The ionothermal reaction between CuCl_(2),1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene(BBTZ),and(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide((Emim)Br)led to a new octamolybdate-based coordination polyme...The ionothermal reaction between CuCl_(2),1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene(BBTZ),and(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide((Emim)Br)led to a new octamolybdate-based coordination polymer(Emim)2[Cu(BBTZ)_(2)(β-Mo_(8)O_(26))](Mo_(8)-CP).Mo_(8)-CP was characterized by elemental analysis,thermogravime-try,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.In Mo_(8)-CP,structural analysis reveals that Cu coordinates with BBTZ ligands to form an interlocked 1D chain.These chains are further bridged by(β-Mo_(8)O_(26))^(4-)to construct a 3D coordination polymer.Notably,(Emim)^(+)acts as a structure-directing agent,occupying the channels of the 3D coordination polymer.Based on this unique structure,the ion exchange properties of Mo_(8)-CP toward rare-earth ions were investigated.It has been found that the luminescent color of the material can be successfully regulat-ed by introducing Eu^(3+)or Tb^(3+)through ion exchange.CCDC:2475110,Mo_(8)-CP.展开更多
intramolecular tandem rearrangement for the synthesis of bicyclic furans is reported.The reaction was initiated by an intramolecular cross-coupling of the built-in alkynyl sulfoxide and alkynyl sulfide motifs in the p...intramolecular tandem rearrangement for the synthesis of bicyclic furans is reported.The reaction was initiated by an intramolecular cross-coupling of the built-in alkynyl sulfoxide and alkynyl sulfide motifs in the presence of BF_(3)·Et_(2)O,followed by a[3,3]-sigmatropic sulfonium rearrangement and 5-exo-dig cyclization,affording cycloalkano[c]furans as final products in moderate yields with 100% atom economy.The synthetic utility of the resulting furans has been demonstrated through late-stage diversification by utilizing the alkylthio groups or the furan rings.展开更多
Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabl...Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired...The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired by the multi-stage,synergistic filtration mechanism of the mammalian glomerular filtration barrier,a novel,biomimetic hierarchical composite membrane has been fabricated via a precise layer-by-layer strategy on a polyethylene(PE)substrate.This membrane integrates a polydopamine(PDA)adhesion layer,a sulfonated Zr-MOF ion-sieving layer,and a synergistic polybenzimidazole(PBI)matrix.Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of a critical bifunctional acid-base interface(-SO_(3)^(−)…H^(+)N-)between the MOF and PBI,which densifies the structure and optimizes ion pathways.The resulting composite membrane exhibits excellent mechanical robustness,superior chemical stability,and exceptional dimensional stability.Most significantly,this architecture successfully decouples the performance trade-off,demonstrating both high proton conductivity(11.11 mS·cm^(-1))and remarkably suppressed vanadium ion permeability(2.4×10^(−8) cm^(2)·min^(-1)).This combination yields an outstanding ion selectivity of 46.29×10^(4) S·min·cm^(-3).When tested in a VFB single cell,the membrane enabled a high energy efficiency of 81.6%at 200 mA·cm^(-2),an ultra-long self-discharge time of 2700 min,and excellent long-term cycling stability.This biomimetic design strategy effectively resolves the core‘transmission paradox’offering a promising pathway for next-generation high-performance flow batteries.展开更多
Tantalum(Ta)and niobium(Nb)are key strategic metals used in the aerospace,steel,and chemical industries.Columbite‒tan-talite is the primary Ta-and Nb-containing mineral.Flotation is an effective and practical approach...Tantalum(Ta)and niobium(Nb)are key strategic metals used in the aerospace,steel,and chemical industries.Columbite‒tan-talite is the primary Ta-and Nb-containing mineral.Flotation is an effective and practical approach for preconcentrating columbite-tantalite.However,the inevitable introduction of Ca,Mg,and other ions from process water and mineral dissolution during beneficiation can significantly affect the flotation performance of columbite‒tantalite.This study systematically investigated the effects of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+) on columbite‒tantalite flotation in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.Flotation experiments revealed that,at pH=10,the addition of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)markedly suppressed the flotation of columbite–tantalite,reducing the recovery by 94.86%and 92.55%,respectively.Characterization revealed that NaOL forms a hexagonal ring structure with Mn sites on the columbite‒tantalite(100)crystal surface.However,Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)ions interfere with the chemical adsorption of NaOL by reacting with it to form oleate precipitates,which subsequently cover the mineral surface.Therefore,excess NaOL did not facilitate the effective flotation of columbite‒tantalite.Furthermore,NaOL,as compared with the columbite‒tantalite surface,tended to interact with Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)to deactivate the collector.This paper elucidates the inhibitory effects of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)on the flotation of columbite‒tantalite.Consequently,the selective removal of metal ions,such as Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+),from the slurry is essential to improve both the flotation efficiency and recovery of columbite‒tantalite,particularly when processing ores with high water hardness or containing easily leachable metal ions.展开更多
