Polytrauma with significant bone and volumetric muscle loss presents substantial clinical challenges.Although immune responses significantly influence fracture healing post-polytrauma,the cellular and molecular underp...Polytrauma with significant bone and volumetric muscle loss presents substantial clinical challenges.Although immune responses significantly influence fracture healing post-polytrauma,the cellular and molecular underpinnings of polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation require further investigation.While previous studies examined either injury site tissue or systemic tissue(peripheral blood),our study uniquely investigated both systemic and local immune cells at the same time to better understand polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation and associated impaired bone healing.Using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in a rat polytrauma model,we analyzed blood,bone marrow,and the local defect soft tissue to identify potential cellular and molecular targets involved in immune dysregulation.We identified a trauma-associated immunosuppressive myeloid(TIM)cell population that drives systemic immune dysregulation,immunosuppression,and potentially impaired bone healing.We found CD1d as a global marker for TIM cells in polytrauma.展开更多
Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific m...Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific mutations,particu-larly in the form of tumor neoantigens,to induce immune responses,particularly the activation of CD8+T cells,which can attack malignant cells.Since tumor mutations result in protein sequence alterations distinct from those in normal tissues,therapies that precisely target these alterations could,in principle,confer effective tumor control while minimizing off-target effects.展开更多
The plant immunity inducer, amino-oligosaccharin, has remarkable effects in disease resistance, cold tolerance, growth promotion, yield increase and quality improvement. This paper introduced the action mechanism of a...The plant immunity inducer, amino-oligosaccharin, has remarkable effects in disease resistance, cold tolerance, growth promotion, yield increase and quality improvement. This paper introduced the action mechanism of amino-oligosaccharin, its main application effects on crops and application techniques. In 2013-2014, ex- periments were conducted on a variety of crops at multiple locations by Xinjiang Corps as well as popularization and application in 2013-2014, and it was shown by the popularization and application that the application of amino-oligosaccharin could promote plant growth, reduce the incidence of crop diseases and improve crop yield and product quality.展开更多
Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning respon...Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy balance.Methods: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P < 0.05). The ISS treatment did not impact nitrogen balance or nutrient digestibility(P > 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance in pigs and is the first to directly relate decreased ADG to increased MEm independent of changes in feed intake in immune challenged pigs. Immune stimulation increased energy partitioning to the immune system by 23% which limited lipid deposition and weight gain. Understanding energy and nutrient partitioning in immune-stressed pigs may provide insight into more effective feeding and management strategies.展开更多
Background： DIIHA （Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia） is rare, and a specialized laboratory is often required to provide optimal serological tests to confirm diagnosis. There have been few cases reported of etor...Background： DIIHA （Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia） is rare, and a specialized laboratory is often required to provide optimal serological tests to confirm diagnosis. There have been few cases reported of etoricoxib-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Immune complexes formed between some drugs and their respective antibodies attach weakly or strongly in a nonspecific way to RBCs （red blood cells）. The bound immune complex activates complement, which may lead to hemolysis in vivo. Aims： Demonstration of immune complex formation involving etoricoxib in vitro. Methods： A 46-year-old woman developed acute severe anemia one day after a single dose of etoricoxib 90 mgper os with a strong positive DAT （direct anti-globulin test） and a weak positive IAT （indirect anti-globuline test）. For investigation diagnosis, we used the American Association of Blood Banks Technical Manual protocol using patient serum collected in three different moments （at patient admission, one month after and one month after stopping steroids）. Results： The authors found strong positive IAT reactions when the patient serum was tested with the drug. Conclusions： The strong agglutination that occurred in the mixture of the drug and the patient serum indicates a drug/antidrug interaction and may lead to DIIHA. This was the first case reported in Portugal of DIIHA induced by etoricoxib.展开更多
Immune evasion represents a significant challenge in oncology.It allows tumors to evade immune surveillance and destruction,thereby complicating therapeutic interventions and contributing to suboptimal patient outcome...Immune evasion represents a significant challenge in oncology.It allows tumors to evade immune surveillance and destruction,thereby complicating therapeutic interventions and contributing to suboptimal patient outcomes.This review addresses the critical need to understand how cancers evade immune surveillance.It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies of tumors to escape immune detection by examining tumor-induced immune suppression,immune checkpoint regulation,and genetic and epigenetic influences.Moreover,it explores the dynamic role of the tumor microenvironment(TME)in fostering immune resistance and highlights the impact of metabolic reprogramming on immune suppression.Additionally,this review focuses on how tumor heterogeneity influences immune evasion and discusses the limitations of current immunotherapies.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hun...[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.展开更多
As important physiological regulators,peptides have been used in many fields including medicine,cosmetics,healthcare products,animal nutrition and health,and plant nutrition and protection.In recent years,peptides hav...As important physiological regulators,peptides have been used in many fields including medicine,cosmetics,healthcare products,animal nutrition and health,and plant nutrition and protection.In recent years,peptides have become a popular research subject in plant protection as antimicrobial and immune inducers,plant growth regulators,insecticides,and herbicides for their extensive raw material sources,excellent activity,and ideal environmental compatibility.This paper briefly introduces peptide research progress,presents an overview of peptide studies in plant protection,and summarizes the application of the peptides in plant protection and prospects for peptides as green agrochemicals.展开更多
