Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disorder,characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated complications.Continuous glucose monitoring is a technology that continuously m...Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disorder,characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated complications.Continuous glucose monitoring is a technology that continuously monitors blood glucose by implanting microelectrodes under the skin,which is the most common method of diabetes treatment.Due to the discomfort caused by frequent blood collection through traditional blood glucose monitoring,continuous glucose monitoring has become a major research focus,mainly relying on blood glucose biosensors.In this paper,the progress of electrochemical biosensors in continuous glucose moni-toring systems and the characteristics of electrochemical biosensors in different stages of development were mainly summarized.The commonly used enzyme immobilization technology aiming to solve the problems of enzyme leakage,activity decrease,and sensitivity decline caused by long-term subcutaneous implantation of blood glucose biosensors were discussed,meanwhile,the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies were also compared.These methodological advancements provide critical insights for optimizing biosensor stability and durability,establishing a theoretical foundation for deve-loping next-generation implantable continuous glucose monitoring devices with enhanced clinical performance.展开更多
Immobilized microalgae technologies(IMTs)involve the fixing of free-living microalgae onto specialized carriers through physical adsorption,chemical cross-linking,or biological interactions to enhance cell retention,m...Immobilized microalgae technologies(IMTs)involve the fixing of free-living microalgae onto specialized carriers through physical adsorption,chemical cross-linking,or biological interactions to enhance cell retention,metabolic stability,and stress resistance.These have emerged as multifunctional and sustainable platforms for environmental remediation,extending their applications beyond wastewater treatment to include soil and air purification.This review categorizes advanced IMT carriers into three major types:(1)inorganic engineered materials(e.g.,biochar-nanoparticle hybrids),(2)functionalized organic polymers(e.g.,pH-responsive hydrogels),and(3)bio-derived scaffolds(e.g.,fungal-algal and algal-bacterial consortia).They enhance microalgal retention,metabolic activity,and microalgal stress resistance,enabling the effective removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,heavy metals,organic pollutants,and airborne particulates across diverse environmental matrices.We highlight key cooperative mechanisms—such as extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)-mediated adhesion,quorum sensing,and metabolic synergy—that underpin pollutant removal and biomass stability.Particular emphasis is placed on integrating smart technologies,including magnetic microrobots,3D/4D-printed scaffolds,and AI-guided optimization,which improve the scalability,adaptability,and environmental responsiveness of IMT systems.By synthesizing the advances in materials science,microbial ecology,and environmental engineering,this review defines the future direction of research into IMTs as a next-generation bioengineering strategy for the integrated management of water,soil,and air pollution.展开更多
The endogenous release of nitrogen and phosphorus from aquaculture sediment can continuously pollute the water quality in aquaculture ponds.In this study,an integrated bioremediation approach that combined effective m...The endogenous release of nitrogen and phosphorus from aquaculture sediment can continuously pollute the water quality in aquaculture ponds.In this study,an integrated bioremediation approach that combined effective microorganisms(EM)with aeration techniques was designed to restore contaminated aquaculture sediment.Initially,a set of laboratory-scale experiments was designed to evaluate the feasibility of the technology for the bioremediation of nitrogen and phosphorus.The removal and transformation efficiency indexes of both the overlying water and sediment were measured.From the obtained results,the combination of sediment aeration and immobilized EM significantly improved the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate from the overlying water and sediment when compared to other methods.Subsequently,a series of field-scale experiments was further implemented to assess the integrated technique in practical applications.In field experiments,the variation in the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI)and sediment biodegradation activities(G value)was used to assess the effect of sediment bioremediation.In pond II which promotes sediment biodegradation,the values of TLI varied from 70.13 to 54.16,and the classification level changed from Hypereutrophic to a Light eutrophic.In addition,the G value increased from 0.98 kg/(kg·h)to 2.12 kg/(kg·h).The organic matter(OM)and sediment thickness(ST)decreased by 17.4 g/kg and 2.3 cm,respectively.The obtained results indicated that the combination of EM and sediment aeration might be feasible and effective for the remediation of nitrogen-and phosphorus-polluted aquaculture sediment.展开更多
A novel microorganism embedding material was prepared to enhance the biological nitrogen removal through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, sodium alginate （SA） and cyclodextr...A novel microorganism embedding material was prepared to enhance the biological nitrogen removal through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, sodium alginate （SA） and cyclodextrin （CD） were used to compose gel bead with embedded activated sludge. The effects of temperature, CD addition and concentrations of PYA and SA on nitrogen removal were evaluated. Results show that the gel bead with CD addition at 30℃contributed to the highest nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrogen removal rate of 85.4% and 2.08 mg·（L·h）^-1, respectively. Meanwhile, negligible NO3^- and NO2^- were observed, proving the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The High-Throughput Sequencing confirms that the microbial community mainly contained Comamonadaceae in the proportion of 61.3%. Overall, CD increased gel bead＇s porosity and resulted in the high specific endogenous respiration rate and high nitrogen removal efficiency, which is a favorable additional agent to the traditional embedding material.展开更多
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175130)the Raised Foundation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems of Andon Health Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.000030000004)。
文摘Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disorder,characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated complications.Continuous glucose monitoring is a technology that continuously monitors blood glucose by implanting microelectrodes under the skin,which is the most common method of diabetes treatment.Due to the discomfort caused by frequent blood collection through traditional blood glucose monitoring,continuous glucose monitoring has become a major research focus,mainly relying on blood glucose biosensors.In this paper,the progress of electrochemical biosensors in continuous glucose moni-toring systems and the characteristics of electrochemical biosensors in different stages of development were mainly summarized.The commonly used enzyme immobilization technology aiming to solve the problems of enzyme leakage,activity decrease,and sensitivity decline caused by long-term subcutaneous implantation of blood glucose biosensors were discussed,meanwhile,the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies were also compared.These methodological advancements provide critical insights for optimizing biosensor stability and durability,establishing a theoretical foundation for deve-loping next-generation implantable continuous glucose monitoring devices with enhanced clinical performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202158).
