Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of ...Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of functional genomics research in foxtail millet（S.italic L.）has been quite limited.NAC（NAM,ATAF1/2 and CUC2）-like transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes,including abiotic stress responses.In our previous foxtail millet（S.italic L.）RNA seq analysis,we found that the expression of a NAC-like transcription factor,SiNAC110,could be induced by drought stress;additionally,other references have reported that SiNAC110 expression could be induced by abiotic stress.So,we here selected SiNAC110 for further characterization and functional analysis.First,the predicted SiNAC110 protein encoded indicated SiNAC110 has a conserved NAM（no apical meristem）domain between the 11–139 amino acid positions.Phylogenetic analysis then indicated that SiNAC110 belongs to subfamily III of the NAC gene family.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SiNAC110-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts.Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that expression of SiNAC110 was induced by dehydration,high salinity and other abiotic stresses.Gene functional analysis using SiNAC110 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants indicated that,under drought and high salt stress conditions,the seed germination rate,root length,root surface area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines were significantly higher than the wild type（WT）,suggesting that the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines had enhanced tolerance to drought and high salt stresses.However,overexpression of SiN AC110 did not affect the sensitivity of SiNAC110 overexpressed lines to abscisic acid（ABA）treatment.Expression analysis of genes involved in proline synthesis,Na＋/K＋transport,drought responses,and aqueous transport proteins were higher in the SiNAC110overexpressed lines than in the WT,whereas expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes did not change.These results indicated that overexpression of SiNAC110 conferred tolerance to drought and high salt stresses,likely through influencing the regulation of proline biosynthesis,ion homeostasis and osmotic balance.Therefore,SiNAC110 appears to function in the ABA-independent abiotic stress response pathway in plants.展开更多
Cell wall composition in monocotyledonous grasses has been identified as a key area of research for developing better feedstocks for forage and biofuel production.Setaria viridis and its close domesticated relative Se...Cell wall composition in monocotyledonous grasses has been identified as a key area of research for developing better feedstocks for forage and biofuel production.Setaria viridis and its close domesticated relative Setaria italica have been chosen as suitable monocotyledonous models for plants possessing the C4 pathway of photosynthesis including sorghum,maize,sugarcane,switchgrass and Miscanthus×giganteus.Accurate partial least squares regression（PLSR）models to predict S.italica stem composition have been generated,based upon Fourier transform mid-infrared（FTIR）spectra and calibrated with wet chemistry determinations of ground S.italica stem material measured using a modified version of the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）acid hydrolysis protocol.The models facilitated a high-throughput screening analysis for glucan,xylan,Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin（ASL）in a collection of 183 natural S.italica variants and clustered them into classes,some possessing unique chemotypes.The predictive models provide a highly efficient screening tool for large scale breeding programs aimed at identifying lines or mutants possessing unique cell wall chemotypes.Genes encoding key catalytic enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway exhibit a high level of conservation with matching expression profiles,measured by RT-q PCR,among accessions of S.italica,which closely mirror profiles observed in the different developmental regions of an elongating internode of S.viridis by RNASeq.展开更多
Male sterility is a common biological phenomenon in plant kingdom and has been used to generate male-sterile lines, which are important genetic resources for commercial hybrid seed production. Although increasing numb...Male sterility is a common biological phenomenon in plant kingdom and has been used to generate male-sterile lines, which are important genetic resources for commercial hybrid seed production. Although increasing numbers of male-sterility genes have been identified in rice(Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana), few male-sterility-related genes have been characterized in foxtail millet(Setaria italica). In this study, we isolated a male-sterile ethyl methanesulfonate-generated mutant in foxtail millet, no pollen 1(sinp1), which displayed abnormal Ubisch bodies, defective pollen exine and complete male sterility. Using bulk segregation analysis, we cloned SiNP1 and confirmed its function with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. SiNP1 encoded a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase.Subcellular localization showed that the SiNP1 protein was preferentially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and was predominantly expressed in panicle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes were differentially expressed in the sinp1 mutant, some of which encoded proteins putatively involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid transport and metabolism, which were closely associated with pollen wall development. Metabolome analysis revealed the disturbance of flavonoids metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the mutant. In conclusion, identification of SiNP1 provides a candidate male-sterility gene for heterosis utilization in foxtail millet and gives further insight into the mechanism of pollen reproduction in plants.展开更多
