<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more ser...<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more serious among patients suffering from chronic disease and those who are on treatment which may af-fect their defense mechanism or immune-compromised patients who become more vulnerable to complications of COVID-19, and at high risk for morbidity and mortality with any bacterial or viral illness. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective, non-experimental research design was applied with a quantitative approach among patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to COVID-19 department at AVH with a total of 72 patients. Data were extracted from a patients’ elec-tronic medical record. <strong>Results:</strong> During COVID-19 outbreak 72 patients were admitted to COVID department at AVH, 54.2% were female and 33% of study participants were from Gaza governorate followed by Jerusalem 27%. Most participants 34.7% had first clinic visit after two days from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. 45.8% were discharged to home while 13.9% died. All inflammatory markers that include ferritin, C-RP, IL-6 and D-dimer are in-creasing in all patients that were admitted to hospital;IL-6 and D-dimer were significant inflammatory markers in relation to the mortality rate. The study found the risk of mortality with IL-6 mean (218.5), and D-dimer mean (12). Furthermore there was a relation between increased risk of mortality and im-mune comprised. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mortality rate increased among COVID-19 pa-tients when IL-6 was higher than 218.5 and D-dimer higher than 12, and there was a relationship between increased risk of mortality and immune comprised.展开更多
To the Editor:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is an essential treatment for various malignant hematological diseases,non-malignant hematological diseases,immunodeficiency diseases,and meta...To the Editor:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is an essential treatment for various malignant hematological diseases,non-malignant hematological diseases,immunodeficiency diseases,and metabolic diseases in children.[1]During the period of post allo-HSCT immunodeficiency before complete immune reconstitution,transplant recipients having a compromised immune system are more susceptible to infectious diseases than the general population.Therefore,revaccination plays a crucial role in protecting pediatric allo-HSCT recipients from vaccine-preventable diseases.Inactivated vaccines are generally safer and can be administered starting from 6–12 months after transplantation.Live-attenuated vaccines should be administered at least 24 months after transplantation and at least one year after stopping immunosuppressive drugs due to the risk of severe vaccine-induced infection when administered with immunosuppressive agents.[2,3]展开更多
Background:Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)has become one of the most important opportunistic pathogens inducing nosocomial pneumonia and increasing mortality in critically ill patients recently.The interaction be...Background:Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)has become one of the most important opportunistic pathogens inducing nosocomial pneumonia and increasing mortality in critically ill patients recently.The interaction between A.baumannii infection and immune response can influence the prognosis of A.baumannii related pneumonia.The target of the present study was to investigate the role of immunodeficiency in A.baumannii induced pneumonia.Methods:Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal immunity control(NIC)group,normal immunity infection(NIA)group,immune compromised control(CIC)group,and immune compromised infection(CIA)group(n=15 for each group).Intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and intranasal instillation of A.baumannii solution were used to induce compromised immunity and murine pneumonia,respectively.The mice were sacrificed at 6 and 24 h later and the specimens were collected for further tests.Seven-day mortality of mice was also assessed.Results:After A.baumannii stimulation,the recruitment of neutrophils in mice with normal immunity increased sharply(P=0.030 at 6 h),while there was no significant raise of neutrophil counts in mice with compromised immune condition(P=0.092 at 6 h,P=0.772 at 24 h).The Th cell polarization presented with pulmonary interleukin(IL)-4 and interferon(IFN)-γlevel in response to the A.baumannii in CIA group were significantly depressed in comparison with in NIA group(IFN-γ:P=0.003 at 6 h;P=0.001 at 24 h;IL-4:P<0.001 at 6 h;P<0.001 at 24 h).The pulmonary conventional dendritic cell accumulation was even found to be inhibited after A.baumannii infection in immunocompromised mice(P=0.033).Correspondingly,A.baumannii associated pneumonia in mice with compromised immunity caused more early stage death,more severe histopathological impairment in lung.Conclusion:A.baumannii could frustrate the immune response in immunocompromised conditions,and this reduced immune response is related to more severe lung injury and worse outcome in A.baumannii induced pneumonia.