To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system...To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system,including systemic acquired resistance(SAR),a defense mechanism activated by local infection to protect the plant against multiple pathogens.These immune responses are precisely regulated by complex,interconnected signaling pathways,some of which share conserved signaling events and components.展开更多
Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led...Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led to their increasing application in tuberculosis(TB)vaccine development.This study evaluated the immunological properties of a Mycobacterium intracellulare(Mit)strain to provide scientific evidence for the development of novel TB vaccines.Methods:Whole-cell proteins were extracted from the Mit strain CHPC 1.5701 and used to establish a mouse immunization model.Key antibody and cytokine parameters were measured to assess immune responses.Additionally,a subcutaneous air pouch model was developed on the dorsal surface of mice to evaluate neutrophil recruitment capacity.Resuls:Mice in the experimental group developed high IgG antibody titers(1:921,600±446,351.3)and demonstrated a Th1-type immune response.Post-immunization serum antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins.The subcutaneous air pouch model revealed substantial neutrophil recruitment following antigen challenge.Conclusions:Mit whole-cell proteins demonstrate potent immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins,suggesting potential applications in the immunoprevention and treatment of tuberculosis.展开更多
The rapid success of RNA vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 has sparked interest in their use for cancer immunotherapy.Although many cancers originate in mucosal tissues,current RNA cancer vaccines are mainly administe...The rapid success of RNA vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 has sparked interest in their use for cancer immunotherapy.Although many cancers originate in mucosal tissues,current RNA cancer vaccines are mainly administered non-mucosally.Here,we developed a non-invasive intranasal cancer vaccine utilizing circular RNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles to induce localized mucosal immune responses.This strategy elicited potent anti-tumor T cell responses in preclinical lung cancer models while mitigating the systemic adverse effects commonly associated with intravenous RNA vaccination.Specifically,type 1 conventional dendritic cells were indispensable for T cell priming post-vaccination,with both alveolar macrophages and type 1 conventional dendritic cells boosting antigen-specific T cell responses in lung tissues.Moreover,the vaccination facilitated the expansion of both endogenous and adoptive transferred antigen-specific T cells,resulting in robust anti-tumor efficacy.Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the vaccination reprograms endogenous T cells,enhancing their cytotoxicity and inducing a memory-like phenotype.Additionally,the intranasal vaccine can modulate the response of CAR-T cells to augment therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells expressing specific tumor-associated antigens.Collectively,the intranasal RNA vaccine strategy represents a novel and promising approach for developing RNA vaccines targeting mucosal malignancies.展开更多
While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens,plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immun...While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens,plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants.The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research.In this review,we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation,summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers(proteins,oligosaccharides,chemicals,and lipids),and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers.The current situation,new strategies,and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.展开更多
Small RNAs play an important role in plant immune responses. However, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance（ISR） is nascent. Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that i...Small RNAs play an important role in plant immune responses. However, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance（ISR） is nascent. Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces ISR in Arabidopsis against bacterial infection. Here,by comparing small RNA profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato（Pst） DC3000-infected Arabidopsis with and without AR156 pretreatment, we identified a group of Arabidopsis micro RNAs（mi RNAs） that are differentially regulated by AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 and mi R825 are two mi RNA generated from a single mi RNA gene.Northern blot analysis indicated that they were significantly downregulated in Pst DC3000-infected plants pretreated with AR156, in contrast to the plants without AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 targets two ubiquitin-protein ligases,while mi R825 targets toll-interleukin-like receptor（TIR）-nucleotide binding site（NBS） and leucine-rich repeat（LRR）type resistance（R） genes. The expression of these target genes negatively correlated with the expression of mi R825 and mi R825. Moreover, transgenic plants showing reduced expression of mi R825 and mi R825 displayed enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 infection, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing mi R825 and mi R825 were more susceptible. Taken together, our data indicates that Bacillus cereus AR156 pretreatment primes ISR to Pst infection by suppressing mi R825 and mi R825 and activating the defense related genes they targeted.展开更多
文摘Polytrauma with significant bone and volumetric muscle loss presents substantial clinical challenges.Although immune responses significantly influence fracture healing post-polytrauma,the cellular and molecular underpinnings of polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation require further investigation.While previous studies examined either injury site tissue or systemic tissue(peripheral blood),our study uniquely investigated both systemic and local immune cells at the same time to better understand polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation and associated impaired bone healing.Using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in a rat polytrauma model,we analyzed blood,bone marrow,and the local defect soft tissue to identify potential cellular and molecular targets involved in immune dysregulation.We identified a trauma-associated immunosuppressive myeloid(TIM)cell population that drives systemic immune dysregulation,immunosuppression,and potentially impaired bone healing.We found CD1d as a global marker for TIM cells in polytrauma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341042 and 32270993)the PhD program of the Interdisciplinary Research Center,Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific mutations,particu-larly in the form of tumor neoantigens,to induce immune responses,particularly the activation of CD8+T cells,which can attack malignant cells.Since tumor mutations result in protein sequence alterations distinct from those in normal tissues,therapies that precisely target these alterations could,in principle,confer effective tumor control while minimizing off-target effects.