Salinity,a major abiotic stress,reduces plant growth and severely limits agricultural productivity.Plants regulate salt uptake via calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs).Although extensive studies of the functions of CBLs ...Salinity,a major abiotic stress,reduces plant growth and severely limits agricultural productivity.Plants regulate salt uptake via calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs).Although extensive studies of the functions of CBLs in response to salt stress have been conducted in Arabidopsis,their functions in Setaria italica are still poorly understood.The foxtail millet genome encodes seven CBLs,of which only SiCBL4 was shown to be involved in salt response.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in Arabidopsis thaliana sos3-1 mutant rescued its salt hypersensitivity phenotype,but that of other SiCBLs(SiCBL1,SiCBL2,SiCBL3,SiCBL6,and SiCBL7)did not rescue the salt hypersensitivity of the Atsos3-1 mutant.SiCBL5 harbors an N-myristoylation motif and is located in the plasma membrane.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in foxtail millet increased its salt tolerance,but its knockdown increased salt hypersensitivity.Yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SiCBL5 physically interacted with SiCIPK24 in vitro and in vivo.Cooverexpression of SiCBL5,SiCIPK24,and SiSOS1 in yeast conferred a high-salt-tolerance phenotype.Compared to wild-type plants under salt stress conditions,SiCBL5 overexpressors showed lower accumulations of Na^(+) and stronger Na^(+) efflux,whereas RNAi-SiCBL5 plants showed higher accumulations of Na^(+) and weaker Na^(+) efflux.These results indicate that SiCBL5 confers salt tolerance in foxtail millet by modulating Na^(+) homeostasis.展开更多
In this study,the plant biomass production,biomass translocation rates across tissues and the lodging resistant-associated traits of millet(Setaria italica L.)in North China were investigated.Among the four summer mil...In this study,the plant biomass production,biomass translocation rates across tissues and the lodging resistant-associated traits of millet(Setaria italica L.)in North China were investigated.Among the four summer millet cultivars,Baogu 19 exhibited improved plant biomass(PB)production at flowering and maturity stages,biomass translocation amount(BTA)from vegetative tissues to seeds during filling period,and lodging resistant-associated(LRA)traits compared with other cultivars,including enhanced stem lignin contents,increased anti-broken resistance(ABR),anti-puncturing resistance(APR),and stem diameter(SD)of plants.Compared with treatment regular cultivation(RC),high fertility treatment(HF)increased the plant BP,BTA from vegetative tissue to seed at filling stage,and the plant LRA traits;whereas high density treatment(HD)decreased the plant BP at plant level,plant BTA from vegetative tissues to seeds at filling stage,and the plant LRA traits.Correlation analysis revealed that stem ABR is significantly correlated with the plant lodging resistant-associated traits including APR and SD in the summer millet cultivars examined under various cultivation treatments.Our investigation indicates that cultivar Baogu 19 together with suitable fertilization and density can promote the plant biomass production,enhance vegetative tissue biomass translocation to seeds,and improve the lodging resistance of summer millet plants in North China.展开更多
Arid and semi-arid regions of China account for more than half of the country. Because of drought resistance and high nutritive value, elite foxtail millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is one of the most important...Arid and semi-arid regions of China account for more than half of the country. Because of drought resistance and high nutritive value, elite foxtail millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Evaluation of germplasm and genetic diversity of foxtail millet is still in its infancy, but prolamin could play an important role as a protein marker. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of foxtail millet from different ecological zones of China, 90 accessions of foxtail millet were collected from three major ecological areas: North, Northwest, and Northeast China. The prolamin contents were examined by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (acid-PAGE). Five to twenty-two prolamin bands appeared in tested varieties, of which were polymorphic, so prolamin patterns of foxtail millet varieties can be used in variety identification and evaluation. Structure analysis identified six groups, which matches their pedigree information but not their geographic origins. This indicated a high degree (87.78%) of consistency with a phylogenetic classification based on SSR. The results showed prolamin banding patterns were an effective method for analyzing foxtail millet genetic variability.展开更多
