Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for as...Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for assessing iodine nutritional status is essential for evaluating iodine intake.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)is commonly used for population level iodine status assessment but is less reliable for individuals.A 24-h urine sample is more accurate but difficult to collect[1].Thyroid volume(Tvol)and goiter rate are suitable for evaluating the long-term iodine nutritional status in populations[2].Blood indicator collection is an invasive procedure.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 ...Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.展开更多
Background:To evaluate sex‐related differences in the risk factors associated with nonhealing or recurrence of hyper-thyroidism(NHRH)in patients with Graves'disease(GD)treated with radioactive iodine.Methods:In t...Background:To evaluate sex‐related differences in the risk factors associated with nonhealing or recurrence of hyper-thyroidism(NHRH)in patients with Graves'disease(GD)treated with radioactive iodine.Methods:In total,285 patients were enrolled.Data on radioactive iodine(RAI)dosage,ultrasound indexes of the thyroid,and other clinical factors were collected.Patients were divided into NHRH and non‐NHRH(hypothyroidism or euthyroidism)groups based on treatment outcomes.Univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with NHRH.Sex‐specific analyses of these risk factors were also conducted.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,thyroid shear wave elastography velocity values,or pretreatment serum free thyroxine(FT4)levels.Thyroid volume and age were independently associated with NHRH,with the odds of NHRH gradually decreasing as age increased.In subgroup analyses,both age and thyroid volume were independent risk factors for NHRH in female patients(p<0.05),while in male patients,only FT4 was independently associated with NHRH(p<0.05).Conclusions:In patients of different sexes,the influence of thyroid volume,age,and FT4 on treatment outcomes exhibits distinct patterns.展开更多
Groundwater is the main water supply source in the Tarim Basin in China.Endemic disease caused by high iodine(I)groundwater in the Tarim Basin was reported previously.Therefore,it is crucial to systematically identify...Groundwater is the main water supply source in the Tarim Basin in China.Endemic disease caused by high iodine(I)groundwater in the Tarim Basin was reported previously.Therefore,it is crucial to systematically identify the distribution and genesis of groundwater I.Based on hydrochemical analysis of 717 groundwater samples collected in 2015–2018,spatial distribution and hydrogeochemistry characteristic of high I groundwater in different aquifers were analyzed.Results showed that groundwater I ranged between<10.00 and 4000.00μg/L(mean of 53.71μg/L).High I groundwater(I>100.00μg/L)accounted for 7.25%of the total samples.Horizontally,groundwater I significantly increased from recharge zone(RZ)to transition zone(TZ)and to evaporation zone(EZ).Vertically,groundwater in shallow confined aquifer(SCA)had the greatest I concentration,followed by single-structure phreatic aquifer(SSPA),phreatic aquifer in confined groundwater area(PACGA),while groundwater in deep confined aquifer(DCA)generally had low I concentration.Groundwater I enrichment in SSPA was mainly affected by organic matter(OM)decomposition and that in SCA was mainly affected by evaporite mineral dissolution,OM decomposition under alkaline environment.While I enrichment in groundwater of PACGA was restrained under neutral environment.Lacustrine sedimentary environment was crucial for I enrichment in groundwater.Besides,fine-grained lithology of aquifer,smooth topographic slope,shallow buried depth of groundwater,weak alkaline and reducing environment,reductive dissolution of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals and OM decomposition were advantageous to I enrichment in groundwater.展开更多
Radioactive iodine(RAI)therapy remains a cornerstone in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).The therapeutic efficacy of RAI depends on thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-driven uptake via the sodium-iod...Radioactive iodine(RAI)therapy remains a cornerstone in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).The therapeutic efficacy of RAI depends on thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-driven uptake via the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS).Although elevated TSH levels are routinely achieved before RAI administration,the circadian rhythm of TSH,which peaks overnight,is largely overlooked in treatment protocols.Aligning RAI administration with this physiological peak,particularly through evening dosing,may enhance iodine uptake,improve therapeutic efficacy,and reduce systemic exposure.Preclinical data and the known circadian regulation of TSH and NIS support this approach,although clinical validation is lacking.Evening dosing may also improve patient convenience and clinic workflow.However,logistical challenges and the absence of human trials present barriers to implementation.In this narrative review,we synthesize current evidence and tentatively propose the chronotherapeutic alignment of RAI timing as a novel,potentially impactful optimization strategy in DTC management.Prospective studies are needed to evaluate its clinical benefits and feasibility.展开更多