Phototherapeutic applications gain more and more interests and require fundamental progresses in interdisciplinarity research,particularly a novel topical phototherapy using ultraviolet-B(UVB,~310 nm)upconverting phos...Phototherapeutic applications gain more and more interests and require fundamental progresses in interdisciplinarity research,particularly a novel topical phototherapy using ultraviolet-B(UVB,~310 nm)upconverting phosphors.In this study,three synthesis methods with(out)sintering processes were implemented to obtain micro-/nano-size Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+)(RE=Er,Ho)particles using RE oxides(RE_(2)O_(3)),RE-nitrates(RE(NO_(3))_(3))and RE-chlorides(RECl_(3))as starting materials.Pumped by an OPO laser at wavelengths of 450 and/or 490 nm,blue-to-UVB upconversion with narrowband peak at 313 nm was effectively realized for all the Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+)powder phosphors.On basis of theoretical speculations and experimental data,a two-photon absorption process was proposed for the UVB upconversion of Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+).Moreover,the involved energy transfer(ET)from RE^(3+)to Gd^(3+),its back ET mechanisms as well as cross-relaxation between RE^(3+)(RE=Er,Ho)ions were systematically treated versus the Er^(3+)-or Ho^(3+)-,and Gd^(3+)-doping concentration.Note that the UVB upconversion intensity will decline severely as the particles become smaller to submicron and nanoscale,likely due to an increasing surface-tovolume ratio along with more surface defects appearance.All these results would greatly promote the development of novel blue-to-UVB upconverting materials,and their potential applications in topical phototherapy irradiated by blue light source.展开更多
Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosize...Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.展开更多
Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the...Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the interaction between like-charged ions,with the possibility to transform it-in exceptional cases when noncovalent interactions are involved-from repulsion to attraction.Guanidinium cations(Gdm^(+))represent a quintessential example of such like-charge pairing due to their specific geometry and electronic structure.In this work,we present experimental validation and quantification of Gdm^(+)-Gdm contact ion pairing in water utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy complemented by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The observed Gdm^(+)-Gdm^(+)interaction is attractive albeit weak-about 0.5 kJ·mol^(-1)-which aligns with theoretical estimation from MD simulations.We contrast the behavior of Gdm^(+) with that of NH_(4)^(+) cations,which exhibit no contact ion pairing in water.DFT calculations predict that the NMR chemical shift of Gdm^(+) dimers is different than that of monomers,in agreement with NMR titration curves that display a nonlinear Langmuir-like behavior.Additionally,we conducted cryo-electron microscopy-to our knowledge,for the first time-on concentrated oligoarginines R9,which,unlike nona-lysines K9,exhibit aggregation in water.These results point to like charge pairing of the guanidinium side chain groups,as corroborated also by MD simulations and free energy calculations.展开更多
Metal ion homeostasis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular functions,and its disruption can initiate regulated cell death pathways.Despite its therapeutic potential,metal ion therapy for breast cancer has been...Metal ion homeostasis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular functions,and its disruption can initiate regulated cell death pathways.Despite its therapeutic potential,metal ion therapy for breast cancer has been hampered by inefficient ion delivery and the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of cancer cells.In this work,a cuproptosis amplifier of copper-telaglenastat coordinate(denoted as Cu-CB) is developed to trigger cell ferroptosis for synergistic breast cancer treatment.Telaglenastat(CB-839),a glutaminase inhibitor,is identified as an effective copper ionophore that facilitates the formation of Cu-CB.Specially,Cu-CB can promote the aggregation of lipoylated proteins to initiate cuproptosis,while also inhibiting glutathione(GSH) synthesis and downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis.The interplay between these cuproptosis and apoptosis pathways,mediated by Cu-CB,significantly amplifies reactive oxygen species(ROS) production and lipid peroxidation,culminating in the synergistic suppression of breast cancer.Both in vitro and in vivo studies validate the superior antitumor effects of Cu-CB through the induction of cuproptosis and ferroptosis,which may provide a new insight for metal ion delivery systems and metal ion-based tumor therapies.展开更多