Eight F<sub>1</sub>-hybrid cultivars of broccoli were studied.We obtained cell division,celled colonies and p-calli in 5 cultivars,roots and shoots regeneration in one cultivar.The leavesof propagated plan...Eight F<sub>1</sub>-hybrid cultivars of broccoli were studied.We obtained cell division,celled colonies and p-calli in 5 cultivars,roots and shoots regeneration in one cultivar.The leavesof propagated plantlets in vitro were cut into 1—2mm pieces,isolated with an enzyme solutioncontaining 2% cellulase and 1%macerase on a rotary shaker（50 rpm,21℃,3h,2500 lux light）,and purified with a 0.5M sucrose solution.The purified protoplasts were placed on a drop of 1%agarose.2—3 ml liquid medium was added around the agarose drops,and all of the cultures wereincubated at 25℃ under light（4000 lux）for 16 hours.3—5 days after isolation the cell divisionwas found.About 7 days after incubation 4 multicellular colonies were formed.After 3—5 wksome p-calli were developed.When the p-calli were 2—3 mm in diameter it was transferred to asolidified medium.Once they were developed to 1 cm in diameter they were transferred on a re-generation medium.About 5 months after incubation some roots and shoots grown from the calliwere展开更多
OBJECTIVE The plant of Anchusa italicahas been traditionally used in Uighur medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China.Our previous study showed that total flavonoids from Anchu...OBJECTIVE The plant of Anchusa italicahas been traditionally used in Uighur medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China.Our previous study showed that total flavonoids from Anchusa italica(TFAI)exhibited potent cardioprotection on acute ischemia/reperfusion injured rats.This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TFAI on chronic myocardial infarction in mice and the underlying mechanism.METHODS Total flavonoids were extracted from the whole herb of Anchusa italica and were characterized using HPLC-MS analysis.The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial infarction in mice.After surgery,the mice were orally fed with TFAI at the doses of 10,30 and 50 mg·kg-1 body mass per day for a total of four weeks.Cardiac function and infarct size were measured,and the levels of inflammatory mediators were detected.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)stain and Masson Trichrome stain were performed.The apoptotic factors such as Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3 as well as the key proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS The content of total flavonoids in TFAI was 56.2%.Four weeks following the MI surgery,TFAI enhanced the survival rate in post-MI mice.TFAI administration at the doses of 30 and 50 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced the infarct size and improved cardiac function indicated by elevated EF and FS.Assay of inflammation factors showed that the sera levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased by TFAI treatment as compared to the MI group.HE stain and Masson Trichrome stain demonstrated that TFAI suppressed myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis indicated by decreased cross-section area and collagen volume.Western blot analysis showed that cleaved caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 were signifi⁃cantly downregulated following TFAI treatment.Additionally,TFAI treatment significantly suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.CONCLUSION TFAI exerts a protective effect against chronic myocardial infarction and its beneficial effects on cardiac function and cardiac remodeling might be at least attributable to anti-inflammation and suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.展开更多
Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflowe...Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflower are varieties of Brassica oleracea L.Broccoli is rich in nutrients.Its protein,amino acids and vitamins are higher than cauliflower,and broccoli is easy to grow,the supply period is long,and it has a good market and economic value.This paper introduced broccoli-related information from broccoli's nutritional value,cultivation techniques,existing problems and prospects.In addition,on the basis of existing studies,it discussed the future development prospects of broccoli,in order to promote the production research of broccoli in China.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica),a vital drought-resistant crop,plays a significant role in ensuring food and nutritional security.However,its drought resistance mechanism is not fully understood.N6-methyladenosine(m^(...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica),a vital drought-resistant crop,plays a significant role in ensuring food and nutritional security.However,its drought resistance mechanism is not fully understood.N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification of RNA,a prevalent epi-transcriptomic modification in eukaryotes,provides a binding site for m^(6)A readers and affects plant growth and stress responses by regulating RNA metabolism.In this study,we unveiled that the YT521-B homology(YTH)family gene SiYTH1 positively regulated the drought tolerance of foxtail millet.Notably,the siyth1 mutant exhibited reduced stomatal closure and augmented accumulation of excessive H_(2)O_(2)under drought stress.Further investigations demonstrated that SiYTH1 positively regulated the transcripts harboring m^(6)A modification related to stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging under drought stress.SiYTH1 was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of SiYTH1-GFP transgenic foxtail millet.It formed dynamic liquid-like SiYTH1 cytosol condensates in response to drought stress.Moreover,the cytoplasmic protein SiYTH1 was identified as a distinct m^(6)A reader,facilitating the stabilization of its directly bound SiARDP and ROS scavenging-related transcripts under drought stress.Furthermore,natural variation analysis revealed SiYTH1AGTG as the dominant allele responsible for drought tolerance in foxtail millet.Collectively,this study provides novel insights into the intricate mechanism of m^(6)A reader-mediated drought tolerance and presents a valuable genetic resource for improving drought tolerance in foxtail millet breeding.