This paper started by defining immovable cultural relics and landscape, and explicitly classified cultural relics under landscape. Then it analyzed the scientific value, artificial value, and historical value of cultu...This paper started by defining immovable cultural relics and landscape, and explicitly classified cultural relics under landscape. Then it analyzed the scientific value, artificial value, and historical value of cultural relics based on the angle of landscape. All these values had been changed and were indicated cultural value, aesthetic value and resource value as new values. The cultural value included identification with culture, inherited culture and educational value. The content of aesthetic value contained visual aesthetics and enjoyment. The resource value which was composed of the essence, space-time and scarcity, was revealed economic value, which was composed of environmental value and tourism value. In the following, the values of landscape and the new identified values of cultural relic were compared together to discover the connections between them. Finally, the new values of cultural relic were established under the angle of landscape which was composed of 4 degrees.展开更多
Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicato...Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.展开更多
Two years ago I had a chance to read four unpublished Sumerian texts newly housed in the Okayama Orient Museum, Okayama-shi, Japan. With the generous permission of Prof. Dr. Taksahi TANIICHI, Director General of the M...Two years ago I had a chance to read four unpublished Sumerian texts newly housed in the Okayama Orient Museum, Okayama-shi, Japan. With the generous permission of Prof. Dr. Taksahi TANIICHI, Director General of the Museum, I offer three of the texts below.展开更多
Cultural relic conservation capability is an important issue in cultural relic conservation research,and it is critical to decrease the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to rainfall hazards.Commonly used vuln...Cultural relic conservation capability is an important issue in cultural relic conservation research,and it is critical to decrease the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to rainfall hazards.Commonly used vulnerability assessment methods are subjective,are mostly applied to regional conditions,and cannot accurately assess the vulnerability of cultural relics.In addition,it is impossible to predict the future vulnerability of cultural relics.Therefore,this study proposed a machine learning-based vulnerability assessment method that not only can assess cultural relics individually but also predict the vulnerability of cultural relics under different rainfall hazard intensities.An extreme rainfall event in Henan Province in 2021 was selected as an example,with a survey report on the damage to cultural relics as a database.The results imply that the back propagation(BP)neural network-based method of assessing the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics is reliable,with an accuracy rate higher than 92%.Based on this model to predict the vulnerability of Zhengzhou City’s cultural relics,the vulnerability levels of cultural relics under different recurrence periods of heavy rainfall were obtained.Among them,the vulnerability of ancient sites is higher than those of other cultural relic types.The assessment model used in this study is suitable for predicting the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to heavy rainfall hazards and can provide a technical means for cultural relic conservation studies.展开更多
In keeping with a view that is explicitly formulated by Aristotle in his Motion of Animals, general kinetic principles must be specified according to the different types of movable entities existing in the universe. A...In keeping with a view that is explicitly formulated by Aristotle in his Motion of Animals, general kinetic principles must be specified according to the different types of movable entities existing in the universe. At issue, essentially, are the motions of the stars and the motions of animals. Whereas the cosmological immovable mover is the object of two complementary analyses （in Bk. Ⅷ of Physics and in Chs. 6 and 7 of Bk. Ⅻ of Metaphysics）, information on the immovability of the first mover responsible for animal motion is to be found in the psychological and psycho-physiological treatises （On the Soul, in Bk. Ⅰ, Chs. 3 and 4, and in Bk. Ⅲ, Ch. 10 and in Ch. 6 of the Motion of Animals）. But it is also found in Ch. 7, Bk. Ⅻ of the Metaphysics, in the very context of the argument concerning the absolutely first immovable mover of the world. This suggests that the two types of motion, that of the stars and that of animals, however distinct the arguments about them are, rest on a single scheme, and maybe even on a common principle. This is liable to surprise us, as much as stars and animals appear to us to belong to heterogeneous orders of reality. But the situation is different for Aristotle, who, as attentive as he is to differences, tends nonetheless to conceive the stars as living things of a particular kind. This fact is the source of a series of difficulties that Aristotle generously left for his many commentators to solve. Aim of this text, which was initially directed to a larger audience, is to set some of these complex issues in both simple and up to date terms.展开更多
In property transactions,there are many reasons for the debt agreement and the property registration that cause some timeinterval,which can easily lead to acts of infringing upon the interests of creditors,for example...In property transactions,there are many reasons for the debt agreement and the property registration that cause some timeinterval,which can easily lead to acts of infringing upon the interests of creditors,for example, a thing sold to different people at the sametime.Because in a number of transactions,the effectiveness of each contract is independent of each other, and this can lead to the occurrenceof credit,and each claim has the function of mutual tolerance and equality.Then set up multiple claims on the same item,the ownership of theproperty is difficult to determine because there is no priority.In order to ensure the realization of coming property rights,it is particularly importantto apply for preliminary registration to the registration authority.展开更多
Globally, culture is now a driving factor to socio-economic transformation and the effective protection and adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, particularly immovable ones, and is now an important agenda of urban-rur...Globally, culture is now a driving factor to socio-economic transformation and the effective protection and adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, particularly immovable ones, and is now an important agenda of urban-rural development and planning. Since the establishment of People's Republic of China, concerns on protecting immovable cultural heritage sites rose in the mid-1950s when many historic and cultural sites were discovered, some were even damaged, following the implementation of large-scale farmland adjustment.展开更多
