Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high m...Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high mutation rate,leading to limited cross-protection by existing vaccines.This necessitates the development of novel vaccines.This study,based on preliminary investigations conducted by our research team,identified six potential strains(PYG QX1,ZQF QX2,FQH QX3,LYZ QX4,XXX QX5,and CSL strains)for vaccine development.Previous pathogenicity test and serum cross-neutralization experiments conducted in this study have demonstrated that the FQH QX3 strain exhibited the weakest pathogenicity and the broadest spectrum of serum neutralization,while the CSL strain showed the highest pathogenicity and was the most challenging to neutralize,posing the greatest difficulty in prevention and control.Subsequently,we constructed and rescued recombinant vaccine candidates,H120-FQH QX3,and H120-CSL,expressing the S1 and N proteins of the FQH QX3 and CSL strains,respectively.Immunization protection experiments indicated that the H120-CSL recombinant vaccine candidate exhibited the most effective immune protection,making it a promising candidate for further study and evaluation as a recombinant vaccine.The S1 and N genes of the CSL strain demonstrated strong immunogenicity,making them potential candidate antigen genes for future vaccine development.展开更多
To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model; to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two indep...To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model; to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two independent repeated vaccination trials were performed. After three subcutaneous vaccinations, in trial one, in the absence of adjuvant, primary juvenile worm cells (pJCs) from S. japonicum induced remarkable average reductions in worm burden (54.3%), liver eggs per gram (LEPG) load (59.8%) as well as egg granulomas size (66.5%) compared to PBS control group (P【0.01), which were significantly higher than those elicited by fractions of juvenile worm cells (JCFs) or fractions of juvenile worms (JWFs) (P【0.05). Non-cell components of worms (WNCs) showed no significant protection. In trial two, compared to PBS control group, significant protective effect was also observed for cultured juvenile worm cells (cJCs) from S. japonicum with 58.4% worm reduction; 68.1% LEPG reduction (P【0.01). However, cultured adult worms cells (cACs) showed significantly higher worm burden (P【0.05); egg burden (P【0.01) when compared to cJCs. Immunological analysis of trial two revealed that cJCs engendered a Th1-biased mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response while cACs elicited a Th2-type response. Our data indicated that immunization with both primary; cultured cells from S. japonicum juvenile worms provided high immunoprotection, for which the physical character of immunogens, stage-specific parasite; the type of immune response induced might be responsible, suggesting that vaccination with whole cells from S. japonicum larvae is a promising approach to produce protective immunity against schistosomiasis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the protective immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in mice immunized with rEg14-3-3. Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with rEg14-3-3, followed by the challenge w...Objective To investigate the protective immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in mice immunized with rEg14-3-3. Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with rEg14-3-3, followed by the challenge with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces intraperitoneally and then sacrificed after six months of post-challenge to detect the proliferation of splenocytes by MTT assay, and to measure the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-20, and IFN -y by ELISA. The rate of reduced hydatid cyst and the levels of IgE, igG and IgG subclasses in sera were examined. Results Mice vaccinated with rEg14-3-3 and challenged with protoscoleces revealed significant protective immunity of 84.47%. ELISA analysis indicated that the immunized mice generated specific high levels of IgG and the prevailing isotypes of IgG were IgG1 and IgG2a. Splenocytes from mice immunized with rEg14-3-3 showed a significant proliferation response. The secretion of IFN-V and IL-2 increased significantly in the vaccinated mice whereas there was no significant difference in IL-4 and IL-20 levels between vaccinated and control mice. Conclusion The results indicate that the rEg24-3-3 vaccine could induce a high level of protective immunity as a promising vaccine candidate to prevent cystic echinococcosis.展开更多
The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation i...The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged proinflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.展开更多
Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a...Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a cadaver)to the same recipient during a single surgical procedure.Most common indications for CLKT in children are autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and primary hyperoxaluria type 1.Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome,methylmalonic academia,and conditions where liver and renal failure co-exists may be indications for CLKT.CLKT is often preferred over sequential liver-kidney transplantation due to immunoprotective effects of transplanted liver on renal allograft;however,liver survival has no significant impact.Since CLKT is a major surgical procedure which involves multiple and complex anastomosis surgeries,acute complications are not uncommon.Bleeding,thrombosis,haemodynamic instability,infections,acute cellular rejections,renal and liver dysfunction are acute complications.The long-term outlook is promising with over 80%5-year survival rates among those children who survive the initial six-month postoperative period.展开更多
Vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative bacterium has been described to be one of the most common and economically important aquatic pathogens of fish and shellfish. Vaccine immunization is an effective approach prevent...Vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative bacterium has been described to be one of the most common and economically important aquatic pathogens of fish and shellfish. Vaccine immunization is an effective approach preventing V. alginolyticus infection. Attenuated vaccine stimulates systemic immune response in the host, but few attenuated vaccine against V. alginolyticus is available. The type III secretion system （T3SS）, an important pathogenic factor of V. alginolyticus, is used by bacterial pathogens to inject effector proteins into the cytoplasm of their host cells. The T3SS forms a structure called needle complex with a multi-ring base that spans the bacteria and a needle-like extension that protrudes several nanometers from the bacterial surface, vscO locates at the ＂needle＂ site of T3SS, playing the role of escorting the molecular chaperone and effector proteins into host cells and further inducing the death of host cells. In this paper, an in-frame deletion mu- tant of vscO was constructed using overlap PCR and homologous recombination technology combining with chloramphenicol （Cm） and sucrose screening. The LDs0 changes of ZJO3AvscO mutant strains compared with the strain ZJ03 were e^amined in grouper （ Epinephelus coioides）. The ZJO3AvscO mutant showed about 150 times decrease in virulence in E. coioides compared with wide type ZJ03. After vaccination with ZJO3AvscO in E. coioides through injection and immersion, the spe- cific antibody titers were markedly higher than that in the saline control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The titers of injection and immersion group on the forth week reached the maximums at 1：2 048 and 1： 128, respectively. The relative percentage survival （RPS） of injection group was 84%, while that in immersion group was 68%. These results indicate that the ZJO3AvscO of V. alginolyticus has a high immunogenicity, and can be used as live attenuated vaccine. In addition, RPS may be affected by vaccination and infection methods. This study can provide technical support for controlling fish diseases caused by V. alginolyticus.展开更多
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated U937 cells and cadmium-mediated activation of U937-derived macrophage...ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated U937 cells and cadmium-mediated activation of U937-derived macrophages.MethodsThe macrophage cell line U937 was treated with cadmium (0.1 μ mol/L) and later incubated with the anthocyanin-rich extract and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue staining. In the other experiment, the U937 cells were transformed to the macrophage form by treatment with phorbol 12, myristate 13, and acetate and incubated with cadmium (10 μ mol/L). The anthocyanin-rich extract was added to the cells later and subsequently, the supernatant of each cell culture was analysed for the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and catalase activity as indices for the activation of macrophages.ResultsIt revealed that the anthocynanin-rich extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased the viability of the cells which was suppressed by cadmium when compared to quercetin dihydrate. The extract also reduced the cadmium-mediated production of the markers of macrophage-activation when compared to quercetin dihydrate. In both experiments, the activity of the extract was concentration-dependent (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings show that H. sabdariffa possesses significant immunoprotective effect. These corroborate the immense reported antioxidant and medicinal potential of the calyces of the plant which could be exploited for pharmacological and neutraceutical advantages.展开更多
The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15...The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15 days laboratory acclimatized fish(141)g;(111)cm were randomly distributed in 10 groups-C(control),S1,S2,S3,A1,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3,based on the composition of the dietary supplements.Each group had 10 specimens(n=10),and the experiment was performed in triplicate.Elevated final body weight(FBW)was observed in all groups except S1 after 60 days,and weight gain percentage(WG%)showed a significant increase in all groups except S1 after both 30 and 60 days of the sampling periods with a significance level of P<0.05.In contrast,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)significantly(P<0.05)decreased in all experimental groups,except S1,as compared to the control,after 60 days of sampling duration.The hepatosomatic index(HSI%)significantly(P<0.05)increased in groups-S3,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3;while the viscerosomatic index(VSI%)also significantly(P<0.05)enhanced in groups-A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3 as compared to C.Significant(P<0.05)elevations in activities of both trypsin and