基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可...基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可预报性。尽管IRI系统在ENSO时间序列上可维持8~9 mon的较高技巧,但传统统计指标难以反映具体事件在峰值阶段的系统性偏差。结果表明,随着预报时效延长,预测的峰值强度普遍减弱,并呈现出显著的强度依赖特征。中等和强事件往往被低估,但弱事件更容易被高估。在模式差异方面,动力模式在再现中、强事件的峰值振幅上更有优势,但在弱事件中,统计模式的预测反而更接近观测。在峰值时间方面,模式预测普遍存在偏晚现象,并且滞后误差会随着预报时效持续累积。峰值时间偏差还呈现明显的冷暖不对称结构,拉尼娜事件的滞后程度显著强于厄尔尼诺事件。在不同模式类型的比较中,统计模式在拉尼娜事件中的峰值时间偏差远大于动力模式,而在厄尔尼诺事件中两类模式的差异相对较小。总体而言,本研究揭示了现有ENSO预测系统在峰值特征上的偏差结构,并指出动力与统计模式的互补性,为改进多模式集合策略和提升ENSO预测性能提供了科学依据。展开更多
The sustainable sourcing of novel bioactive compounds from natural sources is crucial to the success of the pharmaceutical,food,and cosmetics industries.Iris bucharica Foster(syn.Juno bucharica(Foster)Vved.)is a promi...The sustainable sourcing of novel bioactive compounds from natural sources is crucial to the success of the pharmaceutical,food,and cosmetics industries.Iris bucharica Foster(syn.Juno bucharica(Foster)Vved.)is a promising source of novel bioactive molecules,particularly phenolic compounds,which are renowned for their antioxidant properties.In this study,we developed a reliable HPLC-UV-DAD method to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in the leaves and bulbs of I.bucharica,establishing the first set of quality control markers for this species.A total of 21 phenolic compounds were identified in the leaves,with flavonoids isoorientin,guaijaverin,hyperoside,and cosmosiin,the isoflavonoid biochanin A,and the simple phenolic ferulic acid being the most prominent.In comparison,14 compounds were identified in the bulbs,primarily isoflavonoids,including tectoridin and germanaism B,and flavonoid apigenin.The leaves extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity,whereas the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects were mild.These findings highlight I.bucharica as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with potential industrial applications.However,further studies are needed to evaluate bioavailability and in vivo efficacy,as well as to optimise extraction methods to realize its industrial potential fully.展开更多
AIM:To preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation.METHODS:Fourteen patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 20...AIM:To preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation.METHODS:Fourteen patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),corneal endothelial cell density(ECD),ocular axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement,and postoperative complications.RESULTS:The mean age was 37.21±14.85(7-60)y,including 13 males and 1 female.The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32(1-10)mo.The mean AL was 24.00±1.06(21.68-25.58)mm.The postoperative mean anterior chamber depth measured was 4.07±0.75(2.61-5.07)mm.The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logMAR preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time(P=0.36).There was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative(14.14±3.10 and 13.65±3.08 mm Hg,respectively,P=0.69).The preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm^(2),and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm^(2)(P=0.21).No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients.The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94,respectively(P<0.05),and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69,respectively(P<0.05).Among the 14 patients,one had artificial iris displacement,two had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops.No complications were observed during surgery.CONCLUSION:The novel artificial iris material is safe,which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia,improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent.This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications.At the same time,the artificial iris,with its diverse configurations,variable colors,arbitrary cutting,and various surgical procedures,fully realizes personalized treatment,which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.展开更多
The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils.However,the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and i...The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils.However,the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and inter-root microbial communities,particularly their impact on organic phosphorus(P)cycling,remain unclear.This study investigated the gene regulation processes involved in inter-root soil phosphorus cycling in wetland plants,specifically Iris tectorum,following inoculation with AMF under varying concentrations of chromium(Cr)stress.Through macro-genome sequencing,we analyzed the composition and structure of the inter-root soil microbial community associated with Iris tectorum under greenhouse pot conditions.The results demonstrated significant changes in the diversity and composition of the inter-root soil microbial community following AMF inoculation,with Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,and Bacteroidetes being the dominant taxa.Under Cr stress,species and gene co-occurrence network analysis revealed that AMF promoted the transformation process of organic phosphorus mineralization and facilitated inorganic phosphorus uptake.Additionally,network analysis of functional genes indicated strong aggregation of(pstS,pstA,pstC,TC.PIT,phoR,pp-gppA)genes,which collectively enhanced phosphorus uptake by plants.These findings shed light on the inter-root soil phosphorus cycling process during the co-remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by AMF-Iris tectorum symbiosis,providing valuable theoretical support for the application of AMF-wetland plant symbiosis systems to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil.展开更多