Built heritage has been and is being threatened by natural and man-made factors such as urbanisation,climate change,civil unrest,and activities of extractive industries among others.These factors have led to the destr...Built heritage has been and is being threatened by natural and man-made factors such as urbanisation,climate change,civil unrest,and activities of extractive industries among others.These factors have led to the destruction of built heritage culminating in a gap in the cultural history and identity of the people.Over the years,in every country,there have been different regimes that have regulated the preservation and sustainability of built heritage sites,ranging from the traditional pre-colonial era,the colonial era and the post-colonial era.This article from the perspective of law and history,examines the trajectory of the heritage management systems over the years in Nigeria to identify necessary areas of improvements that are needed to adequately manage and protect built heritage against the identified endangering factor of urban development.From its comprehensive analysis,this paper argues that in-order to adequately manage built heritage,it is important to adopt a holistic approach that will require the harmonisation of the various heritage management systems while taking steps to document indigenous conservation methods.On the other hand,harmonisation of all heritage laws with town planning laws is essential for sustainability.展开更多
In the course of designing and developing different-purpose electrodynamical devices,electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media need to be calculated simultaneously.The solution for such tasks based on t...In the course of designing and developing different-purpose electrodynamical devices,electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media need to be calculated simultaneously.The solution for such tasks based on the electromagnetic field theory is associated with the emergence of significant theoretical and practical difficulties.The problems that arise during the calculation of electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media of electrodynamical devices using the electromagnetic field theory are examined in this study.Improved approaches toward the calculation of electromagnetic processes in electrodynamical devices using Maxwell’s equations are suggested.Notably,calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media using Maxwell’s equations necessitates consideration of the systems of coordinates where the electromagnetic phenomena are analyzed.Theoretically substantiated methods of calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media based on the principles of electromagnetic field theory are proposed.The methods consider the systems of coordinates where the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena is conducted.The effectiveness of the suggested methods for example in calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media of the turbogenerator is illustrated.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278421)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Project(2013FZ009)
文摘This paper started by defining immovable cultural relics and landscape, and explicitly classified cultural relics under landscape. Then it analyzed the scientific value, artificial value, and historical value of cultural relics based on the angle of landscape. All these values had been changed and were indicated cultural value, aesthetic value and resource value as new values. The cultural value included identification with culture, inherited culture and educational value. The content of aesthetic value contained visual aesthetics and enjoyment. The resource value which was composed of the essence, space-time and scarcity, was revealed economic value, which was composed of environmental value and tourism value. In the following, the values of landscape and the new identified values of cultural relic were compared together to discover the connections between them. Finally, the new values of cultural relic were established under the angle of landscape which was composed of 4 degrees.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171444,42301516)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project-Municipal Education Commission Joint Fund Project(No.KZ202110016021)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project-Science and Technology Plan General Project(No.KM202110016005).
文摘Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.
文摘Two years ago I had a chance to read four unpublished Sumerian texts newly housed in the Okayama Orient Museum, Okayama-shi, Japan. With the generous permission of Prof. Dr. Taksahi TANIICHI, Director General of the Museum, I offer three of the texts below.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2019YFC1520801,2019YFE01277002,2017YFB0504102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41671412)。
文摘Cultural relic conservation capability is an important issue in cultural relic conservation research,and it is critical to decrease the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to rainfall hazards.Commonly used vulnerability assessment methods are subjective,are mostly applied to regional conditions,and cannot accurately assess the vulnerability of cultural relics.In addition,it is impossible to predict the future vulnerability of cultural relics.Therefore,this study proposed a machine learning-based vulnerability assessment method that not only can assess cultural relics individually but also predict the vulnerability of cultural relics under different rainfall hazard intensities.An extreme rainfall event in Henan Province in 2021 was selected as an example,with a survey report on the damage to cultural relics as a database.The results imply that the back propagation(BP)neural network-based method of assessing the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics is reliable,with an accuracy rate higher than 92%.Based on this model to predict the vulnerability of Zhengzhou City’s cultural relics,the vulnerability levels of cultural relics under different recurrence periods of heavy rainfall were obtained.Among them,the vulnerability of ancient sites is higher than those of other cultural relic types.The assessment model used in this study is suitable for predicting the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to heavy rainfall hazards and can provide a technical means for cultural relic conservation studies.