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the exc...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Project for Research on Transgenic Biology, China (2016ZX08002-002)the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of functional genomics research in foxtail millet（S.italic L.）has been quite limited.NAC（NAM,ATAF1/2 and CUC2）-like transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes,including abiotic stress responses.In our previous foxtail millet（S.italic L.）RNA seq analysis,we found that the expression of a NAC-like transcription factor,SiNAC110,could be induced by drought stress;additionally,other references have reported that SiNAC110 expression could be induced by abiotic stress.So,we here selected SiNAC110 for further characterization and functional analysis.First,the predicted SiNAC110 protein encoded indicated SiNAC110 has a conserved NAM（no apical meristem）domain between the 11–139 amino acid positions.Phylogenetic analysis then indicated that SiNAC110 belongs to subfamily III of the NAC gene family.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SiNAC110-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts.Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that expression of SiNAC110 was induced by dehydration,high salinity and other abiotic stresses.Gene functional analysis using SiNAC110 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants indicated that,under drought and high salt stress conditions,the seed germination rate,root length,root surface area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines were significantly higher than the wild type（WT）,suggesting that the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines had enhanced tolerance to drought and high salt stresses.However,overexpression of SiN AC110 did not affect the sensitivity of SiNAC110 overexpressed lines to abscisic acid（ABA）treatment.Expression analysis of genes involved in proline synthesis,Na＋/K＋transport,drought responses,and aqueous transport proteins were higher in the SiNAC110overexpressed lines than in the WT,whereas expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes did not change.These results indicated that overexpression of SiNAC110 conferred tolerance to drought and high salt stresses,likely through influencing the regulation of proline biosynthesis,ion homeostasis and osmotic balance.Therefore,SiNAC110 appears to function in the ABA-independent abiotic stress response pathway in plants.
文摘Cell wall composition in monocotyledonous grasses has been identified as a key area of research for developing better feedstocks for forage and biofuel production.Setaria viridis and its close domesticated relative Setaria italica have been chosen as suitable monocotyledonous models for plants possessing the C4 pathway of photosynthesis including sorghum,maize,sugarcane,switchgrass and Miscanthus×giganteus.Accurate partial least squares regression（PLSR）models to predict S.italica stem composition have been generated,based upon Fourier transform mid-infrared（FTIR）spectra and calibrated with wet chemistry determinations of ground S.italica stem material measured using a modified version of the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）acid hydrolysis protocol.The models facilitated a high-throughput screening analysis for glucan,xylan,Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin（ASL）in a collection of 183 natural S.italica variants and clustered them into classes,some possessing unique chemotypes.The predictive models provide a highly efficient screening tool for large scale breeding programs aimed at identifying lines or mutants possessing unique cell wall chemotypes.Genes encoding key catalytic enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway exhibit a high level of conservation with matching expression profiles,measured by RT-q PCR,among accessions of S.italica,which closely mirror profiles observed in the different developmental regions of an elongating internode of S.viridis by RNASeq.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771807)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS06-13.5-A04)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000700 and 2018YFD1000701)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Male sterility is a common biological phenomenon in plant kingdom and has been used to generate male-sterile lines, which are important genetic resources for commercial hybrid seed production. Although increasing numbers of male-sterility genes have been identified in rice(Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana), few male-sterility-related genes have been characterized in foxtail millet(Setaria italica). In this study, we isolated a male-sterile ethyl methanesulfonate-generated mutant in foxtail millet, no pollen 1(sinp1), which displayed abnormal Ubisch bodies, defective pollen exine and