The flotation separation of argentite from sphalerite using ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate(ADD)was studied.Molecular simulation(MS)calculation shows that ADD is chemisorbed on argentite and sphalerite surface in the...The flotation separation of argentite from sphalerite using ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate(ADD)was studied.Molecular simulation(MS)calculation shows that ADD is chemisorbed on argentite and sphalerite surface in the form of S—P bond.The ADD adsorption on argentite and sphalerite surface in Ag^(+)system was revealed by ICP,Zeta potential and XPS analyses.It is shown that the dissolved Ag^(+)from argentite surface can be absorbed on sphalerite surface in the form of silver hydroxide,and AgOH hydrophilic colloid prevents the adsorption of ADD on sphalerite surface.The ADD adsorption on argentite and sphalerite surface in the pulp containing silver and zinc ions was revealed by adsorption capacity and surface wettability analyses.It is shown that the combined Zn(OH)_(2) and AgOH hydrophilic colloid leads to greater ADD adsorption capacity on argentite surface and stronger surface hydrophobicity than sphalerite.Flotation tests demonstrate that ADD enables efficient separation of argentite from sphalerite in the pulp containing silver and zinc ions.展开更多
Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamenta...Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.展开更多
Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas,and it plays a crucial role in energy dissipation and plasma energization.However,the exact mechanism for particle energization in turbulent plasma is not fu...Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas,and it plays a crucial role in energy dissipation and plasma energization.However,the exact mechanism for particle energization in turbulent plasma is not fully understood.This study utilizes a fluid framework,which does not rely on the guiding-center approximation,to quantitatively analyze ion energization in turbulence by using observational data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission(MMS)in the Earth’s magnetosheath,revealing the dominant role of the diamagnetic drift in ion energization.This research further demonstrates that ion energization occurs concentrated around the ion inertia length.However,in contrast to electrons,the relationship between ion energization/heating and coherent structures remains unclear and requires further research.This study provides new perspectives for understanding turbulent energy dissipation and particle heating.展开更多
Halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for X-ray detection with exceptional properties and reasonable costs.Among them,heterostructures between 3D perovskites and low-dimensional perovskites attract in...Halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for X-ray detection with exceptional properties and reasonable costs.Among them,heterostructures between 3D perovskites and low-dimensional perovskites attract intensive studies of their advantages due to low-level ion migration and decent stability.However,there is still a lack of methods to precisely construct heterostructures and a fundamental understanding of their structure-dependent optoelectronic properties.Herein,a gas-phase method was developed to grow 2D perovskites directly on 3D perovskites with nanoscale accuracy.In addition,the larger steric hindrance of organic layers of 2D perovskites was proved to enable slower ion migration,which resulted in reduced trap states and better stability.Based on MAPbBr_(3)single crystals with the(PA)_(2)PbBr_(4)capping layer,the X-ray detector achieved a sensitivity of 22,245μC Gy_(air)^(−1)cm^(−2),a response speed of 240μs,and a dark current drift of 1.17.10^(–4)nA cm^(−1)s^(−1)V^(−1),which were among the highest reported for state-of-the-art perovskite-based X-ray detectors.This study presents a precise synthesis method to construct perovskite-based heterostructures.It also brings an in-depth understanding of the relationship between lattice structures and properties,which are beneficial for advancing high-performance and cost-effective X-ray detectors.展开更多
Trifluoromethyl pyridine(TFMP)motif is commonly discovered in structures of active pharmaceuticals.Flonicamid,characterized by the TFMP moiety,is well known as a prodrug in the knockdown of pests.The azobenzene-modifi...Trifluoromethyl pyridine(TFMP)motif is commonly discovered in structures of active pharmaceuticals.Flonicamid,characterized by the TFMP moiety,is well known as a prodrug in the knockdown of pests.The azobenzene-modified TFMP derivatives have been previously reported with excellent insecticidal activities.Herein,twenty-one TFMP derivatives were designed by the introduction of carbonyl-bridged aryl groups and synthesized via a one-step synthesis using Flonicamid as the starting material.The structure-activity relationships of these compounds were well analyzed and discussed.A molecular docking study and calcium ion concentration analysis indicated that compound FC13 could have interacted with the nicotinamidase enzyme,which further influenced the Ca^(2+)influx.展开更多
Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In...Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.展开更多