Currently,iodine-compatible cathodes for iodine propulsion systems that can provide ampere-level electron currents with a reasonable power consumption are lacking.In this study,a conventional LaB_(6)hollow cathode mad...Currently,iodine-compatible cathodes for iodine propulsion systems that can provide ampere-level electron currents with a reasonable power consumption are lacking.In this study,a conventional LaB_(6)hollow cathode made with iodine-resistant materials was designed and tested in an iodine-compatible vacuum facility.The ignition characteristics,the V-I(Volt-Ampere characteristic)curve,and long steady-state discharge sequence of the iodine hollow cathode were analyzed and compared with those using a krypton propellant.After the experiment,the composition of the cathode emitter was studied by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that ignition takes>10 s to reach a steady state,and the discharge voltage of the iodine was 25-95 V higher than that of krypton.According to the EDS results,this was mainly caused by emitter contamination with iron from the stainless-steel components of the cathode and oxygen from the iodine feed system.The iodine hollow cathode achieved a cumulative 12.5 h stable discharge,with the longest single discharge of 5 h and a 3%change in the inner diameter of the emitter.展开更多
With the rapid development of nuclear energy,the removal of radioactive iodine generated during spent fuel reprocessing has become increasingly important.Based on the unique straw-like structure of populus tomentosa f...With the rapid development of nuclear energy,the removal of radioactive iodine generated during spent fuel reprocessing has become increasingly important.Based on the unique straw-like structure of populus tomentosa fiber(PTF)and the highly active iodine vapor capture ability of zero-valent silver nanoparticles(PTF@Ag^(0)NP),an Ag^(0)NP composite functional material with highly efficient iodine vapor capture capability was synthesized from biowaste PTF through ultrasonic and hightemperature hydrothermal methods in this study.The iodine capture experiment demonstrated that PTF@Ag^(0)NP exhibits rapid iodine capture efficiency,reaching dynamic equilibrium within 4 h and a maximum capture capacity of 1008.1 mg/g.Density functional theory calculations show that PTF@Ag^(0)NP exhibits extremely high chemical reactivity toward iodine,with a reaction binding energy of-2.88 e V.Additionally,the molecular dynamics of PTF@Ag^(0)NP indicate that there is no atomic displacement at 77?C,indicating the excellent temperature stability of the material at the operating temperature.The capture mechanism suggests that iodine vapor primarily reacts with Ag^(0)NP to form Ag I,and that the hydroxyl groups in PTF can also effectively capture iodine vapor by adsorption induction.In conclusion,PTF@Ag^(0)NP is expected to be an effective candidate adsorbent material for removing radioactive iodine vapor from exhaust gases during spent fuel reprocessing.展开更多
Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of fligh...Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of flight personnel but also have negative impacts on the aviation safety and combat effectiveness of troops.It has been confirmed that the occurrence and progression of thyroid diseases are closely linked to dietary iodine intake.Studies have manifested that long-term excessive or insufficient iodine intake can lead to thyroid diseases[2,3].展开更多
Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by sch...Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.展开更多
Objective To evaluate dietary iodine intake and its potential risks among the Chinese population Methods Individual dietary iodine intake was calculated using food consumption data multiplying by iodine concentration ...Objective To evaluate dietary iodine intake and its potential risks among the Chinese population Methods Individual dietary iodine intake was calculated using food consumption data multiplying by iodine concentration in foods, table salt and drinking water, followed by summing, and then compared with the corresponding age-specific reference values, including Upper Intake Level （UL） and Recommended Nutrient Intake （RNI）. Results In areas with water iodine concentration （Wl） lower than 150 ug/L, 80.8% of residents had iodine intake between the RNI and UL, 5.8% higher than UL, and the remaining （13.4%） lower than RNI if iodized salt was consumed. However, in the uniodized salt consumption scenario, only 1.0% of residents between RNI and UL, 1.4% higher than UL, and a large part of residents （97.6%） lower than RNI. In areas with Wl higher than 150 ug/L ,all residents had iodine intake between RNI and UL if iodized salt was consumed, except 10.5% and 24.9% of residents higher than UL in areas with Wl at 150-300 ug/L and higher than 300 ug/L respectively. However, in the uniodized salt consumption scenario, only 1.5% and 1.7% of residents had higher iodine intake than UL respectively. Conclusion The findings suggested that in general, the dietary iodine intake by the Chinese population was appropriate and safe at the present stage. People in areas with WI lower than 150 ug/L were more likely to have iodine deficiency. While people in areas with WI higher than 150 ug/L were more likely to have excessive iodine intake if iodized salt was consumed.展开更多