complete male sterility. Using bulk segregation analysis, we cloned SiNP1 and confirmed its function with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. SiNP1 encoded a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase.Subcellular localization showed that the SiNP1 protein was preferentially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and was predominantly expressed in panicle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes were differentially expressed in the sinp1 mutant, some of which encoded proteins putatively involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid transport and metabolism, which were closely associated with pollen wall development. Metabolome analysis revealed the disturbance of flavonoids metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the mutant. In conclusion, identification of SiNP1 provides a candidate male-sterility gene for heterosis utilization in foxtail millet and gives further insight into the mechanism of pollen reproduction in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001445 and 31871534)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200557)。
文摘Salinity,a major abiotic stress,reduces plant growth and severely limits agricultural productivity.Plants regulate salt uptake via calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs).Although extensive studies of the functions of CBLs in response to salt stress have been conducted in Arabidopsis,their functions in Setaria italica are still poorly understood.The foxtail millet genome encodes seven CBLs,of which only SiCBL4 was shown to be involved in salt response.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in Arabidopsis thaliana sos3-1 mutant rescued its salt hypersensitivity phenotype,but that of other SiCBLs(SiCBL1,SiCBL2,SiCBL3,SiCBL6,and SiCBL7)did not rescue the salt hypersensitivity of the Atsos3-1 mutant.SiCBL5 harbors an N-myristoylation motif and is located in the plasma membrane.Overexpression of SiCBL5 in foxtail millet increased its salt tolerance,but its knockdown increased salt hypersensitivity.Yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SiCBL5 physically interacted with SiCIPK24 in vitro and in vivo.Cooverexpression of SiCBL5,SiCIPK24,and SiSOS1 in yeast conferred a high-salt-tolerance phenotype.Compared to wild-type plants under salt stress conditions,SiCBL5 overexpressors showed lower accumulations of Na^(+) and stronger Na^(+) efflux,whereas RNAi-SiCBL5 plants showed higher accumulations of Na^(+) and weaker Na^(+) efflux.These results indicate that SiCBL5 confers salt tolerance in foxtail millet by modulating Na^(+) homeostasis.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation in Hebei Province(17826335D)Baoding Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Millet and Sorghum Industry Technology System(CARS-06-13.5-B2)
文摘In this study,the plant biomass production,biomass translocation rates across tissues and the lodging resistant-associated traits of millet(Setaria italica L.)in North China were investigated.Among the four summer millet cultivars,Baogu 19 exhibited improved plant biomass(PB)production at flowering and maturity stages,biomass translocation amount(BTA)from vegetative tissues to seeds during filling period,and lodging resistant-associated(LRA)traits compared with other cultivars,including enhanced stem lignin contents,increased anti-broken resistance(ABR),anti-puncturing resistance(APR),and stem diameter(SD)of plants.Compared with treatment regular cultivation(RC),high fertility treatment(HF)increased the plant BP,BTA from vegetative tissue to seed at filling stage,and the plant LRA traits;whereas high density treatment(HD)decreased the plant BP at plant level,plant BTA from vegetative tissues to seeds at filling stage,and the plant LRA traits.Correlation analysis revealed that stem ABR is significantly correlated with the plant lodging resistant-associated traits including APR and SD in the summer millet cultivars examined under various cultivation treatments.Our investigation indicates that cultivar Baogu 19 together with suitable fertilization and density can promote the plant biomass production,enhance vegetative tissue biomass translocation to seeds,and improve the lodging resistance of summer millet plants in North China.
文摘Arid and semi-arid regions of China account for more than half of the country. Because of drought resistance and high nutritive value, elite foxtail millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Evaluation of germplasm and genetic diversity of foxtail millet is still in its infancy, but prolamin could play an important role as a protein marker. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of foxtail millet from different ecological zones of China, 90 accessions of foxtail millet were collected from three major ecological areas: North, Northwest, and Northeast China. The prolamin contents were examined by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (acid-PAGE). Five to twenty-two prolamin bands appeared in tested varieties, of which were polymorphic, so prolamin patterns of foxtail millet varieties can be used in variety identification and evaluation. Structure analysis identified six groups, which matches their pedigree information but not their geographic origins. This indicated a high degree (87.78%) of consistency with a phylogenetic classification based on SSR. The results showed prolamin banding patterns were an effective method for analyzing foxtail millet genetic variability.