AIM:To compare the efficacy of different administration regimens of compound tropicamide eyedrops(CTE)for pupil dilation for children with dark iris.METHODS:A prospective,comparative,randomized interventional study wa...AIM:To compare the efficacy of different administration regimens of compound tropicamide eyedrops(CTE)for pupil dilation for children with dark iris.METHODS:A prospective,comparative,randomized interventional study was conducted.Children in Group 1 received CTE 3 times with a 3min interval between each application.Children in Group 2 received CTE 4 times with a 5min interval between each application.We measured their pupil diameters at baseline(pre-drug instillation)and 30min and 60min post-drug instillation and assessed the pupillary light reflex at 60min post-drug instillation.RESULTS:In total,194 eyes of 101 children were enrolled.The changes of pupil diameter at 30min and 60min post-drug instillation were 1.2±0.6 mm and 2.3±1.0 mm in Group 1,and 2.3±0.9 mm and 3.7±1.0 mm in Group 2,respectively.Group 2 showed a larger change in pupil size than Group 1 at 30min(P<0.01)and 60min(P<0.01).The effect of pupil dilation in Group 2 was 1.25 times that in Group 1.The change in pupil size was positively associated with age.A higher proportion of children in Group 1 had smaller pupil diameter and reactive pupils at the final time point,with only 33 children(33.7%)had final pupil size≥6.5 mm,and only 9 children(9.2%)had non-reactive pupils.Children in Group 2 achieved larger pupil diameter and more nonreactive pupils at the final time point,with 84 children(87.5%)had final pupil size≥6.5 mm,and only 22 children(22.9%)had reactive pupils.CONCLUSION:Increasing the frequency of compound tropicamide and lengthening the interval between eye drop applications can produce stronger mydriatic effects.展开更多
In northern China,light and temperature are major limiting factors for plant growth,particularly during seed production and seedling establishment.While previous studies suggested a possible role for the MYB97 gene in...In northern China,light and temperature are major limiting factors for plant growth,particularly during seed production and seedling establishment.While previous studies suggested a possible role for the MYB97 gene in cold-stress,confirmation through documented evidence was lacking.In this study,we transformed the MYB97 gene from Iris laevigata into tobacco,and discovered that the gene boosted photosynthesis,photoprotection and resilience to cold.The transgenic tobacco seeds exhibited enhanced germination and accelerated seedling growth.Moreover,these plants had decreased levels of MDA(Malondialdehyde)and relative conductance,coupled with elevated concentrations of proline and soluble sugars.This response was accompanied by heightened activity of antioxidant enzymes during periods of cold stress(4 and−2℃).Exposure to low temperatures(0–15℃)also reduced heights but accentuated primary root growth in transgenic tobacco plants.Additionally,tobacco leaves showed an increased growth along with higher chlorophyll levels,net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance,transpiration rates and non-photochemical quenching coefficient.This study shows that IlMYB97(The MYB97 genes in I.laevigata)improves cold-resistance,and enhances photosynthesis and photoprotective ability,and thus overall growth and development.These findings would offer the genetic resources to further study cold resistance and photosynthesis.展开更多
Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performe...Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performed on five cultivars of I.sanguinea with varying petal colors to elucidate the molecular basis underlying petal pigmentation.The metabolomics data revealed that a total of five major anthocyanins were responsible for petal pigmentation in I.sanguinea.While two delphinidin-3-O-glucoside derivatives contributed to blue coloration in petals,two petunidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside derivatives exhibited significantly higher abundances in the deep pink petals.In addition,transcriptomics revealed a gradual increase in the expression of a large set of genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways,corresponding to the varying levels of anthocyanin content among cultivar petals.Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis further led to the discovery of molecular modules controlling petal pigmentation,in which an R2R3 MYB transcription factor IsMYBL1 was found to be associated with the accumulation of key anthocyanin derivatives,it localized to the nucleus.The regulatory role of IsMYBL1 in anthocyanin accumulation has been validated through overexpressing in tobacco and knockdown in I.sanguinea using an improved virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)approach.Finally,BiFC and Y2H showed that IsMYBL1 interacts with IsEGL3 and IsTTG1 to activate the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis,Yeast one-hybrid,dual-luciferase assays,showed that IsMYBL1 significantly increased anthocyanin contents in I.sanguinea by promoting the expression of IsANS,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,our study has provided a comprehensive molecular profiling of petal coloration in I.sanguinea and revealed key gene/metabolite networks that determine petal pigmentation.展开更多
Phakic intraocular lens implantation has become one of the important means of correcting refractive errors today.Among them,the implantable collamer lens(ICL)is favored for its wide range of correction,excellent optic...Phakic intraocular lens implantation has become one of the important means of correcting refractive errors today.Among them,the implantable collamer lens(ICL)is favored for its wide range of correction,excellent optical quality,and high safety,but the risks of postoperative complications such as glaucoma and anterior subcapsular opacification still exist.Vault is an important indicator for evaluating the safety after ICL implantation,and its ideal state is crucial for preventing complications.Studies have shown that iris morphology has a significant impact on vault.In order to further optimize surgical outcomes and improve surgical safety,this review comprehensively reviews the research progress of iris-related parameters in ICL implantation and discusses the importance of various parameters in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up.展开更多
In vivo imaging of human iris vasculature remains a persistent challenge,limiting our understanding of its relationship with ocular disease pathogenesis.Conventional raster scan optical coherence tomography angiograph...In vivo imaging of human iris vasculature remains a persistent challenge,limiting our understanding of its relationship with ocular disease pathogenesis.Conventional raster scan optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)suffers from angular-dependent contrast(including blind spots),limited field of view,and prolonged imaging time—challenges that restrict its clinical utility.We introduce a circular interleaving scan OCTA method that overcomes these barriers by enabling 360 deg high-contrast iris angiography with consistent spatiotemporal sampling and optimized motion contrast.The circular scan design enables directionoptimized sampling:we configured circumferential sampling density to approximately twice the radial density,enhancing detection of radially oriented iris vasculature.A Cartesian–polar coordinate transformation was implemented for eye-motion compensation,vessel realignment,and vasculature reconstruction.Compared with raster scan OCTA,our circular scan protocol demonstrates 1.55×higher efficiency in iris vascular imaging,featuring a superior duty cycle(99.95%versus 82.00%)and eliminating redundant data acquisition from rectangular field corners(27.3%of the circular area).This method improves vessel density measurement by 39.0%and vessel count quantification by 25.2%relative to raster scans.By eliminating angular-dependent blind spots,our method significantly enhances vascular quantification reliability,paving the way to a better understanding of ocular diseases and holding promising potential for future clinical applications.展开更多
AIM: To analyse previous literature and to formulate a management strategy for iris microhaemangiomas (IMH).METHODS:Areview of the literature in English language articles on IMH.RESULTS: Thirty five English language a...AIM: To analyse previous literature and to formulate a management strategy for iris microhaemangiomas (IMH).METHODS:Areview of the literature in English language articles on IMH.RESULTS: Thirty five English language articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion to the study and based on the contents on these articles a management strategy was formulated. Age at presentation ranged from 42 to 80 years with no sex or racial predisposition. Most patients with IMH have no systemic disease but a higher incidence had been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus, myotonic dystrophy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and several other systemic and ophthalmic co-morbidities. Most patients remained asymptomatic until they experienced a sudden blurring of vision due to a hyphaema. Some patients only develop a self-limiting single episode of hyphaema and therefore the laser or surgical photocoagulation of iris should be reserved for the cases complicated with recurrent hyphaema. In some patients, several laser