The future generation networks or 4G networks constitute of varied technologies converged over the Internet protocol version 6(IPv6) core. The 4G networks offer varied services over different interfaces to the user no...The future generation networks or 4G networks constitute of varied technologies converged over the Internet protocol version 6(IPv6) core. The 4G networks offer varied services over different interfaces to the user nodes. Mobility management in 4G networks is an issue that exists. The handover protocols for mobility management in 4G networks that currently exist, do not consider wireless signal degradation during handover operations. This paper introduces the Noise Resilient Reduced Registration Time Care of Mobile IP(NR RRTC:MIP) protocol for handover management. A handover decision algorithm based on the signal strength measured by the user nodes is considered in the NR RRTC: MIP protocol. A simulation study is discussed in the paper to evaluate the performance of the NR RRTC: MIP protocol. The results obtained from the simulation study prove that the NR RRTC: MIP protocol effectively reduces handover latencies and improves network performance.展开更多
分析了IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6)与IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4)各自的特点以及两者之间的区别和联系,介绍了多播技术、双栈技术、隧道技术、协议转换技术等4种过渡技术,并讨论了各种技术的工作原理。在IPv6与IPv4的互...分析了IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6)与IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4)各自的特点以及两者之间的区别和联系,介绍了多播技术、双栈技术、隧道技术、协议转换技术等4种过渡技术,并讨论了各种技术的工作原理。在IPv6与IPv4的互联通信中,尽可能地保留了IPv4,使其在IPv6环境中有效运行,从而保证了数据包的安全性。实例验证结果表明,所提出的转换协议技术实现了2个协议之间的互联通信。展开更多
IPv6是新一代Internet通信协议，具有许多的功能特色：全新的表头格式、较大的地址空间、有效及阶层化的地址与路由架构、内建的安全性、与邻近节点相互作用的新型通信协议Neighbor Discovery Protocol for IPv6、可扩展性等。作为网络...IPv6是新一代Internet通信协议，具有许多的功能特色：全新的表头格式、较大的地址空间、有效及阶层化的地址与路由架构、内建的安全性、与邻近节点相互作用的新型通信协议Neighbor Discovery Protocol for IPv6、可扩展性等。作为网络管理者，有必要加强对IPv6的了解，为以后IPv4的全面升级做好准备。展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(...The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the IoT.However,RPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information.This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction Frequency,Rank Harmony,and Power Consumption.These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous research.The UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed indicators.The effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing approaches.Notably,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment design.In terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.展开更多
PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequ...PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory) based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip.展开更多
This paper aims to compare between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, to explain the impact of the change in OSPFv3 packet format and the over load when OSPFv3 uses IPv6 packet instead of IPv4 packet format that was used by OSPFv2, a...This paper aims to compare between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, to explain the impact of the change in OSPFv3 packet format and the over load when OSPFv3 uses IPv6 packet instead of IPv4 packet format that was used by OSPFv2, and the comparison based on common OSPF packets that was sent in the same network.展开更多
Embedded computing device implementation on the Internet of Things (IoT) requires careful assessment of their intrinsic resource limitations. These constraints are not limited to memory and processing capabilities but...Embedded computing device implementation on the Internet of Things (IoT) requires careful assessment of their intrinsic resource limitations. These constraints are not limited to memory and processing capabilities but extend to the network interfaces, particularly due to the low-power radio standards that these devices typically employ. The IPv6 protocol is shown to be a strong option for guaranteeing interoperability in the IoT, mostly because of its large address space, the range of current IP-based protocols, and its intrinsic versatility. Considering these benefits, we investigate if current IP-based network management protocols can be implemented on devices with limited resources. We investigate the resource needs in particular for implementing Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) on an 8-bit AVR-based device. Our investigation reveals the specific memory and processing demands of these protocols, providing valuable insights into their practicality and efficiency in constrained IoT environments. This study underscores the potential and challenges of leveraging IPv6-based network management protocols to enhance the functionality and interoperability of IoT devices while operating within stringent resource limitations.展开更多
基金the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20050248037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50779033)
文摘The future generation networks or 4G networks constitute of varied technologies converged over the Internet protocol version 6(IPv6) core. The 4G networks offer varied services over different interfaces to the user nodes. Mobility management in 4G networks is an issue that exists. The handover protocols for mobility management in 4G networks that currently exist, do not consider wireless signal degradation during handover operations. This paper introduces the Noise Resilient Reduced Registration Time Care of Mobile IP(NR RRTC:MIP) protocol for handover management. A handover decision algorithm based on the signal strength measured by the user nodes is considered in the NR RRTC: MIP protocol. A simulation study is discussed in the paper to evaluate the performance of the NR RRTC: MIP protocol. The results obtained from the simulation study prove that the NR RRTC: MIP protocol effectively reduces handover latencies and improves network performance.
文摘分析了IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6)与IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4)各自的特点以及两者之间的区别和联系,介绍了多播技术、双栈技术、隧道技术、协议转换技术等4种过渡技术,并讨论了各种技术的工作原理。在IPv6与IPv4的互联通信中,尽可能地保留了IPv4,使其在IPv6环境中有效运行,从而保证了数据包的安全性。实例验证结果表明,所提出的转换协议技术实现了2个协议之间的互联通信。
文摘IPv6是新一代Internet通信协议，具有许多的功能特色：全新的表头格式、较大的地址空间、有效及阶层化的地址与路由架构、内建的安全性、与邻近节点相互作用的新型通信协议Neighbor Discovery Protocol for IPv6、可扩展性等。作为网络管理者，有必要加强对IPv6的了解，为以后IPv4的全面升级做好准备。
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for this research through a Grant(NU/RG/SERC/12/50)under the Research Groups at Najran University,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data.The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the IoT.However,RPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information.This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction Frequency,Rank Harmony,and Power Consumption.These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous research.The UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed indicators.The effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing approaches.Notably,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment design.In terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research and De-velopment Plan of China (No. 2007AA01Z2a1)the Na-tional Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (No. 2007CB307102)
文摘PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory) based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip.
文摘This paper aims to compare between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, to explain the impact of the change in OSPFv3 packet format and the over load when OSPFv3 uses IPv6 packet instead of IPv4 packet format that was used by OSPFv2, and the comparison based on common OSPF packets that was sent in the same network.
文摘Embedded computing device implementation on the Internet of Things (IoT) requires careful assessment of their intrinsic resource limitations. These constraints are not limited to memory and processing capabilities but extend to the network interfaces, particularly due to the low-power radio standards that these devices typically employ. The IPv6 protocol is shown to be a strong option for guaranteeing interoperability in the IoT, mostly because of its large address space, the range of current IP-based protocols, and its intrinsic versatility. Considering these benefits, we investigate if current IP-based network management protocols can be implemented on devices with limited resources. We investigate the resource needs in particular for implementing Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) on an 8-bit AVR-based device. Our investigation reveals the specific memory and processing demands of these protocols, providing valuable insights into their practicality and efficiency in constrained IoT environments. This study underscores the potential and challenges of leveraging IPv6-based network management protocols to enhance the functionality and interoperability of IoT devices while operating within stringent resource limitations.