Quasi-hemispherical magnetized collisionless shocks have been generated at the SG-II laser facility through the interaction between a laserproduced supersonic plasma flow and a magnetized ambient plasma,exhibiting an ...Quasi-hemispherical magnetized collisionless shocks have been generated at the SG-II laser facility through the interaction between a laserproduced supersonic plasma flow and a magnetized ambient plasma,exhibiting an angular asymmetric shock profile accompanied by asymmetric ion acceleration.We have conducted test particle simulations using the electromagnetic fields derived from 2D MHD simulations to investigate the asymmetry of ion acceleration.The simulations reproduce the angular asymmetry of the shock and the ion acceleration observed in experiments.The results indicate that shock drift acceleration is the primary mechanism for ion energization in the present quasiperpendicular magnetized shock.The asymmetric shock structure caused by nonuniform ambient plasma forms an asymmetric accelerated electric field,ultimately leading to angular asymmetric ion acceleration,which is consistent with space observations and our experimental results.Our study provides a plausible explanation for the discrepancies reported in previous ion acceleration experiments,and could contribute to understanding of the collisionless shock acceleration.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
Single-crystal GaN epilayers were irradiated with heavy inert gas ions(2.3-MeV Ne^(8+),5.3-MeV Kr^(19+))to fluences ranging from 1.0×1.0^(11) to 1.0×1.0^(15)ions∕cm^(2).The strain-related damage accumulatio...Single-crystal GaN epilayers were irradiated with heavy inert gas ions(2.3-MeV Ne^(8+),5.3-MeV Kr^(19+))to fluences ranging from 1.0×1.0^(11) to 1.0×1.0^(15)ions∕cm^(2).The strain-related damage accumulation versus ion fluences was studied using highresolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD)and ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis)spectroscopy.The results showed that the damage accumulation was mainly dominated by nuclear energy loss.When the ion fluence was less than∼0.055 displacement per atom(dpa),the lattice expansions and lattice strains markedly increased linearly with increasing ion fluences,accompanied by a slow enhancement in the dislocation densities,distortion parameters,and Urbach energy for both ion irradiations.Above this fluence(∼0.055 dpa),the lattice strains presented a slight increase,whereas a remarkable increase was observed in the dislocation densities,distortion parameters,and Urbach energy with the ion fluences after both ion irradiations.∼0.055 dpa is the threshold ion fluence for defect evolution and lattice damage related to strain.The mechanisms underlying the damage accumulation are discussed in detail.展开更多
Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing sp...Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing specialized capture vacancies with high capacity and precise selectivity for Pd(Ⅱ) ions remains a challenge.Herein,a salicylic acid-modified nanofiber(SANF),exhibiting specific spatial configuration and constructing a capture vacancy by "O-O" of hard bases,was designed and employed for recovering and separating palladium.The adsorption results indicated that the SANF exhibited a fast capture rate(reaching adsorption equilibrium within60 min) and a large capture capacity(about 170 mg/g) for Pd(Ⅱ) ions,and the capture process was exothermic and spontaneous.Additionally,the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy after tuning better matches the Lewis acidity of Pd(Ⅱ) ions,which achieves a high-selectivity separation of Pd(Ⅱ) ions(selectivity coefficient for K(Ⅰ),Na(Ⅰ) Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ) and Al(Ⅲ) ions are 1505.2,10,536.7,1128.9,2634.2 and 2873.6,respectively).Practical applications showed that SANF was enabled to recover Pd(Ⅱ) ions from spent catalyst leachate and achieved four time adsorption-desorption cycles,possessing some industrial promise.Furthermore,the matching mechanism between the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy and the Lewis acidity of the Pd(Ⅱ) ions was revealed through series characterization and theoretical calculations.Finally,it is proposed a Lewis basicity tuning strategy founded on a specific spatial structure,provides a new insight for the design and construction of a capture vacancy for Pd(Ⅱ) ions in the future.展开更多
文摘The ionothermal reaction between CuCl_(2),1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene(BBTZ),and(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide((Emim)Br)led to a new octamolybdate-based coordination polymer(Emim)2[Cu(BBTZ)_(2)(β-Mo_(8)O_(26))](Mo_(8)-CP).Mo_(8)-CP was characterized by elemental analysis,thermogravime-try,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.In Mo_(8)-CP,structural analysis reveals that Cu coordinates with BBTZ ligands to form an interlocked 1D chain.These chains are further bridged by(β-Mo_(8)O_(26))^(4-)to construct a 3D coordination polymer.Notably,(Emim)^(+)acts as a structure-directing agent,occupying the channels of the 3D coordination polymer.Based on this unique structure,the ion exchange properties of Mo_(8)-CP toward rare-earth ions were investigated.It has been found that the luminescent color of the material can be successfully regulat-ed by introducing Eu^(3+)or Tb^(3+)through ion exchange.CCDC:2475110,Mo_(8)-CP.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21971042)。
文摘intramolecular tandem rearrangement for the synthesis of bicyclic furans is reported.The reaction was initiated by an intramolecular cross-coupling of the built-in alkynyl sulfoxide and alkynyl sulfide motifs in the presence of BF_(3)·Et_(2)O,followed by a[3,3]-sigmatropic sulfonium rearrangement and 5-exo-dig cyclization,affording cycloalkano[c]furans as final products in moderate yields with 100% atom economy.The synthetic utility of the resulting furans has been demonstrated through late-stage diversification by utilizing the alkylthio groups or the furan rings.