文摘The plant immunity inducer, amino-oligosaccharin, has remarkable effects in disease resistance, cold tolerance, growth promotion, yield increase and quality improvement. This paper introduced the action mechanism of amino-oligosaccharin, its main application effects on crops and application techniques. In 2013-2014, ex- periments were conducted on a variety of crops at multiple locations by Xinjiang Corps as well as popularization and application in 2013-2014, and it was shown by the popularization and application that the application of amino-oligosaccharin could promote plant growth, reduce the incidence of crop diseases and improve crop yield and product quality.
基金Financial support of NH graduate program provided by the National Pork BoardFinancial and in-kind support provided by Elanco,Greenfield,IN,USA
文摘Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy balance.Methods: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P < 0.05). The ISS treatment did not impact nitrogen balance or nutrient digestibility(P > 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance in pigs and is the first to directly relate decreased ADG to increased MEm independent of changes in feed intake in immune challenged pigs. Immune stimulation increased energy partitioning to the immune system by 23% which limited lipid deposition and weight gain. Understanding energy and nutrient partitioning in immune-stressed pigs may provide insight into more effective feeding and management strategies.
文摘Background： DIIHA （Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia） is rare, and a specialized laboratory is often required to provide optimal serological tests to confirm diagnosis. There have been few cases reported of etoricoxib-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Immune complexes formed between some drugs and their respective antibodies attach weakly or strongly in a nonspecific way to RBCs （red blood cells）. The bound immune complex activates complement, which may lead to hemolysis in vivo. Aims： Demonstration of immune complex formation involving etoricoxib in vitro. Methods： A 46-year-old woman developed acute severe anemia one day after a single dose of etoricoxib 90 mgper os with a strong positive DAT （direct anti-globulin test） and a weak positive IAT （indirect anti-globuline test）. For investigation diagnosis, we used the American Association of Blood Banks Technical Manual protocol using patient serum collected in three different moments （at patient admission, one month after and one month after stopping steroids）. Results： The authors found strong positive IAT reactions when the patient serum was tested with the drug. Conclusions： The strong agglutination that occurred in the mixture of the drug and the patient serum indicates a drug/antidrug interaction and may lead to DIIHA. This was the first case reported in Portugal of DIIHA induced by etoricoxib.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.82170974)the Central South University Research Program of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(Grant No.2023QYJC038).
文摘Immune evasion represents a significant challenge in oncology.It allows tumors to evade immune surveillance and destruction,thereby complicating therapeutic interventions and contributing to suboptimal patient outcomes.This review addresses the critical need to understand how cancers evade immune surveillance.It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies of tumors to escape immune detection by examining tumor-induced immune suppression,immune checkpoint regulation,and genetic and epigenetic influences.Moreover,it explores the dynamic role of the tumor microenvironment(TME)in fostering immune resistance and highlights the impact of metabolic reprogramming on immune suppression.Additionally,this review focuses on how tumor heterogeneity influences immune evasion and discusses the limitations of current immunotherapies.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C200700450)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2022YFD1700403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21877126).
文摘As important physiological regulators,peptides have been used in many fields including medicine,cosmetics,healthcare products,animal nutrition and health,and plant nutrition and protection.In recent years,peptides have become a popular research subject in plant protection as antimicrobial and immune inducers,plant growth regulators,insecticides,and herbicides for their extensive raw material sources,excellent activity,and ideal environmental compatibility.This paper briefly introduces peptide research progress,presents an overview of peptide studies in plant protection,and summarizes the application of the peptides in plant protection and prospects for peptides as green agrochemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32072403 to F.S.)the China Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(no.CARS-25 to F.S.)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.GZC20232353 to Y.B.).