Objective We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） in areas at high risk of IDD; ...Objective We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine （UI） concentrations between children living in the two areas. Methods Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization （WHO） standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves. Results The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards （5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively）, whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess. Conclusion Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the thyroglobulin （Tg） level in adults as a nutritiona biomarker of iodine status and to identify the factors related to the serum Tg level. Methods A cross-sectional study wa...Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the thyroglobulin （Tg） level in adults as a nutritiona biomarker of iodine status and to identify the factors related to the serum Tg level. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult populations of areas differing in iodine nutrition from three provinces （Autonomous Region） in China. Serum levels of thyroid hormones and Tg as well as thyroid autoantibodies were measured. The thyroid volume and nodule were measured by ultrasound. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess iodine intake and other indeterminate factors associated with the serum Tg level. Results A total of 573 adults were recruited for this study. The serum Tg levels differed significantly among the three groups （22.27 ~g/L, 9.73 pg/L and 15.77 pg/L in the excess, more-than-adequate, and deficient groups, respectively）. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis indicate that excess and deficient iodine intake, goiter, thyroid nodule, hypothyroidism are significantly related with higher Tg level, and TgAb positivity is significantly related with lower serum Tg. Conclusion The serum Tg level reflects abnormal thyroid function and is a sensitive functiona biomarker of iodine nutrition status.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine as one kind of disinfectants for aquaculture on Aeromonas.[Method] With the standard strain of Aeromo...[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine as one kind of disinfectants for aquaculture on Aeromonas.[Method] With the standard strain of Aeromonas ATCC7966 and the Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish or aquatic environment as the tested strains,the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine was studied by double broth dilution method.[Result] The povidone iodine could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas strains at lower concentration,and killed Aeromonas strains at higher concentration.The minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on Aeromonas sp.T1,Aeromonas sp T2 and Aeromonas sp.T4 was 125.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 4.00 g/L.Whereas,the minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on ATCC7966,Aeromonas sp.T3,Aeromonas sp T5 and Aeromonas sp.T6 was 250.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 8.00 g/L.[Conclusion] This study provides certain basis for reasonable application of povidone iodine.展开更多
To prevent iodine deficiency disorders,the universal salt iodization programme has been introduced all over the globe,including environmentally iodine sufficient regions irrespective of their iodine status.As a result...To prevent iodine deficiency disorders,the universal salt iodization programme has been introduced all over the globe,including environmentally iodine sufficient regions irrespective of their iodine status.As a result,iodine-induced thyroid dysfunctions namely hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,autoimmune thyroid diseases,endemic goiter and even thyroid cancer including infertility,still births,abortions and embryo toxicity have emerged as a major public health problem.In other words,the consequence of iodine deficiency and excess is almost‘U’-shaped.Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency affects reproductive functions of organisms;however,such undesirable effects of iodine overload on male gonadal physiology together with hormonal profiles are yet to be adequately explored.The discovery of iodide transporter in the testis justifies an independent role of iodine in male reproductive function,which is not entirely known.Recent studies on human subjects and animal models are now revealing further perceptions into the effect of excess iodine on male infertility with euthyroid status.Excess iodine exposure has been linked with deterioration of structural and functional changes of testis leading to compromised spermatogenesis by affecting various cellular and molecular signaling pathways culminating into disrupted the blood-testis barrier and cytoskeleton.This review provides an update and summarizes various novel insights of excess iodine exposure on reproduction by establishing the independent role of iodine on male reproductive endocrinology,which might help in formulating future strategies to prevent iodine-induced male infertility,an emerging global concern,especially in the post-salt iodization era.展开更多
Factors affecting the stability of iodine in soil by Chloramine T-Tetrabase system were studied. The results showed that good measurement stability could be achieved by adding ascorbic acid.