photoco-agulation sessions may be needed and the recurrent iris vascular tufts may require more aggressive treatment. Iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) is useful in identifying the true extent of the disease and helps to improve the precision of the laser treatment. Surgical excision (iridectomy) should only be considered in patients who fail to respond to repeated laser treatment. In some cases IMHs has been initially misdiagnosed as amaurosis fugax, iritis and Posner-Schlossman syndrome.CONCLUSION: Owing to its scarcity, there is no good quality scientific evidence to support the management of IMH. The authors discuss the various treatment options and present a management strategy based on the previous literature for the management for this rare condition and its complications.展开更多
文摘基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可预报性。尽管IRI系统在ENSO时间序列上可维持8~9 mon的较高技巧,但传统统计指标难以反映具体事件在峰值阶段的系统性偏差。结果表明,随着预报时效延长,预测的峰值强度普遍减弱,并呈现出显著的强度依赖特征。中等和强事件往往被低估,但弱事件更容易被高估。在模式差异方面,动力模式在再现中、强事件的峰值振幅上更有优势,但在弱事件中,统计模式的预测反而更接近观测。在峰值时间方面,模式预测普遍存在偏晚现象,并且滞后误差会随着预报时效持续累积。峰值时间偏差还呈现明显的冷暖不对称结构,拉尼娜事件的滞后程度显著强于厄尔尼诺事件。在不同模式类型的比较中,统计模式在拉尼娜事件中的峰值时间偏差远大于动力模式,而在厄尔尼诺事件中两类模式的差异相对较小。总体而言,本研究揭示了现有ENSO预测系统在峰值特征上的偏差结构,并指出动力与统计模式的互补性,为改进多模式集合策略和提升ENSO预测性能提供了科学依据。
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Council(NSTC),Taiwan(NSTC 114-2320-B-037-020-MY3,113-2320-B-037-023,and 112-2320-B-037-012 granted to M.K.,113-2321-B-255-001,113-2321-B-182-003,112-2321-B-182-003,112-2321-B-255-001,111-2320-B-255-006-MY3,and 111-2321-B-255-001 granted to T.L.H.)Kaohsiung Medical University Research Foundation[KMU-Q113011 awarded to M.K.and KMU-M114020 awarded to B.H.C.]NSYSU-KMU joint research project(NSYSU-KMU-114-P16)awarded to M.K.
文摘The sustainable sourcing of novel bioactive compounds from natural sources is crucial to the success of the pharmaceutical,food,and cosmetics industries.Iris bucharica Foster(syn.Juno bucharica(Foster)Vved.)is a promising source of novel bioactive molecules,particularly phenolic compounds,which are renowned for their antioxidant properties.In this study,we developed a reliable HPLC-UV-DAD method to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in the leaves and bulbs of I.bucharica,establishing the first set of quality control markers for this species.A total of 21 phenolic compounds were identified in the leaves,with flavonoids isoorientin,guaijaverin,hyperoside,and cosmosiin,the isoflavonoid biochanin A,and the simple phenolic ferulic acid being the most prominent.In comparison,14 compounds were identified in the bulbs,primarily isoflavonoids,including tectoridin and germanaism B,and flavonoid apigenin.The leaves extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity,whereas the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects were mild.These findings highlight I.bucharica as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with potential industrial applications.However,further studies are needed to evaluate bioavailability and in vivo efficacy,as well as to optimise extraction methods to realize its industrial potential fully.
文摘AIM:To preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation.METHODS:Fourteen patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),corneal endothelial cell density(ECD),ocular axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement,and postoperative complications.RESULTS:The mean age was 37.21±14.85(7-60)y,including 13 males and 1 female.The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32(1-10)mo.The mean AL was 24.00±1.06(21.68-25.58)mm.The postoperative mean anterior chamber depth measured was 4.07±0.75(2.61-5.07)mm.The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logMAR preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time(P=0.36).There was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative(14.14±3.10 and 13.65±3.08 mm Hg,respectively,P=0.69).The preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm^(2),and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm^(2)(P=0.21).No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients.The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94,respectively(P<0.05),and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69,respectively(P<0.05).Among the 14 patients,one had artificial iris displacement,two had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops.No complications were observed during surgery.CONCLUSION:The novel artificial iris material is safe,which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia,improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent.This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications.At the same time,the artificial iris,with its diverse configurations,variable colors,arbitrary cutting,and various surgical procedures,fully realizes personalized treatment,which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.
基金supported by 2024 Guizhou Basic Research Plan(Natural Science)Project,China(Foundation of Guizhou science cooperation-ZK[2024]General 490)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31560107).