chymotrypsin,after both the sampling durations were recorded;the maximum being in AS3 as 3.47 and 2.06-fold,respectively,after 60 days,suggests greater protein digestibility.The qRT-PCR analysis displays an up-regulation of growth-related genes-gh,igf-1,and igf-2a,both in the liver and muscle tissues.Also,gh showed greater expression at transcriptional levels in liver tissues(4.86)-fold than muscle tissues(4.43)-fold in AS3;whereas igf-1 and igf-2a were significantly(P<0.05)upregulated in the muscles of AS2 and AS3 as compared to C.Further,significantly(P<0.05)increased expression of the transforming growth factor-β(tgf-β)in liver tissues was recorded in groups-AS1,AS2,and AS3,as compared to C,suggesting the immunoprotective role of combined dietary supplements.The study envisages that 3%dietary supplementation with both herbs(AS3)sufficiently influences the activities of digestive enzymes,growth indices,and mRNA levels of growth-related and immunoprotective genes in the fish.The study thus finds ample scope in aquaculture.展开更多
Group A streptococcus （GAS）, an important human pathogen, can cause various kinds of infections including superficial infections and potentially lethal infections, and the search for an effective vaccine to prevent ...Group A streptococcus （GAS）, an important human pathogen, can cause various kinds of infections including superficial infections and potentially lethal infections, and the search for an effective vaccine to prevent GAS infections has been ongoing for many years. This paper compares the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of FbaA （an Fn-binding protein expressed on the surface of GAS） with that of M protein, the best immunogen of GAS. Assay for immune response showed that FbaA, similar to M protein, could induce protein-specific high IgG titer in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, following GAS challenge, the mice immunized with FbaA showed the same protective rate as those with M protein. These results indicate that FbaA is similar in ability to M protein in inducing protective immunity against GAS challenge in mice. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.展开更多
The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antige...The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antigen-presenting cells(APCs)represented by dendritic cells(DCs).Here,we designed an injectable SeV-based hydrogel vaccine(SHV)to execute multi-channel recruitment and stimulation of DCs for boosting the specific immune response against tumors.After the release of the NIR-triggered antigens from tumor cells,dendritic cells around the vaccine efficiently transport the antigens to lymph nodes and present them to T lymphocytes,thereby inducing systemic anti-tumor immune memory.Our findings demonstrated that the SHV with excellent universality,convenience and flexibility has achieved better immune protection effects in inhibiting the occurrence of melanoma and breast cancer.In conclusion,the SHV system might serve as the next generation of personalized anti-tumor vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens,and represented an alternative way to suppress tumorigenesis.展开更多
In this study, the full lipL21 gene fragment encoding outer membrane protein LipL21 was cloned from L. interrogans serovar Lai and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1（＋）. The guinea pigs were immuni...In this study, the full lipL21 gene fragment encoding outer membrane protein LipL21 was cloned from L. interrogans serovar Lai and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1（＋）. The guinea pigs were immunized with pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21, pcDNA3.1（＋） or PBS. Six weeks after the second immunization, the splenocytes were isolated to detect their proliferative ability by lymphocyte transformation experiments. In addition, microscopic agglutination test was used for quantitative detection of specific antibodies. The rest guinea pigs were challenged intraperitoneally with L. interogans sorevar Lai. Then, protective effect was evaluated on the basis of survival and histopathological lesions in the kidneys, lungs, and liver. The lipL21 gene was successfully expressed in COS-7 cells through recombinant pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21. The titer of specific antibodies substantially increased, and the stimulation index of splenocytes increased significantly. Hence, the pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21 could protect the immunized guinea pigs from homotypic Leptospira infection. Furthermore, no obvious pathologic changes were observed in the pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21 immunized guinea pigs. The results showed that the protective effect with pathogenic strains of Leptospira was shared by LipL21 mediated through a plasmid vector. Consequently, these results indicated that the lipL21 DNA vaccine was a promising candidate for the prevention of leptospirosis.展开更多
Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying tele...Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying teleost immune system.Specifically,polyclonal antibodies reacting with immunoglobulins(Ig)were used successfully in studies of the teleost fishes.In the present study,we produced polyclonal antibody against CH2 domains of crucian carp IgM,and measured the in vivo dynamics of IgM mRNA caused by CyHV-2 infection.The recombinant protein IgM with relative molecular weight about 53 KD was correctly expressed in prokaryotic cells.The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was evaluated by Western blotting and results revealed that the antibody not only specifically recognized crucian carp serum but also cross-reacted with grass carp serum.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of IgM mRNA changed significantly after CyHV-2 infection.The expression of IgM in the kidney increased and reached a maximum at 6 h post-infection(hpi),while dropped to a low level at 5 days post-infection(dpi).In conclusion,the expression of IgM was significantly upregulated in the kidney of crucian carp infected with CyHV-2,indicating that IgM played a potential role in systemic immunity against viral infection.Polyclonal antibody against crucian carp IgM had certain clinical relevance,which might provide insight into the early stage of virus infection and prevention of the disease.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to preven...Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to prevent HFMD.This study collected Anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs serum from BALB/c female mice immunized using CVA6 D3a VLPs.The neutralizing antibody levels were compared against the representative 14‐JX2018(D3a)and N4‐YN2015(D3b)strains between the antisera of different immune pathways.The immunoprotective effect of anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs against these strains was monitored using pathological sections and immuno-histochemical results of lung and skeletal muscle tissues in seven‐day‐old Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice.Immunological protection against different branches of viruses was evaluated in 7‐day‐old(serum passive immune protection)and 14‐day‐old(VLPs active immune protection)neonatal ICR mice models.Serum‐neutralizing antibody levels were positively correlated with the number of immunizations and higher against 14‐JX2018 than against N4‐YN2015.Furthermore,these levels were significantly higher with abdominal injection than intramuscular injection.The immunized serum of 7‐day‐old ICR mice inoculated three times was 100%protected against CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2018(lethal titer:106.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(lethal titer:105.25TCID 50)fatal attacks,respectively.For ICR mice that have completed two active immunizations for 14 days,both CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2015(challenge titer:108.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(challenge titer:107.25 TCID 50)were used for the challenge,and the mice were able to survive.Overall,the CVA6 D3a VLPs prepared in this study are a potential vaccine candidate for CVA6,as it has the optimal protective effect against both CVA6 D3a and D3b evolutionary branches viruses.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1801000)the Heyuan Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(DT20220003)+1 种基金the construction project of modern agricultural science and technology innovation alliance in Guangdong province(2023KJ128)Provincial Science and Technology Special Fund Project for Zhongshan City(major special project+ Task list management mode)(2021sdr003).
文摘Infectious bronchitis(IB),a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting avian species,poses significant challenges to poultry production.The causative agent,infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),exhibits a high mutation rate,leading to limited cross-protection by existing vaccines.This necessitates the development of novel vaccines.This study,based on preliminary investigations conducted by our research team,identified six potential strains(PYG QX1,ZQF QX2,FQH QX3,LYZ QX4,XXX QX5,and CSL strains)for vaccine development.Previous pathogenicity test and serum cross-neutralization experiments conducted in this study have demonstrated that the FQH QX3 strain exhibited the weakest pathogenicity and the broadest spectrum of serum neutralization,while the CSL strain showed the highest pathogenicity and was the most challenging to neutralize,posing the greatest difficulty in prevention and control.Subsequently,we constructed and rescued recombinant vaccine candidates,H120-FQH QX3,and H120-CSL,expressing the S1 and N proteins of the FQH QX3 and CSL strains,respectively.Immunization protection experiments indicated that the H120-CSL recombinant vaccine candidate exhibited the most effective immune protection,making it a promising candidate for further study and evaluation as a recombinant vaccine.The S1 and N genes of the CSL strain demonstrated strong immunogenicity,making them potential candidate antigen genes for future vaccine development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30570952)
文摘To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model; to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two independent repeated vaccination trials were performed. After three subcutaneous vaccinations, in trial one, in the absence of adjuvant, primary juvenile worm cells (pJCs) from S. japonicum induced remarkable average reductions in worm burden (54.3%), liver eggs per gram (LEPG) load (59.8%) as well as egg granulomas size (66.5%) compared to PBS control group (P【0.01), which were significantly higher than those elicited by fractions of juvenile worm cells (JCFs) or fractions of juvenile worms (JWFs) (P【0.05). Non-cell components of worms (WNCs) showed no significant protection. In trial two, compared to PBS control group, significant protective effect was also observed for cultured juvenile worm cells (cJCs) from S. japonicum with 58.4% worm reduction; 68.1% LEPG reduction (P【0.01). However, cultured adult worms cells (cACs) showed significantly higher worm burden (P【0.05); egg burden (P【0.01) when compared to cJCs. Immunological analysis of trial two revealed that cJCs engendered a Th1-biased mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response while cACs elicited a Th2-type response. Our data indicated that immunization with both primary; cultured cells from S. japonicum juvenile worms provided high immunoprotection, for which the physical character of immunogens, stage-specific parasite; the type of immune response induced might be responsible, suggesting that vaccination with whole cells from S. japonicum larvae is a promising approach to produce protective immunity against schistosomiasis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30260105 and No.30660176)