文摘To defend against pathogens,plants employ a two-tiered innate immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI).Additionally,plants possess a systemic inducible immune system,including systemic acquired resistance(SAR),a defense mechanism activated by local infection to protect the plant against multiple pathogens.These immune responses are precisely regulated by complex,interconnected signaling pathways,some of which share conserved signaling events and components.
文摘Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led to their increasing application in tuberculosis(TB)vaccine development.This study evaluated the immunological properties of a Mycobacterium intracellulare(Mit)strain to provide scientific evidence for the development of novel TB vaccines.Methods:Whole-cell proteins were extracted from the Mit strain CHPC 1.5701 and used to establish a mouse immunization model.Key antibody and cytokine parameters were measured to assess immune responses.Additionally,a subcutaneous air pouch model was developed on the dorsal surface of mice to evaluate neutrophil recruitment capacity.Resuls:Mice in the experimental group developed high IgG antibody titers(1:921,600±446,351.3)and demonstrated a Th1-type immune response.Post-immunization serum antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins.The subcutaneous air pouch model revealed substantial neutrophil recruitment following antigen challenge.Conclusions:Mit whole-cell proteins demonstrate potent immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins,suggesting potential applications in the immunoprevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82294366062 to X.L.)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z231100007223007 to G.C.Y.and X.L.)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LSW006toX.L.).
文摘The rapid success of RNA vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 has sparked interest in their use for cancer immunotherapy.Although many cancers originate in mucosal tissues,current RNA cancer vaccines are mainly administered non-mucosally.Here,we developed a non-invasive intranasal cancer vaccine utilizing circular RNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles to induce localized mucosal immune responses.This strategy elicited potent anti-tumor T cell responses in preclinical lung cancer models while mitigating the systemic adverse effects commonly associated with intravenous RNA vaccination.Specifically,type 1 conventional dendritic cells were indispensable for T cell priming post-vaccination,with both alveolar macrophages and type 1 conventional dendritic cells boosting antigen-specific T cell responses in lung tissues.Moreover,the vaccination facilitated the expansion of both endogenous and adoptive transferred antigen-specific T cells,resulting in robust anti-tumor efficacy.Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the vaccination reprograms endogenous T cells,enhancing their cytotoxicity and inducing a memory-like phenotype.Additionally,the intranasal vaccine can modulate the response of CAR-T cells to augment therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells expressing specific tumor-associated antigens.Collectively,the intranasal RNA vaccine strategy represents a novel and promising approach for developing RNA vaccines targeting mucosal malignancies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31721004,32001882)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190520)+1 种基金the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2018 M640496)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20180142).
文摘While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens,plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants.The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research.In this review,we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation,summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers(proteins,oligosaccharides,chemicals,and lipids),and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers.The current situation,new strategies,and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.
基金supported by a Joint Research Fund for Overseas,Hong Kong and Macao Scholars(31228018)to HJ and JGNIH grant(R01GM093008)to HJ+5 种基金NIH grant-(R01GM100364)a grant from Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20141360)a PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(B0201300664)to HZan National Science Foundation grant(DBI-0743797)to WZa Talent Development Program of Wuhan,the municipal government of Wuhan,Hubei,China(2014070504020241)an internal research grant of Jianghan University,Wuhan,China to WZ
文摘Small RNAs play an important role in plant immune responses. However, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance（ISR） is nascent. Bacillus cereus AR156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces ISR in Arabidopsis against bacterial infection. Here,by comparing small RNA profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato（Pst） DC3000-infected Arabidopsis with and without AR156 pretreatment, we identified a group of Arabidopsis micro RNAs（mi RNAs） that are differentially regulated by AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 and mi R825 are two mi RNA generated from a single mi RNA gene.Northern blot analysis indicated that they were significantly downregulated in Pst DC3000-infected plants pretreated with AR156, in contrast to the plants without AR156 pretreatment. mi R825 targets two ubiquitin-protein ligases,while mi R825 targets toll-interleukin-like receptor（TIR）-nucleotide binding site（NBS） and leucine-rich repeat（LRR）type resistance（R） genes. The expression of these target genes negatively correlated with the expression of mi R825 and mi R825. Moreover, transgenic plants showing reduced expression of mi R825 and mi R825 displayed enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 infection, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing mi R825 and mi R825 were more susceptible. Taken together, our data indicates that Bacillus cereus AR156 pretreatment primes ISR to Pst infection by suppressing mi R825 and mi R825 and activating the defense related genes they targeted.