基金supported by the National KeyR&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB3817400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.12274276 and No.U24A6002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(China)(Grant No.202403021223008)Supported by Scientific and Technology Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2024Q017 and No.2025L043).
文摘Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant Nos:2025-BSLH-247,2025-BSLH-246)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Foundation(Grant Nos:LJ212410148012,LJ242510148002)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia’s Key R&D and Achievement Industrialization Program(Grant No:2025YFHH0017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos:2025MD774148,2025M770082).
文摘The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired by the multi-stage,synergistic filtration mechanism of the mammalian glomerular filtration barrier,a novel,biomimetic hierarchical composite membrane has been fabricated via a precise layer-by-layer strategy on a polyethylene(PE)substrate.This membrane integrates a polydopamine(PDA)adhesion layer,a sulfonated Zr-MOF ion-sieving layer,and a synergistic polybenzimidazole(PBI)matrix.Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of a critical bifunctional acid-base interface(-SO_(3)^(−)…H^(+)N-)between the MOF and PBI,which densifies the structure and optimizes ion pathways.The resulting composite membrane exhibits excellent mechanical robustness,superior chemical stability,and exceptional dimensional stability.Most significantly,this architecture successfully decouples the performance trade-off,demonstrating both high proton conductivity(11.11 mS·cm^(-1))and remarkably suppressed vanadium ion permeability(2.4×10^(−8) cm^(2)·min^(-1)).This combination yields an outstanding ion selectivity of 46.29×10^(4) S·min·cm^(-3).When tested in a VFB single cell,the membrane enabled a high energy efficiency of 81.6%at 200 mA·cm^(-2),an ultra-long self-discharge time of 2700 min,and excellent long-term cycling stability.This biomimetic design strategy effectively resolves the core‘transmission paradox’offering a promising pathway for next-generation high-performance flow batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (No.91962223).
文摘Tantalum(Ta)and niobium(Nb)are key strategic metals used in the aerospace,steel,and chemical industries.Columbite‒tan-talite is the primary Ta-and Nb-containing mineral.Flotation is an effective and practical approach for preconcentrating columbite-tantalite.However,the inevitable introduction of Ca,Mg,and other ions from process water and mineral dissolution during beneficiation can significantly affect the flotation performance of columbite‒tantalite.This study systematically investigated the effects of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+) on columbite‒tantalite flotation in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.Flotation experiments revealed that,at pH=10,the addition of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)markedly suppressed the flotation of columbite–tantalite,reducing the recovery by 94.86%and 92.55%,respectively.Characterization revealed that NaOL forms a hexagonal ring structure with Mn sites on the columbite‒tantalite(100)crystal surface.However,Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)ions interfere with the chemical adsorption of NaOL by reacting with it to form oleate precipitates,which subsequently cover the mineral surface.Therefore,excess NaOL did not facilitate the effective flotation of columbite‒tantalite.Furthermore,NaOL,as compared with the columbite‒tantalite surface,tended to interact with Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)to deactivate the collector.This paper elucidates the inhibitory effects of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)on the flotation of columbite‒tantalite.Consequently,the selective removal of metal ions,such as Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+),from the slurry is essential to improve both the flotation efficiency and recovery of columbite‒tantalite,particularly when processing ores with high water hardness or containing easily leachable metal ions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62475155)the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek(731.017.302)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(23ZR1445000)。
文摘Phototherapeutic applications gain more and more interests and require fundamental progresses in interdisciplinarity research,particularly a novel topical phototherapy using ultraviolet-B(UVB,~310 nm)upconverting phosphors.In this study,three synthesis methods with(out)sintering processes were implemented to obtain micro-/nano-size Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+)(RE=Er,Ho)particles using RE oxides(RE_(2)O_(3)),RE-nitrates(RE(NO_(3))_(3))and RE-chlorides(RECl_(3))as starting materials.Pumped by an OPO laser at wavelengths of 450 and/or 490 nm,blue-to-UVB upconversion with narrowband peak at 313 nm was effectively realized for all the Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+)powder phosphors.On basis of theoretical speculations and experimental data,a two-photon absorption process was proposed for the UVB upconversion of Y_(2)O_(3):RE^(3+)/Gd^(3+).Moreover,the involved energy transfer(ET)from RE^(3+)to Gd^(3+),its back ET mechanisms as well as cross-relaxation between RE^(3+)(RE=Er,Ho)ions were systematically treated versus the Er^(3+)-or Ho^(3+)-,and Gd^(3+)-doping concentration.Note that the UVB upconversion intensity will decline severely as the particles become smaller to submicron and nanoscale,likely due to an increasing surface-tovolume ratio along with more surface defects appearance.All these results would greatly promote the development of novel blue-to-UVB upconverting materials,and their potential applications in topical phototherapy irradiated by blue light source.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3809500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJXY003)+1 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(cx2023087)The Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(No.2024TIAD-KPX0003).