The relationship mechanism between the material pore structures and cathodic iodine chemistry plays a vital role in efficient Zn-I_(2) batteries,but is unclear,retarding further advances.This work innovatively indicat...The relationship mechanism between the material pore structures and cathodic iodine chemistry plays a vital role in efficient Zn-I_(2) batteries,but is unclear,retarding further advances.This work innovatively indicates a great contribution of∼2.5nm pore structure of nanocarbons to efficient iodine adsorption,rapid I^(−)↔I_(2) conversion,and polyiodide inhibition,via scrupulously designing catalysts with controllable pore sizes systematically.The I_(2)-loading within the designed nitrogen-doped nanocarbons can reach up to as high as 60.8 wt%.The batteries based on the cathode deliver impressive performances with a large capacity of 178.8 mAh/g and long-term cycling stability more than 4000 h at 5.0 C.Notably,these is no polyiodide such as I_(3)−and I_(5)−detected during the charge-discharge processes from comprehensive electrochemical cyclic voltammetry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Raman technique.This work provides a novel knowledge-guided concept for rational pore design,promising better Zn-I_(2) batteries,which is also hoped to benefit other advanced energy technologies,such as Li-S,Li-ion,and Al-I_(2) batteries.展开更多
Iodine species collected by an onboard PM10 particle sampling system during the Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition （July-September 2003） were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectromet...Iodine species collected by an onboard PM10 particle sampling system during the Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition （July-September 2003） were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Iodine （I^-） was detected in all samples over the Arctic Ocean, whereas additional iodine species including insoluble iodine, soluble organic iodine plus I were detected over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The results suggest that the main form of iodine is different within the Arctic Ocean than it is outside. Enrichment factor values showed moderate enrichment of iodine in the northwestern Pacific, whereas a high enrichment factor was found in polar regions, implying sources other than sea salt. A potential explanation was ascribed to the role of sea ice melt in the Arctic and rapid growth of algae in seawater, which enhances the production of iodocarbon and air-sea exchange. This was confirmed by the larger values of total iodine in 2008 than in 2003, with greater sea ice melt in the former year. In comparison with earlier reports, ratios of iodate to iodide （IO3^-/I^-） were much smaller than 1,0. These ratios were also different from modeling results, implying more complicated cycles of atmospheric iodine than are presently understood.展开更多
We investigated dissolved iodine species in seawater from the northern South China Sea Shelf.Iodide concentrations were determined by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry,and iodate was measured by spectrophotom...We investigated dissolved iodine species in seawater from the northern South China Sea Shelf.Iodide concentrations were determined by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry,and iodate was measured by spectrophotometry.Dissolved organic iodine(DOI)was measured with reference to reduced iodide.R-TDI(R-X or rationalized-X is the concentration of X normalized to a salinity of 35,TDI represents total dissolved iodine)was in the range of 0.43–0.46μmol/L,showing a relatively conservative behavior,while iodate,iodide,and DOI showed non-conservative behaviors.Distribution characteristics in the surface waters showed R-iodate values in the 0.28–0.32μmol/L range and an offshore>inshore trend,while R-iodide was in the 0.11–0.19μmol/L range and R-DOI in the 0–0.07μmol/L range,reflecting an inshore>offshore trend for both.The vertical distribution showed the highest R-iodide concentrations in the surface waters and decreased values with depth,reaching less than0.01μmol/L at depths>200 m.R-iodate increased with depth with a measured peak value of 0.43μmol/L.Seawater with high iodate/iodide ratio(up to 2.9)was found in the central upwelling region and gradually decreased to 2.0 far from this center.The relationship between R-iodide and R-iodate among all samples followed the 1:1 relationship with a slope slightly less than 1,indicating that the conversion between iodate and iodide species could not account for the observed changes.This finding also suggests that DOI may be an important participant in the mass balance.A box model was applied to calculate the input and output of iodine species,and the result showed that approximately 8%of iodate(1.50×10~8 mol/a)imported to the shelf sea was reduced.Concomitantly,the amount of iodide and DOI produced in the shelf amounted to 1.07×10~8 mol/a,roughly 14%higher than the input iodide.