文摘Objective To investigate the protective immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in mice immunized with rEg14-3-3. Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with rEg14-3-3, followed by the challenge with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces intraperitoneally and then sacrificed after six months of post-challenge to detect the proliferation of splenocytes by MTT assay, and to measure the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-20, and IFN -y by ELISA. The rate of reduced hydatid cyst and the levels of IgE, igG and IgG subclasses in sera were examined. Results Mice vaccinated with rEg14-3-3 and challenged with protoscoleces revealed significant protective immunity of 84.47%. ELISA analysis indicated that the immunized mice generated specific high levels of IgG and the prevailing isotypes of IgG were IgG1 and IgG2a. Splenocytes from mice immunized with rEg14-3-3 showed a significant proliferation response. The secretion of IFN-V and IL-2 increased significantly in the vaccinated mice whereas there was no significant difference in IL-4 and IL-20 levels between vaccinated and control mice. Conclusion The results indicate that the rEg24-3-3 vaccine could induce a high level of protective immunity as a promising vaccine candidate to prevent cystic echinococcosis.
文摘The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged proinflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.
文摘Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a cadaver)to the same recipient during a single surgical procedure.Most common indications for CLKT in children are autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and primary hyperoxaluria type 1.Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome,methylmalonic academia,and conditions where liver and renal failure co-exists may be indications for CLKT.CLKT is often preferred over sequential liver-kidney transplantation due to immunoprotective effects of transplanted liver on renal allograft;however,liver survival has no significant impact.Since CLKT is a major surgical procedure which involves multiple and complex anastomosis surgeries,acute complications are not uncommon.Bleeding,thrombosis,haemodynamic instability,infections,acute cellular rejections,renal and liver dysfunction are acute complications.The long-term outlook is promising with over 80%5-year survival rates among those children who survive the initial six-month postoperative period.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31402344)Project of Enhancing School With Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University(GDOU2015050216)
文摘Vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative bacterium has been described to be one of the most common and economically important aquatic pathogens of fish and shellfish. Vaccine immunization is an effective approach preventing V. alginolyticus infection. Attenuated vaccine stimulates systemic immune response in the host, but few attenuated vaccine against V. alginolyticus is available. The type III secretion system （T3SS）, an important pathogenic factor of V. alginolyticus, is used by bacterial pathogens to inject effector proteins into the cytoplasm of their host cells. The T3SS forms a structure called needle complex with a multi-ring base that spans the bacteria and a needle-like extension that protrudes several nanometers from the bacterial surface, vscO locates at the ＂needle＂ site of T3SS, playing the role of escorting the molecular chaperone and effector proteins into host cells and further inducing the death of host cells. In this paper, an in-frame deletion mu- tant of vscO was constructed using overlap PCR and homologous recombination technology combining with chloramphenicol （Cm） and sucrose screening. The LDs0 changes of ZJO3AvscO mutant strains compared with the strain ZJ03 were e^amined in grouper （ Epinephelus coioides）. The ZJO3AvscO mutant showed about 150 times decrease in virulence in E. coioides compared with wide type ZJ03. After vaccination with ZJO3AvscO in E. coioides through injection and immersion, the spe- cific antibody titers were markedly higher than that in the saline control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The titers of injection and immersion group on the forth week reached the maximums at 1：2 048 and 1： 128, respectively. The relative percentage survival （RPS） of injection group was 84%, while that in immersion group was 68%. These results indicate that the ZJO3AvscO of V. alginolyticus has a high immunogenicity, and can be used as live attenuated vaccine. In addition, RPS may be affected by vaccination and infection methods. This study can provide technical support for controlling fish diseases caused by V. alginolyticus.