文摘Immobilized microalgae technologies(IMTs)involve the fixing of free-living microalgae onto specialized carriers through physical adsorption,chemical cross-linking,or biological interactions to enhance cell retention,metabolic stability,and stress resistance.These have emerged as multifunctional and sustainable platforms for environmental remediation,extending their applications beyond wastewater treatment to include soil and air purification.This review categorizes advanced IMT carriers into three major types:(1)inorganic engineered materials(e.g.,biochar-nanoparticle hybrids),(2)functionalized organic polymers(e.g.,pH-responsive hydrogels),and(3)bio-derived scaffolds(e.g.,fungal-algal and algal-bacterial consortia).They enhance microalgal retention,metabolic activity,and microalgal stress resistance,enabling the effective removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,heavy metals,organic pollutants,and airborne particulates across diverse environmental matrices.We highlight key cooperative mechanisms—such as extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)-mediated adhesion,quorum sensing,and metabolic synergy—that underpin pollutant removal and biomass stability.Particular emphasis is placed on integrating smart technologies,including magnetic microrobots,3D/4D-printed scaffolds,and AI-guided optimization,which improve the scalability,adaptability,and environmental responsiveness of IMT systems.By synthesizing the advances in materials science,microbial ecology,and environmental engineering,this review defines the future direction of research into IMTs as a next-generation bioengineering strategy for the integrated management of water,soil,and air pollution.
基金This work was financially supported by the Central University Basic Scientific Research Funding Project(2017B692X14,2019B45214)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX17-0441)+3 种基金the Jiangsu science and technology plan projects(BE2015705,BE2017765)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Nanjing water(20130317-1)the Nanjing Science and Technology Support Project(20175044212,201716004)the Nantong Science and Technology Project(MSI2017019-7).
文摘The endogenous release of nitrogen and phosphorus from aquaculture sediment can continuously pollute the water quality in aquaculture ponds.In this study,an integrated bioremediation approach that combined effective microorganisms(EM)with aeration techniques was designed to restore contaminated aquaculture sediment.Initially,a set of laboratory-scale experiments was designed to evaluate the feasibility of the technology for the bioremediation of nitrogen and phosphorus.The removal and transformation efficiency indexes of both the overlying water and sediment were measured.From the obtained results,the combination of sediment aeration and immobilized EM significantly improved the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate from the overlying water and sediment when compared to other methods.Subsequently,a series of field-scale experiments was further implemented to assess the integrated technique in practical applications.In field experiments,the variation in the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI)and sediment biodegradation activities(G value)was used to assess the effect of sediment bioremediation.In pond II which promotes sediment biodegradation,the values of TLI varied from 70.13 to 54.16,and the classification level changed from Hypereutrophic to a Light eutrophic.In addition,the G value increased from 0.98 kg/(kg·h)to 2.12 kg/(kg·h).The organic matter(OM)and sediment thickness(ST)decreased by 17.4 g/kg and 2.3 cm,respectively.The obtained results indicated that the combination of EM and sediment aeration might be feasible and effective for the remediation of nitrogen-and phosphorus-polluted aquaculture sediment.
基金Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin （Nos. 15JCYBJC53700 and 14JCYBJC- 43700）, National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship （No. 201610057005）, Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry.
文摘A novel microorganism embedding material was prepared to enhance the biological nitrogen removal through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, sodium alginate （SA） and cyclodextrin （CD） were used to compose gel bead with embedded activated sludge. The effects of temperature, CD addition and concentrations of PYA and SA on nitrogen removal were evaluated. Results show that the gel bead with CD addition at 30℃contributed to the highest nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrogen removal rate of 85.4% and 2.08 mg·（L·h）^-1, respectively. Meanwhile, negligible NO3^- and NO2^- were observed, proving the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The High-Throughput Sequencing confirms that the microbial community mainly contained Comamonadaceae in the proportion of 61.3%. Overall, CD increased gel bead＇s porosity and resulted in the high specific endogenous respiration rate and high nitrogen removal efficiency, which is a favorable additional agent to the traditional embedding material.