文摘Micro-sized anatase TiO_(2) displays inferior capacity as cathode material for magnesium ion batteries because of the higher diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)in anatase TiO_(2) lattice.Herein,we report that nanosized anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet doubles the capacity compared to the micro-sized sample ascribed to the interfacial Mg^(2+)ion storage.First-principles calculations reveal that the diffusion energy barrier of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is significantly lower than those in the bulk phase and on(100)facet,and the adsorption energy of Mg^(2+)on the(001)facet is also considerably lower than that on(100)facet,which guarantees superior interfacial Mg^(2+)storage of(001)facet.Moreover,anatase TiO_(2) exposed(001)facet displays a significantly higher capacity of 312.9 mAh g^(−1) in Mg-Li dual-salt electrolyte compared to 234.3 mAh g^(−1) in Li salt electrolyte.The adsorption energies of Mg^(2+)on(001)facet are much lower than the adsorption energies of Li+on(001)facet,implying that the Mg^(2+)ion interfacial storage is more favorable.These results highlight that controlling the crystal facet of the nanocrystals effectively enhances the interfacial storage of multivalent ions.This work offers valuable guidance for the rational design of high-capacity storage systems.
基金support from the project“National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology(Program EXCELES,ID Project No.LX22NPO5103)Funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU".D.B.also acknowledges VSB-Technical University of Ostrava,IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center,Czech Republic,for awarding this project access to the LUMI supercomputer,owned by the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking,hosted by CSC(Finland)and the LUMI consortium through the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(Grant ID:90254)+4 种基金project OPEN-35-3.M.V.and J.H.acknowledge the Czech Science Foundation for support via grant number 25-16117S and the project"The Energy Conversion and Storage"funded as project No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004617 by Programme Johannes Amos Comeniuscall Excellent Research.M.V.also acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(ID:90254)Project OPEN-30-53.P.J.acknowledges support from the European Research Council via an ERC Advanced Grant no.101095957The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of COST Action CA21169,supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
文摘Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the interaction between like-charged ions,with the possibility to transform it-in exceptional cases when noncovalent interactions are involved-from repulsion to attraction.Guanidinium cations(Gdm^(+))represent a quintessential example of such like-charge pairing due to their specific geometry and electronic structure.In this work,we present experimental validation and quantification of Gdm^(+)-Gdm contact ion pairing in water utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy complemented by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The observed Gdm^(+)-Gdm^(+)interaction is attractive albeit weak-about 0.5 kJ·mol^(-1)-which aligns with theoretical estimation from MD simulations.We contrast the behavior of Gdm^(+) with that of NH_(4)^(+) cations,which exhibit no contact ion pairing in water.DFT calculations predict that the NMR chemical shift of Gdm^(+) dimers is different than that of monomers,in agreement with NMR titration curves that display a nonlinear Langmuir-like behavior.Additionally,we conducted cryo-electron microscopy-to our knowledge,for the first time-on concentrated oligoarginines R9,which,unlike nona-lysines K9,exhibit aggregation in water.These results point to like charge pairing of the guanidinium side chain groups,as corroborated also by MD simulations and free energy calculations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82302355,32371394)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2023A1515012628)+1 种基金the Characteristic Innovation Projects of General Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province (No.2024KTSCX120)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (Nos.2024A04J3324,2024A03J0078)。
文摘Metal ion homeostasis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular functions,and its disruption can initiate regulated cell death pathways.Despite its therapeutic potential,metal ion therapy for breast cancer has been hampered by inefficient ion delivery and the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of cancer cells.In this work,a cuproptosis amplifier of copper-telaglenastat coordinate(denoted as Cu-CB) is developed to trigger cell ferroptosis for synergistic breast cancer treatment.Telaglenastat(CB-839),a glutaminase inhibitor,is identified as an effective copper ionophore that facilitates the formation of Cu-CB.Specially,Cu-CB can promote the aggregation of lipoylated proteins to initiate cuproptosis,while also inhibiting glutathione(GSH) synthesis and downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis.The interplay between these cuproptosis and apoptosis pathways,mediated by Cu-CB,significantly amplifies reactive oxygen species(ROS) production and lipid peroxidation,culminating in the synergistic suppression of breast cancer.Both in vitro and in vivo studies validate the superior antitumor effects of Cu-CB through the induction of cuproptosis and ferroptosis,which may provide a new insight for metal ion delivery systems and metal ion-based tumor therapies.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC2904504)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education, China (No. GJJ2200864)the Gansu Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China (No. 22YF7GA073)。