文摘ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated U937 cells and cadmium-mediated activation of U937-derived macrophages.MethodsThe macrophage cell line U937 was treated with cadmium (0.1 μ mol/L) and later incubated with the anthocyanin-rich extract and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue staining. In the other experiment, the U937 cells were transformed to the macrophage form by treatment with phorbol 12, myristate 13, and acetate and incubated with cadmium (10 μ mol/L). The anthocyanin-rich extract was added to the cells later and subsequently, the supernatant of each cell culture was analysed for the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and catalase activity as indices for the activation of macrophages.ResultsIt revealed that the anthocynanin-rich extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased the viability of the cells which was suppressed by cadmium when compared to quercetin dihydrate. The extract also reduced the cadmium-mediated production of the markers of macrophage-activation when compared to quercetin dihydrate. In both experiments, the activity of the extract was concentration-dependent (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings show that H. sabdariffa possesses significant immunoprotective effect. These corroborate the immense reported antioxidant and medicinal potential of the calyces of the plant which could be exploited for pharmacological and neutraceutical advantages.
基金financial assistance provided by the Ministry of Higher Education,Government of Uttar Pradesh,India for conducting the present research work under the project entitled,“Centre of Excellence in Fish Nutrigenomics”,vide letter No.1483/70-4-2019-1035/2018 dated August 27,2019.
文摘The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15 days laboratory acclimatized fish(141)g;(111)cm were randomly distributed in 10 groups-C(control),S1,S2,S3,A1,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3,based on the composition of the dietary supplements.Each group had 10 specimens(n=10),and the experiment was performed in triplicate.Elevated final body weight(FBW)was observed in all groups except S1 after 60 days,and weight gain percentage(WG%)showed a significant increase in all groups except S1 after both 30 and 60 days of the sampling periods with a significance level of P<0.05.In contrast,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)significantly(P<0.05)decreased in all experimental groups,except S1,as compared to the control,after 60 days of sampling duration.The hepatosomatic index(HSI%)significantly(P<0.05)increased in groups-S3,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3;while the viscerosomatic index(VSI%)also significantly(P<0.05)enhanced in groups-A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3 as compared to C.Significant(P<0.05)elevations in activities of both trypsin and chymotrypsin,after both the sampling durations were recorded;the maximum being in AS3 as 3.47 and 2.06-fold,respectively,after 60 days,suggests greater protein digestibility.The qRT-PCR analysis displays an up-regulation of growth-related genes-gh,igf-1,and igf-2a,both in the liver and muscle tissues.Also,gh showed greater expression at transcriptional levels in liver tissues(4.86)-fold than muscle tissues(4.43)-fold in AS3;whereas igf-1 and igf-2a were significantly(P<0.05)upregulated in the muscles of AS2 and AS3 as compared to C.Further,significantly(P<0.05)increased expression of the transforming growth factor-β(tgf-β)in liver tissues was recorded in groups-AS1,AS2,and AS3,as compared to C,suggesting the immunoprotective role of combined dietary supplements.The study envisages that 3%dietary supplementation with both herbs(AS3)sufficiently influences the activities of digestive enzymes,growth indices,and mRNA levels of growth-related and immunoprotective genes in the fish.The study thus finds ample scope in aquaculture.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771970 and 30872399)Scientific Research Foundation of Health Bureau of Hebei Province (08054).
文摘Group A streptococcus （GAS）, an important human pathogen, can cause various kinds of infections including superficial infections and potentially lethal infections, and the search for an effective vaccine to prevent GAS infections has been ongoing for many years. This paper compares the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of FbaA （an Fn-binding protein expressed on the surface of GAS） with that of M protein, the best immunogen of GAS. Assay for immune response showed that FbaA, similar to M protein, could induce protein-specific high IgG titer in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, following GAS challenge, the mice immunized with FbaA showed the same protective rate as those with M protein. These results indicate that FbaA is similar in ability to M protein in inducing protective immunity against GAS challenge in mice. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000999,81925020 and 81630051)the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCZDJC34100)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(SKLOD2021OF07).
文摘The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antigen-presenting cells(APCs)represented by dendritic cells(DCs).Here,we designed an injectable SeV-based hydrogel vaccine(SHV)to execute multi-channel recruitment and stimulation of DCs for boosting the specific immune response against tumors.After the release of the NIR-triggered antigens from tumor cells,dendritic cells around the vaccine efficiently transport the antigens to lymph nodes and present them to T lymphocytes,thereby inducing systemic anti-tumor immune memory.Our findings demonstrated that the SHV with excellent universality,convenience and flexibility has achieved better immune protection effects in inhibiting the occurrence of melanoma and breast cancer.In conclusion,the SHV system might serve as the next generation of personalized anti-tumor vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens,and represented an alternative way to suppress tumorigenesis.