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use...Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use of As-Ce catalysis spectrophotometry,the urinary iodine concentration was determined in 90 women during different periods of pregnancy admitted to Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2017 to December 2017.The determination of thyroid function and the autoantibody level was carried out by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).Results:In the early trimester of pregnancy,pregnant women with iodine deficiency,iodine sufficiency and iodine excess accounted for 36.67%,40.00%and 23.33%respectively;in the middle trimester of pregnancy,they accounted for 66.67%,26.67%and 6.66%respectively;they made up 40.00%,40.00%and 20.00%respectively in the late trimester of pregnancy.The rate of iodine deficiency in women in the middle trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than that in women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).The rate of iodine deficiency in pregnant women was positively correlated to the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Moreover,it had no relationship with the positivity of thyroglobulin antibody.No matter in the pregnant women with iodine deficiency or with iodine excess,the abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies was significantly higher than that in the pregnant women with iodine sufficiency.The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusions:The iodine deficiency in the women in the middle trimester of pregnancy is more severe than that in the women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is positively correlated with the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Pregnant women with iodine deficiency and iodine excess show a higher abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies.It is recommended to advocate health education on iodine nutrition to pregnant women,and conduct the dynamic monitoring of urinary iodine concentration and the screening of thyroid function and autoantibodies during pregnancy.展开更多
AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with adva...AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma(GC).METHODS Thirty-four advanced GC patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT in the gemstone spectral imaging mode. The IC of the primary lesion in the arterial phase(AP) and venous phase(VP) were measured, and were then normalized against that in the aorta to provide the normalized IC(nI C). MVD and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assays, using CD34 and VEGF-A antibodies, respectively. Correlations of nI C with MVD, VEGF, and clinical-pathological features were analyzed.RESULTS Both nI Cs correlated linearly with MVD and were higher in the primary lesion site than in the normal control site, but were not correlated with VEGF expression. After stratification by clinical-pathological subtypes, nI C-AP showed a statistically significant correlation with MVD, particularly in the group with tumors at stage T4, without nodular involvement, of a mixed Lauren type, where the tumor was located at the antrum site, and occurred in female individuals. nI C-VP showed a positive correlation with MVD in the group with the tumor at stage T4 and above, had nodular involvement, was poorly differentiated, was located at the pylorus site, of a mixed and diffused Lauren subtype, and occurred in male individuals. nI C-AP and nI C-VP showed significant differences in terms of histological differentiation and Lauren subtype.CONCLUSION The IC detected by spectral CT correlated with the MVD. n IC-AP and n IC-VP can reflect angiogenesis in different pathological subgroups of advanced GC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 82204041)Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program Funded Projects(Grant numbers 22JR11RA184).
文摘Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for assessing iodine nutritional status is essential for evaluating iodine intake.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)is commonly used for population level iodine status assessment but is less reliable for individuals.A 24-h urine sample is more accurate but difficult to collect[1].Thyroid volume(Tvol)and goiter rate are suitable for evaluating the long-term iodine nutritional status in populations[2].Blood indicator collection is an invasive procedure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872624)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202403021211139).
文摘Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
基金suported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-NHLHCRF-LX-02-03,2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-ZRZD-06)Ministry ofScience and Technology of the People's Republic ofChina,and National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(82071943,82273523).