文摘In keeping with a view that is explicitly formulated by Aristotle in his Motion of Animals, general kinetic principles must be specified according to the different types of movable entities existing in the universe. At issue, essentially, are the motions of the stars and the motions of animals. Whereas the cosmological immovable mover is the object of two complementary analyses （in Bk. Ⅷ of Physics and in Chs. 6 and 7 of Bk. Ⅻ of Metaphysics）, information on the immovability of the first mover responsible for animal motion is to be found in the psychological and psycho-physiological treatises （On the Soul, in Bk. Ⅰ, Chs. 3 and 4, and in Bk. Ⅲ, Ch. 10 and in Ch. 6 of the Motion of Animals）. But it is also found in Ch. 7, Bk. Ⅻ of the Metaphysics, in the very context of the argument concerning the absolutely first immovable mover of the world. This suggests that the two types of motion, that of the stars and that of animals, however distinct the arguments about them are, rest on a single scheme, and maybe even on a common principle. This is liable to surprise us, as much as stars and animals appear to us to belong to heterogeneous orders of reality. But the situation is different for Aristotle, who, as attentive as he is to differences, tends nonetheless to conceive the stars as living things of a particular kind. This fact is the source of a series of difficulties that Aristotle generously left for his many commentators to solve. Aim of this text, which was initially directed to a larger audience, is to set some of these complex issues in both simple and up to date terms.
文摘In property transactions,there are many reasons for the debt agreement and the property registration that cause some timeinterval,which can easily lead to acts of infringing upon the interests of creditors,for example, a thing sold to different people at the sametime.Because in a number of transactions,the effectiveness of each contract is independent of each other, and this can lead to the occurrenceof credit,and each claim has the function of mutual tolerance and equality.Then set up multiple claims on the same item,the ownership of theproperty is difficult to determine because there is no priority.In order to ensure the realization of coming property rights,it is particularly importantto apply for preliminary registration to the registration authority.
文摘Globally, culture is now a driving factor to socio-economic transformation and the effective protection and adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, particularly immovable ones, and is now an important agenda of urban-rural development and planning. Since the establishment of People's Republic of China, concerns on protecting immovable cultural heritage sites rose in the mid-1950s when many historic and cultural sites were discovered, some were even damaged, following the implementation of large-scale farmland adjustment.
文摘Built heritage has been and is being threatened by natural and man-made factors such as urbanisation,climate change,civil unrest,and activities of extractive industries among others.These factors have led to the destruction of built heritage culminating in a gap in the cultural history and identity of the people.Over the years,in every country,there have been different regimes that have regulated the preservation and sustainability of built heritage sites,ranging from the traditional pre-colonial era,the colonial era and the post-colonial era.This article from the perspective of law and history,examines the trajectory of the heritage management systems over the years in Nigeria to identify necessary areas of improvements that are needed to adequately manage and protect built heritage against the identified endangering factor of urban development.From its comprehensive analysis,this paper argues that in-order to adequately manage built heritage,it is important to adopt a holistic approach that will require the harmonisation of the various heritage management systems while taking steps to document indigenous conservation methods.On the other hand,harmonisation of all heritage laws with town planning laws is essential for sustainability.
文摘In the course of designing and developing different-purpose electrodynamical devices,electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media need to be calculated simultaneously.The solution for such tasks based on the electromagnetic field theory is associated with the emergence of significant theoretical and practical difficulties.The problems that arise during the calculation of electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media of electrodynamical devices using the electromagnetic field theory are examined in this study.Improved approaches toward the calculation of electromagnetic processes in electrodynamical devices using Maxwell’s equations are suggested.Notably,calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media using Maxwell’s equations necessitates consideration of the systems of coordinates where the electromagnetic phenomena are analyzed.Theoretically substantiated methods of calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media based on the principles of electromagnetic field theory are proposed.The methods consider the systems of coordinates where the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena is conducted.The effectiveness of the suggested methods for example in calculating electromagnetic processes in movable and immovable media of the turbogenerator is illustrated.