文摘The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils.However,the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and inter-root microbial communities,particularly their impact on organic phosphorus(P)cycling,remain unclear.This study investigated the gene regulation processes involved in inter-root soil phosphorus cycling in wetland plants,specifically Iris tectorum,following inoculation with AMF under varying concentrations of chromium(Cr)stress.Through macro-genome sequencing,we analyzed the composition and structure of the inter-root soil microbial community associated with Iris tectorum under greenhouse pot conditions.The results demonstrated significant changes in the diversity and composition of the inter-root soil microbial community following AMF inoculation,with Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,and Bacteroidetes being the dominant taxa.Under Cr stress,species and gene co-occurrence network analysis revealed that AMF promoted the transformation process of organic phosphorus mineralization and facilitated inorganic phosphorus uptake.Additionally,network analysis of functional genes indicated strong aggregation of(pstS,pstA,pstC,TC.PIT,phoR,pp-gppA)genes,which collectively enhanced phosphorus uptake by plants.These findings shed light on the inter-root soil phosphorus cycling process during the co-remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by AMF-Iris tectorum symbiosis,providing valuable theoretical support for the application of AMF-wetland plant symbiosis systems to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371093,No.72342015)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KZ202110025039).
文摘AIM:To compare the efficacy of different administration regimens of compound tropicamide eyedrops(CTE)for pupil dilation for children with dark iris.METHODS:A prospective,comparative,randomized interventional study was conducted.Children in Group 1 received CTE 3 times with a 3min interval between each application.Children in Group 2 received CTE 4 times with a 5min interval between each application.We measured their pupil diameters at baseline(pre-drug instillation)and 30min and 60min post-drug instillation and assessed the pupillary light reflex at 60min post-drug instillation.RESULTS:In total,194 eyes of 101 children were enrolled.The changes of pupil diameter at 30min and 60min post-drug instillation were 1.2±0.6 mm and 2.3±1.0 mm in Group 1,and 2.3±0.9 mm and 3.7±1.0 mm in Group 2,respectively.Group 2 showed a larger change in pupil size than Group 1 at 30min(P<0.01)and 60min(P<0.01).The effect of pupil dilation in Group 2 was 1.25 times that in Group 1.The change in pupil size was positively associated with age.A higher proportion of children in Group 1 had smaller pupil diameter and reactive pupils at the final time point,with only 33 children(33.7%)had final pupil size≥6.5 mm,and only 9 children(9.2%)had non-reactive pupils.Children in Group 2 achieved larger pupil diameter and more nonreactive pupils at the final time point,with 84 children(87.5%)had final pupil size≥6.5 mm,and only 22 children(22.9%)had reactive pupils.CONCLUSION:Increasing the frequency of compound tropicamide and lengthening the interval between eye drop applications can produce stronger mydriatic effects.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100500)the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572023CT18)the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(LH 2020C 044).
文摘In northern China,light and temperature are major limiting factors for plant growth,particularly during seed production and seedling establishment.While previous studies suggested a possible role for the MYB97 gene in cold-stress,confirmation through documented evidence was lacking.In this study,we transformed the MYB97 gene from Iris laevigata into tobacco,and discovered that the gene boosted photosynthesis,photoprotection and resilience to cold.The transgenic tobacco seeds exhibited enhanced germination and accelerated seedling growth.Moreover,these plants had decreased levels of MDA(Malondialdehyde)and relative conductance,coupled with elevated concentrations of proline and soluble sugars.This response was accompanied by heightened activity of antioxidant enzymes during periods of cold stress(4 and−2℃).Exposure to low temperatures(0–15℃)also reduced heights but accentuated primary root growth in transgenic tobacco plants.Additionally,tobacco leaves showed an increased growth along with higher chlorophyll levels,net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance,transpiration rates and non-photochemical quenching coefficient.This study shows that IlMYB97(The MYB97 genes in I.laevigata)improves cold-resistance,and enhances photosynthesis and photoprotective ability,and thus overall growth and development.These findings would offer the genetic resources to further study cold resistance and photosynthesis.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(Grant No.31670344)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572023CT18)the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2020C044).