文摘Background:To evaluate sex‐related differences in the risk factors associated with nonhealing or recurrence of hyper-thyroidism(NHRH)in patients with Graves'disease(GD)treated with radioactive iodine.Methods:In total,285 patients were enrolled.Data on radioactive iodine(RAI)dosage,ultrasound indexes of the thyroid,and other clinical factors were collected.Patients were divided into NHRH and non‐NHRH(hypothyroidism or euthyroidism)groups based on treatment outcomes.Univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with NHRH.Sex‐specific analyses of these risk factors were also conducted.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,thyroid shear wave elastography velocity values,or pretreatment serum free thyroxine(FT4)levels.Thyroid volume and age were independently associated with NHRH,with the odds of NHRH gradually decreasing as age increased.In subgroup analyses,both age and thyroid volume were independent risk factors for NHRH in female patients(p<0.05),while in male patients,only FT4 was independently associated with NHRH(p<0.05).Conclusions:In patients of different sexes,the influence of thyroid volume,age,and FT4 on treatment outcomes exhibits distinct patterns.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42067035 and 42007161)Water Conservancy Engineering Key Discipline Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University(No.SLXK2019-10)the Opening Project of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention in 2021(No.ZDSYS-JS-2021-10)。
文摘Groundwater is the main water supply source in the Tarim Basin in China.Endemic disease caused by high iodine(I)groundwater in the Tarim Basin was reported previously.Therefore,it is crucial to systematically identify the distribution and genesis of groundwater I.Based on hydrochemical analysis of 717 groundwater samples collected in 2015–2018,spatial distribution and hydrogeochemistry characteristic of high I groundwater in different aquifers were analyzed.Results showed that groundwater I ranged between<10.00 and 4000.00μg/L(mean of 53.71μg/L).High I groundwater(I>100.00μg/L)accounted for 7.25%of the total samples.Horizontally,groundwater I significantly increased from recharge zone(RZ)to transition zone(TZ)and to evaporation zone(EZ).Vertically,groundwater in shallow confined aquifer(SCA)had the greatest I concentration,followed by single-structure phreatic aquifer(SSPA),phreatic aquifer in confined groundwater area(PACGA),while groundwater in deep confined aquifer(DCA)generally had low I concentration.Groundwater I enrichment in SSPA was mainly affected by organic matter(OM)decomposition and that in SCA was mainly affected by evaporite mineral dissolution,OM decomposition under alkaline environment.While I enrichment in groundwater of PACGA was restrained under neutral environment.Lacustrine sedimentary environment was crucial for I enrichment in groundwater.Besides,fine-grained lithology of aquifer,smooth topographic slope,shallow buried depth of groundwater,weak alkaline and reducing environment,reductive dissolution of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals and OM decomposition were advantageous to I enrichment in groundwater.
文摘Radioactive iodine(RAI)therapy remains a cornerstone in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).The therapeutic efficacy of RAI depends on thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)-driven uptake via the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS).Although elevated TSH levels are routinely achieved before RAI administration,the circadian rhythm of TSH,which peaks overnight,is largely overlooked in treatment protocols.Aligning RAI administration with this physiological peak,particularly through evening dosing,may enhance iodine uptake,improve therapeutic efficacy,and reduce systemic exposure.Preclinical data and the known circadian regulation of TSH and NIS support this approach,although clinical validation is lacking.Evening dosing may also improve patient convenience and clinic workflow.However,logistical challenges and the absence of human trials present barriers to implementation.In this narrative review,we synthesize current evidence and tentatively propose the chronotherapeutic alignment of RAI timing as a novel,potentially impactful optimization strategy in DTC management.Prospective studies are needed to evaluate its clinical benefits and feasibility.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0204100)the Key Program of University-Enterprise Joint Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B20120).
文摘Currently,iodine-compatible cathodes for iodine propulsion systems that can provide ampere-level electron currents with a reasonable power consumption are lacking.In this study,a conventional LaB_(6)hollow cathode made with iodine-resistant materials was designed and tested in an iodine-compatible vacuum facility.The ignition characteristics,the V-I(Volt-Ampere characteristic)curve,and long steady-state discharge sequence of the iodine hollow cathode were analyzed and compared with those using a krypton propellant.After the experiment,the composition of the cathode emitter was studied by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that ignition takes>10 s to reach a steady state,and the discharge voltage of the iodine was 25-95 V higher than that of krypton.According to the EDS results,this was mainly caused by emitter contamination with iron from the stainless-steel components of the cathode and oxygen from the iodine feed system.The iodine hollow cathode achieved a cumulative 12.5 h stable discharge,with the longest single discharge of 5 h and a 3%change in the inner diameter of the emitter.