文摘The flotation separation of argentite from sphalerite using ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate(ADD)was studied.Molecular simulation(MS)calculation shows that ADD is chemisorbed on argentite and sphalerite surface in the form of S—P bond.The ADD adsorption on argentite and sphalerite surface in Ag^(+)system was revealed by ICP,Zeta potential and XPS analyses.It is shown that the dissolved Ag^(+)from argentite surface can be absorbed on sphalerite surface in the form of silver hydroxide,and AgOH hydrophilic colloid prevents the adsorption of ADD on sphalerite surface.The ADD adsorption on argentite and sphalerite surface in the pulp containing silver and zinc ions was revealed by adsorption capacity and surface wettability analyses.It is shown that the combined Zn(OH)_(2) and AgOH hydrophilic colloid leads to greater ADD adsorption capacity on argentite surface and stronger surface hydrophobicity than sphalerite.Flotation tests demonstrate that ADD enables efficient separation of argentite from sphalerite in the pulp containing silver and zinc ions.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0920000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12341401)。
文摘Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Numbers 42074197,42130211,and 41774154.
文摘Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas,and it plays a crucial role in energy dissipation and plasma energization.However,the exact mechanism for particle energization in turbulent plasma is not fully understood.This study utilizes a fluid framework,which does not rely on the guiding-center approximation,to quantitatively analyze ion energization in turbulence by using observational data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission(MMS)in the Earth’s magnetosheath,revealing the dominant role of the diamagnetic drift in ion energization.This research further demonstrates that ion energization occurs concentrated around the ion inertia length.However,in contrast to electrons,the relationship between ion energization/heating and coherent structures remains unclear and requires further research.This study provides new perspectives for understanding turbulent energy dissipation and particle heating.
基金support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0217100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905006,22261160370,and 62105075)+7 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2021A0505110003)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2023JJ50132)Guangxi Department of Science and Technology(2020GXNSFBA159049 and AD19110030)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(SGDX20230116093205009,JCYJ20220818100211025 and 2022378670)the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(GDRC202343)financial support of Innovation and Technology Fund(#GHP/245/22SZ)The University Grant Council of the University of Hong Kong(grant No.2302101786)General Research Fund(grant Nos.17200823 and 17310624)from the Research Grants Council.
文摘Halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for X-ray detection with exceptional properties and reasonable costs.Among them,heterostructures between 3D perovskites and low-dimensional perovskites attract intensive studies of their advantages due to low-level ion migration and decent stability.However,there is still a lack of methods to precisely construct heterostructures and a fundamental understanding of their structure-dependent optoelectronic properties.Herein,a gas-phase method was developed to grow 2D perovskites directly on 3D perovskites with nanoscale accuracy.In addition,the larger steric hindrance of organic layers of 2D perovskites was proved to enable slower ion migration,which resulted in reduced trap states and better stability.Based on MAPbBr_(3)single crystals with the(PA)_(2)PbBr_(4)capping layer,the X-ray detector achieved a sensitivity of 22,245μC Gy_(air)^(−1)cm^(−2),a response speed of 240μs,and a dark current drift of 1.17.10^(–4)nA cm^(−1)s^(−1)V^(−1),which were among the highest reported for state-of-the-art perovskite-based X-ray detectors.This study presents a precise synthesis method to construct perovskite-based heterostructures.It also brings an in-depth understanding of the relationship between lattice structures and properties,which are beneficial for advancing high-performance and cost-effective X-ray detectors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472610,32402439,32072441)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200100)+3 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-02-E00037)Tobacco and Health funding program(2022539200340111)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)the project of National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University(SKL-GPL-KF202405).