基金grants from the Hunan Provincial Education Department (06B088)the Hunan Provincial Health Department (2004B165)
文摘In this study, the full lipL21 gene fragment encoding outer membrane protein LipL21 was cloned from L. interrogans serovar Lai and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1（＋）. The guinea pigs were immunized with pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21, pcDNA3.1（＋） or PBS. Six weeks after the second immunization, the splenocytes were isolated to detect their proliferative ability by lymphocyte transformation experiments. In addition, microscopic agglutination test was used for quantitative detection of specific antibodies. The rest guinea pigs were challenged intraperitoneally with L. interogans sorevar Lai. Then, protective effect was evaluated on the basis of survival and histopathological lesions in the kidneys, lungs, and liver. The lipL21 gene was successfully expressed in COS-7 cells through recombinant pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21. The titer of specific antibodies substantially increased, and the stimulation index of splenocytes increased significantly. Hence, the pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21 could protect the immunized guinea pigs from homotypic Leptospira infection. Furthermore, no obvious pathologic changes were observed in the pcDNA3.1（＋）-lipL21 immunized guinea pigs. The results showed that the protective effect with pathogenic strains of Leptospira was shared by LipL21 mediated through a plasmid vector. Consequently, these results indicated that the lipL21 DNA vaccine was a promising candidate for the prevention of leptospirosis.
基金supported by the General Fund Project of China Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Program No.22ZR1427200).
文摘Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying teleost immune system.Specifically,polyclonal antibodies reacting with immunoglobulins(Ig)were used successfully in studies of the teleost fishes.In the present study,we produced polyclonal antibody against CH2 domains of crucian carp IgM,and measured the in vivo dynamics of IgM mRNA caused by CyHV-2 infection.The recombinant protein IgM with relative molecular weight about 53 KD was correctly expressed in prokaryotic cells.The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was evaluated by Western blotting and results revealed that the antibody not only specifically recognized crucian carp serum but also cross-reacted with grass carp serum.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of IgM mRNA changed significantly after CyHV-2 infection.The expression of IgM in the kidney increased and reached a maximum at 6 h post-infection(hpi),while dropped to a low level at 5 days post-infection(dpi).In conclusion,the expression of IgM was significantly upregulated in the kidney of crucian carp infected with CyHV-2,indicating that IgM played a potential role in systemic immunity against viral infection.Polyclonal antibody against crucian carp IgM had certain clinical relevance,which might provide insight into the early stage of virus infection and prevention of the disease.
基金supported by the National Key Researchand Development Programof China (Project No.2021YFC2302003).
文摘Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to prevent HFMD.This study collected Anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs serum from BALB/c female mice immunized using CVA6 D3a VLPs.The neutralizing antibody levels were compared against the representative 14‐JX2018(D3a)and N4‐YN2015(D3b)strains between the antisera of different immune pathways.The immunoprotective effect of anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs against these strains was monitored using pathological sections and immuno-histochemical results of lung and skeletal muscle tissues in seven‐day‐old Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice.Immunological protection against different branches of viruses was evaluated in 7‐day‐old(serum passive immune protection)and 14‐day‐old(VLPs active immune protection)neonatal ICR mice models.Serum‐neutralizing antibody levels were positively correlated with the number of immunizations and higher against 14‐JX2018 than against N4‐YN2015.Furthermore,these levels were significantly higher with abdominal injection than intramuscular injection.The immunized serum of 7‐day‐old ICR mice inoculated three times was 100%protected against CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2018(lethal titer:106.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(lethal titer:105.25TCID 50)fatal attacks,respectively.For ICR mice that have completed two active immunizations for 14 days,both CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2015(challenge titer:108.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(challenge titer:107.25 TCID 50)were used for the challenge,and the mice were able to survive.Overall,the CVA6 D3a VLPs prepared in this study are a potential vaccine candidate for CVA6,as it has the optimal protective effect against both CVA6 D3a and D3b evolutionary branches viruses.