文摘Eight F<sub>1</sub>-hybrid cultivars of broccoli were studied.We obtained cell division,celled colonies and p-calli in 5 cultivars,roots and shoots regeneration in one cultivar.The leavesof propagated plantlets in vitro were cut into 1—2mm pieces,isolated with an enzyme solutioncontaining 2% cellulase and 1%macerase on a rotary shaker（50 rpm,21℃,3h,2500 lux light）,and purified with a 0.5M sucrose solution.The purified protoplasts were placed on a drop of 1%agarose.2—3 ml liquid medium was added around the agarose drops,and all of the cultures wereincubated at 25℃ under light（4000 lux）for 16 hours.3—5 days after isolation the cell divisionwas found.About 7 days after incubation 4 multicellular colonies were formed.After 3—5 wksome p-calli were developed.When the p-calli were 2—3 mm in diameter it was transferred to asolidified medium.Once they were developed to 1 cm in diameter they were transferred on a re-generation medium.About 5 months after incubation some roots and shoots grown from the calliwere
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)318(2016-I2M-3-007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673422and 81202538)
文摘OBJECTIVE The plant of Anchusa italicahas been traditionally used in Uighur medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China.Our previous study showed that total flavonoids from Anchusa italica(TFAI)exhibited potent cardioprotection on acute ischemia/reperfusion injured rats.This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TFAI on chronic myocardial infarction in mice and the underlying mechanism.METHODS Total flavonoids were extracted from the whole herb of Anchusa italica and were characterized using HPLC-MS analysis.The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial infarction in mice.After surgery,the mice were orally fed with TFAI at the doses of 10,30 and 50 mg·kg-1 body mass per day for a total of four weeks.Cardiac function and infarct size were measured,and the levels of inflammatory mediators were detected.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)stain and Masson Trichrome stain were performed.The apoptotic factors such as Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3 as well as the key proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS The content of total flavonoids in TFAI was 56.2%.Four weeks following the MI surgery,TFAI enhanced the survival rate in post-MI mice.TFAI administration at the doses of 30 and 50 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced the infarct size and improved cardiac function indicated by elevated EF and FS.Assay of inflammation factors showed that the sera levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased by TFAI treatment as compared to the MI group.HE stain and Masson Trichrome stain demonstrated that TFAI suppressed myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis indicated by decreased cross-section area and collagen volume.Western blot analysis showed that cleaved caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 were signifi⁃cantly downregulated following TFAI treatment.Additionally,TFAI treatment significantly suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.CONCLUSION TFAI exerts a protective effect against chronic myocardial infarction and its beneficial effects on cardiac function and cardiac remodeling might be at least attributable to anti-inflammation and suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
文摘Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflower are varieties of Brassica oleracea L.Broccoli is rich in nutrients.Its protein,amino acids and vitamins are higher than cauliflower,and broccoli is easy to grow,the supply period is long,and it has a good market and economic value.This paper introduced broccoli-related information from broccoli's nutritional value,cultivation techniques,existing problems and prospects.In addition,on the basis of existing studies,it discussed the future development prospects of broccoli,in order to promote the production research of broccoli in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1200700/2023YFD1200702/2018YFD1000700/2018YFD1000704).
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica),a vital drought-resistant crop,plays a significant role in ensuring food and nutritional security.However,its drought resistance mechanism is not fully understood.N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification of RNA,a prevalent epi-transcriptomic modification in eukaryotes,provides a binding site for m^(6)A readers and affects plant growth and stress responses by regulating RNA metabolism.In this study,we unveiled that the YT521-B homology(YTH)family gene SiYTH1 positively regulated the drought tolerance of foxtail millet.Notably,the siyth1 mutant exhibited reduced stomatal closure and augmented accumulation of excessive H_(2)O_(2)under drought stress.Further investigations demonstrated that SiYTH1 positively regulated the transcripts harboring m^(6)A modification related to stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging under drought stress.SiYTH1 was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of SiYTH1-GFP transgenic foxtail millet.It formed dynamic liquid-like SiYTH1 cytosol condensates in response to drought stress.Moreover,the cytoplasmic protein SiYTH1 was identified as a distinct m^(6)A reader,facilitating the stabilization of its directly bound SiARDP and ROS scavenging-related transcripts under drought stress.Furthermore,natural variation analysis revealed SiYTH1AGTG as the dominant allele responsible for drought tolerance in foxtail millet.Collectively,this study provides novel insights into the intricate mechanism of m^(6)A reader-mediated drought tolerance and presents a valuable genetic resource for improving drought tolerance in foxtail millet breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200222)the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (J242198006)+2 种基金the Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (2021BQ84)the Shanxi Province Outstanding Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Scholarship Award Foundation,China(SXBYKY 2021055 and SXBYKY2022033)the Houji Laboratory Foundation, China (202204010910001-32)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.