文摘Trifluoromethyl pyridine(TFMP)motif is commonly discovered in structures of active pharmaceuticals.Flonicamid,characterized by the TFMP moiety,is well known as a prodrug in the knockdown of pests.The azobenzene-modified TFMP derivatives have been previously reported with excellent insecticidal activities.Herein,twenty-one TFMP derivatives were designed by the introduction of carbonyl-bridged aryl groups and synthesized via a one-step synthesis using Flonicamid as the starting material.The structure-activity relationships of these compounds were well analyzed and discussed.A molecular docking study and calcium ion concentration analysis indicated that compound FC13 could have interacted with the nicotinamidase enzyme,which further influenced the Ca^(2+)influx.
基金the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301864 and 32472114)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2025QC16 and Y2025CG06)。
文摘Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12205298 and 12175230)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.LH2024A010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Controversial and Disruptive Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.FGSDFX-0001)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2140002006).
文摘Quasi-hemispherical magnetized collisionless shocks have been generated at the SG-II laser facility through the interaction between a laserproduced supersonic plasma flow and a magnetized ambient plasma,exhibiting an angular asymmetric shock profile accompanied by asymmetric ion acceleration.We have conducted test particle simulations using the electromagnetic fields derived from 2D MHD simulations to investigate the asymmetry of ion acceleration.The simulations reproduce the angular asymmetry of the shock and the ion acceleration observed in experiments.The results indicate that shock drift acceleration is the primary mechanism for ion energization in the present quasiperpendicular magnetized shock.The asymmetric shock structure caused by nonuniform ambient plasma forms an asymmetric accelerated electric field,ultimately leading to angular asymmetric ion acceleration,which is consistent with space observations and our experimental results.Our study provides a plausible explanation for the discrepancies reported in previous ion acceleration experiments,and could contribute to understanding of the collisionless shock acceleration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金supported by the Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11675231)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022YFG0263 and 2024NSFSC1097)the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for talents(Nos.21zx7109 and 22zx7175,24ycx1005).
文摘Single-crystal GaN epilayers were irradiated with heavy inert gas ions(2.3-MeV Ne^(8+),5.3-MeV Kr^(19+))to fluences ranging from 1.0×1.0^(11) to 1.0×1.0^(15)ions∕cm^(2).The strain-related damage accumulation versus ion fluences was studied using highresolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD)and ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis)spectroscopy.The results showed that the damage accumulation was mainly dominated by nuclear energy loss.When the ion fluence was less than∼0.055 displacement per atom(dpa),the lattice expansions and lattice strains markedly increased linearly with increasing ion fluences,accompanied by a slow enhancement in the dislocation densities,distortion parameters,and Urbach energy for both ion irradiations.Above this fluence(∼0.055 dpa),the lattice strains presented a slight increase,whereas a remarkable increase was observed in the dislocation densities,distortion parameters,and Urbach energy with the ion fluences after both ion irradiations.∼0.055 dpa is the threshold ion fluence for defect evolution and lattice damage related to strain.The mechanisms underlying the damage accumulation are discussed in detail.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0103)Anhui Province Applied Peak Cultivation Discipline(No.XK-XJGF005)+1 种基金Anhui Province Quartz Sand Purification and Photovoltaic Glass Engineering Research Center(No.[2022]547-49)the Key research and development projects of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC010903).
文摘Recovery of palladium from spent catalysts is of great practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization and resource recycling.However,for environmentally friendly adsorption methods,designing specialized capture vacancies with high capacity and precise selectivity for Pd(Ⅱ) ions remains a challenge.Herein,a salicylic acid-modified nanofiber(SANF),exhibiting specific spatial configuration and constructing a capture vacancy by "O-O" of hard bases,was designed and employed for recovering and separating palladium.The adsorption results indicated that the SANF exhibited a fast capture rate(reaching adsorption equilibrium within60 min) and a large capture capacity(about 170 mg/g) for Pd(Ⅱ) ions,and the capture process was exothermic and spontaneous.Additionally,the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy after tuning better matches the Lewis acidity of Pd(Ⅱ) ions,which achieves a high-selectivity separation of Pd(Ⅱ) ions(selectivity coefficient for K(Ⅰ),Na(Ⅰ) Ca(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ) and Al(Ⅲ) ions are 1505.2,10,536.7,1128.9,2634.2 and 2873.6,respectively).Practical applications showed that SANF was enabled to recover Pd(Ⅱ) ions from spent catalyst leachate and achieved four time adsorption-desorption cycles,possessing some industrial promise.Furthermore,the matching mechanism between the Lewis basicity of the capture vacancy and the Lewis acidity of the Pd(Ⅱ) ions was revealed through series characterization and theoretical calculations.Finally,it is proposed a Lewis basicity tuning strategy founded on a specific spatial structure,provides a new insight for the design and construction of a capture vacancy for Pd(Ⅱ) ions in the future.