文摘Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performed on five cultivars of I.sanguinea with varying petal colors to elucidate the molecular basis underlying petal pigmentation.The metabolomics data revealed that a total of five major anthocyanins were responsible for petal pigmentation in I.sanguinea.While two delphinidin-3-O-glucoside derivatives contributed to blue coloration in petals,two petunidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside derivatives exhibited significantly higher abundances in the deep pink petals.In addition,transcriptomics revealed a gradual increase in the expression of a large set of genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways,corresponding to the varying levels of anthocyanin content among cultivar petals.Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis further led to the discovery of molecular modules controlling petal pigmentation,in which an R2R3 MYB transcription factor IsMYBL1 was found to be associated with the accumulation of key anthocyanin derivatives,it localized to the nucleus.The regulatory role of IsMYBL1 in anthocyanin accumulation has been validated through overexpressing in tobacco and knockdown in I.sanguinea using an improved virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)approach.Finally,BiFC and Y2H showed that IsMYBL1 interacts with IsEGL3 and IsTTG1 to activate the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis,Yeast one-hybrid,dual-luciferase assays,showed that IsMYBL1 significantly increased anthocyanin contents in I.sanguinea by promoting the expression of IsANS,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,our study has provided a comprehensive molecular profiling of petal coloration in I.sanguinea and revealed key gene/metabolite networks that determine petal pigmentation.
基金Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan(No.2021C03103)Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(No.2023C03089)Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.Y202456401)。
文摘Phakic intraocular lens implantation has become one of the important means of correcting refractive errors today.Among them,the implantable collamer lens(ICL)is favored for its wide range of correction,excellent optical quality,and high safety,but the risks of postoperative complications such as glaucoma and anterior subcapsular opacification still exist.Vault is an important indicator for evaluating the safety after ICL implantation,and its ideal state is crucial for preventing complications.Studies have shown that iris morphology has a significant impact on vault.In order to further optimize surgical outcomes and improve surgical safety,this review comprehensively reviews the research progress of iris-related parameters in ICL implantation and discusses the importance of various parameters in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0502900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62575066 and 62027824)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011344)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(Grant No.2019ZT08Y105)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory(Grant No.2020B1212030010)the National Institutes of Health/National Eye Institute(NIH/NEI)(Grant Nos.P30EY07551,R01EY022362,and R01EY022362).
文摘In vivo imaging of human iris vasculature remains a persistent challenge,limiting our understanding of its relationship with ocular disease pathogenesis.Conventional raster scan optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)suffers from angular-dependent contrast(including blind spots),limited field of view,and prolonged imaging time—challenges that restrict its clinical utility.We introduce a circular interleaving scan OCTA method that overcomes these barriers by enabling 360 deg high-contrast iris angiography with consistent spatiotemporal sampling and optimized motion contrast.The circular scan design enables directionoptimized sampling:we configured circumferential sampling density to approximately twice the radial density,enhancing detection of radially oriented iris vasculature.A Cartesian–polar coordinate transformation was implemented for eye-motion compensation,vessel realignment,and vasculature reconstruction.Compared with raster scan OCTA,our circular scan protocol demonstrates 1.55×higher efficiency in iris vascular imaging,featuring a superior duty cycle(99.95%versus 82.00%)and eliminating redundant data acquisition from rectangular field corners(27.3%of the circular area).This method improves vessel density measurement by 39.0%and vessel count quantification by 25.2%relative to raster scans.By eliminating angular-dependent blind spots,our method significantly enhances vascular quantification reliability,paving the way to a better understanding of ocular diseases and holding promising potential for future clinical applications.
文摘AIM: To analyse previous literature and to formulate a management strategy for iris microhaemangiomas (IMH).METHODS:Areview of the literature in English language articles on IMH.RESULTS: Thirty five English language articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion to the study and based on the contents on these articles a management strategy was formulated. Age at presentation ranged from 42 to 80 years with no sex or racial predisposition. Most patients with IMH have no systemic disease but a higher incidence had been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus, myotonic dystrophy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and several other systemic and ophthalmic co-morbidities. Most patients remained asymptomatic until they experienced a sudden blurring of vision due to a hyphaema. Some patients only develop a self-limiting single episode of hyphaema and therefore the laser or surgical photocoagulation of iris should be reserved for the cases complicated with recurrent hyphaema. In some patients, several laser photoco-agulation sessions may be needed and the recurrent iris vascular tufts may require more aggressive treatment. Iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) is useful in identifying the true extent of the disease and helps to improve the precision of the laser treatment. Surgical excision (iridectomy) should only be considered in patients who fail to respond to repeated laser treatment. In some cases IMHs has been initially misdiagnosed as amaurosis fugax, iritis and Posner-Schlossman syndrome.CONCLUSION: Owing to its scarcity, there is no good quality scientific evidence to support the management of IMH. The authors discuss the various treatment options and present a management strategy based on the previous literature for the management for this rare condition and its complications.