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more serious among patients suffering from chronic disease and those who are on treatment which may af-fect their defense mechanism or immune-compromised patients who become more vulnerable to complications of COVID-19, and at high risk for morbidity and mortality with any bacterial or viral illness. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective, non-experimental research design was applied with a quantitative approach among patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to COVID-19 department at AVH with a total of 72 patients. Data were extracted from a patients’ elec-tronic medical record. <strong>Results:</strong> During COVID-19 outbreak 72 patients were admitted to COVID department at AVH, 54.2% were female and 33% of study participants were from Gaza governorate followed by Jerusalem 27%. Most participants 34.7% had first clinic visit after two days from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. 45.8% were discharged to home while 13.9% died. All inflammatory markers that include ferritin, C-RP, IL-6 and D-dimer are in-creasing in all patients that were admitted to hospital;IL-6 and D-dimer were significant inflammatory markers in relation to the mortality rate. The study found the risk of mortality with IL-6 mean (218.5), and D-dimer mean (12). Furthermore there was a relation between increased risk of mortality and im-mune comprised. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mortality rate increased among COVID-19 pa-tients when IL-6 was higher than 218.5 and D-dimer higher than 12, and there was a relationship between increased risk of mortality and immune comprised.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Health Commission Clinical Research Project(No.202140161)Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund Livelihood Scientific Project(No.PKJ2021-Y43)Key Discipline Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health System,China(No.PWZxk2022-25).
文摘To the Editor:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is an essential treatment for various malignant hematological diseases,non-malignant hematological diseases,immunodeficiency diseases,and metabolic diseases in children.[1]During the period of post allo-HSCT immunodeficiency before complete immune reconstitution,transplant recipients having a compromised immune system are more susceptible to infectious diseases than the general population.Therefore,revaccination plays a crucial role in protecting pediatric allo-HSCT recipients from vaccine-preventable diseases.Inactivated vaccines are generally safer and can be administered starting from 6–12 months after transplantation.Live-attenuated vaccines should be administered at least 24 months after transplantation and at least one year after stopping immunosuppressive drugs due to the risk of severe vaccine-induced infection when administered with immunosuppressive agents.[2,3]
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.81300060)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20130092120070)。
文摘Background:Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)has become one of the most important opportunistic pathogens inducing nosocomial pneumonia and increasing mortality in critically ill patients recently.The interaction between A.baumannii infection and immune response can influence the prognosis of A.baumannii related pneumonia.The target of the present study was to investigate the role of immunodeficiency in A.baumannii induced pneumonia.Methods:Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal immunity control(NIC)group,normal immunity infection(NIA)group,immune compromised control(CIC)group,and immune compromised infection(CIA)group(n=15 for each group).Intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and intranasal instillation of A.baumannii solution were used to induce compromised immunity and murine pneumonia,respectively.The mice were sacrificed at 6 and 24 h later and the specimens were collected for further tests.Seven-day mortality of mice was also assessed.Results:After A.baumannii stimulation,the recruitment of neutrophils in mice with normal immunity increased sharply(P=0.030 at 6 h),while there was no significant raise of neutrophil counts in mice with compromised immune condition(P=0.092 at 6 h,P=0.772 at 24 h).The Th cell polarization presented with pulmonary interleukin(IL)-4 and interferon(IFN)-γlevel in response to the A.baumannii in CIA group were significantly depressed in comparison with in NIA group(IFN-γ:P=0.003 at 6 h;P=0.001 at 24 h;IL-4:P<0.001 at 6 h;P<0.001 at 24 h).The pulmonary conventional dendritic cell accumulation was even found to be inhibited after A.baumannii infection in immunocompromised mice(P=0.033).Correspondingly,A.baumannii associated pneumonia in mice with compromised immunity caused more early stage death,more severe histopathological impairment in lung.Conclusion:A.baumannii could frustrate the immune response in immunocompromised conditions,and this reduced immune response is related to more severe lung injury and worse outcome in A.baumannii induced pneumonia.
