Objective Acquired aplastic anemia(aAA)is characterized by an autologous immunological attack against hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells,and immunotolerance disruption is frequent,with reduced T regulatory cells(...Objective Acquired aplastic anemia(aAA)is characterized by an autologous immunological attack against hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells,and immunotolerance disruption is frequent,with reduced T regulatory cells(Tregs)frequencies and increased effector cytotoxic cells.Tregs are reduced in aAA and increase in number after successful immunosuppressive therapies.Methods In this retrospective study,we investigated the frequency of circulating Tregs by multiparametric flow cytometry immunophenotyping in non-severe aAA patients before and after immunosuppressive therapy.The samples were stained with the following antibodies:ECD anti-CD3,PE or PC5 anti-CD4,FITC anti-CD8,and PE anti-CD25,and Tregs were identified by first gating on linear parameters for lymphocyte identification and then for CD3 expression.In CD3+CD4+cells,Tregs were further identified on the basis of CD25 and FOXP3 expression.Results Although the number of Tregs tended to increase after immunosuppressive treatments,their circulating frequency remained lower than that of healthy subjects,regardless of their responsiveness to therapies.Moreover,the relative frequency combined with absolute Treg counts might be more informative in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow failure syndromes.Conclusions The persistent decrease in circulating Tregs could be the result of immunosuppressive agents that could preferentially expand other T-cell subsets.At the same time,an imbalance in immunotolerance might persist,which is also favored by chronic antigen stimulation.展开更多
ISTE为了更好地支持有效利用技术进行学习,为教育工作者和学校领导提供了一个框架——《ISTE基本条件》(The ISTE Essential Conditions)。《ISTE基本条件》框架给出了信息技术有效融入教学所必需的14个关键要素。本文全面系统地介绍了...ISTE为了更好地支持有效利用技术进行学习,为教育工作者和学校领导提供了一个框架——《ISTE基本条件》(The ISTE Essential Conditions)。《ISTE基本条件》框架给出了信息技术有效融入教学所必需的14个关键要素。本文全面系统地介绍了《ISTE基本条件》框架基本内容,并将《ISTE基本条件》与《微软K-12教育变革框架》进行比较,指《ISTE基本条件》对我国教育信息化发展具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。展开更多
文摘Objective Acquired aplastic anemia(aAA)is characterized by an autologous immunological attack against hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells,and immunotolerance disruption is frequent,with reduced T regulatory cells(Tregs)frequencies and increased effector cytotoxic cells.Tregs are reduced in aAA and increase in number after successful immunosuppressive therapies.Methods In this retrospective study,we investigated the frequency of circulating Tregs by multiparametric flow cytometry immunophenotyping in non-severe aAA patients before and after immunosuppressive therapy.The samples were stained with the following antibodies:ECD anti-CD3,PE or PC5 anti-CD4,FITC anti-CD8,and PE anti-CD25,and Tregs were identified by first gating on linear parameters for lymphocyte identification and then for CD3 expression.In CD3+CD4+cells,Tregs were further identified on the basis of CD25 and FOXP3 expression.Results Although the number of Tregs tended to increase after immunosuppressive treatments,their circulating frequency remained lower than that of healthy subjects,regardless of their responsiveness to therapies.Moreover,the relative frequency combined with absolute Treg counts might be more informative in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow failure syndromes.Conclusions The persistent decrease in circulating Tregs could be the result of immunosuppressive agents that could preferentially expand other T-cell subsets.At the same time,an imbalance in immunotolerance might persist,which is also favored by chronic antigen stimulation.
文摘ISTE为了更好地支持有效利用技术进行学习,为教育工作者和学校领导提供了一个框架——《ISTE基本条件》(The ISTE Essential Conditions)。《ISTE基本条件》框架给出了信息技术有效融入教学所必需的14个关键要素。本文全面系统地介绍了《ISTE基本条件》框架基本内容,并将《ISTE基本条件》与《微软K-12教育变革框架》进行比较,指《ISTE基本条件》对我国教育信息化发展具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。