基金supported by the Sichuan Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project(No.2021JDJQ0016)Doctoral Initiation Project of China West Normal University(No.22k E043)and Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0388)。
文摘With the rapid development of nuclear energy,the removal of radioactive iodine generated during spent fuel reprocessing has become increasingly important.Based on the unique straw-like structure of populus tomentosa fiber(PTF)and the highly active iodine vapor capture ability of zero-valent silver nanoparticles(PTF@Ag^(0)NP),an Ag^(0)NP composite functional material with highly efficient iodine vapor capture capability was synthesized from biowaste PTF through ultrasonic and hightemperature hydrothermal methods in this study.The iodine capture experiment demonstrated that PTF@Ag^(0)NP exhibits rapid iodine capture efficiency,reaching dynamic equilibrium within 4 h and a maximum capture capacity of 1008.1 mg/g.Density functional theory calculations show that PTF@Ag^(0)NP exhibits extremely high chemical reactivity toward iodine,with a reaction binding energy of-2.88 e V.Additionally,the molecular dynamics of PTF@Ag^(0)NP indicate that there is no atomic displacement at 77?C,indicating the excellent temperature stability of the material at the operating temperature.The capture mechanism suggests that iodine vapor primarily reacts with Ag^(0)NP to form Ag I,and that the hydroxyl groups in PTF can also effectively capture iodine vapor by adsorption induction.In conclusion,PTF@Ag^(0)NP is expected to be an effective candidate adsorbent material for removing radioactive iodine vapor from exhaust gases during spent fuel reprocessing.
基金supported by the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Cultivation Program of the Chinese PLA(17QNP023)the Key Projects of Medical Service Scientific Research of the Navy Medical Center(20M2302)the Military Logistics National Military Standard General Project of Chinese PLA(BHJ22B002).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of flight personnel but also have negative impacts on the aviation safety and combat effectiveness of troops.It has been confirmed that the occurrence and progression of thyroid diseases are closely linked to dietary iodine intake.Studies have manifested that long-term excessive or insufficient iodine intake can lead to thyroid diseases[2,3].
基金supported by the National Nature Fund[No.81773370]the 2019 China Hygiene and Health Standard Project[No.20190502]。
文摘Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
文摘Objective To evaluate dietary iodine intake and its potential risks among the Chinese population Methods Individual dietary iodine intake was calculated using food consumption data multiplying by iodine concentration in foods, table salt and drinking water, followed by summing, and then compared with the corresponding age-specific reference values, including Upper Intake Level （UL） and Recommended Nutrient Intake （RNI）. Results In areas with water iodine concentration （Wl） lower than 150 ug/L, 80.8% of residents had iodine intake between the RNI and UL, 5.8% higher than UL, and the remaining （13.4%） lower than RNI if iodized salt was consumed. However, in the uniodized salt consumption scenario, only 1.0% of residents between RNI and UL, 1.4% higher than UL, and a large part of residents （97.6%） lower than RNI. In areas with Wl higher than 150 ug/L ,all residents had iodine intake between RNI and UL if iodized salt was consumed, except 10.5% and 24.9% of residents higher than UL in areas with Wl at 150-300 ug/L and higher than 300 ug/L respectively. However, in the uniodized salt consumption scenario, only 1.5% and 1.7% of residents had higher iodine intake than UL respectively. Conclusion The findings suggested that in general, the dietary iodine intake by the Chinese population was appropriate and safe at the present stage. People in areas with WI lower than 150 ug/L were more likely to have iodine deficiency. While people in areas with WI higher than 150 ug/L were more likely to have excessive iodine intake if iodized salt was consumed.
文摘Objective We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine （UI） concentrations between children living in the two areas. Methods Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization （WHO） standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves. Results The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards （5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively）, whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess. Conclusion Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Province application technology and development project(GA14C101-01)
文摘Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the thyroglobulin （Tg） level in adults as a nutritiona biomarker of iodine status and to identify the factors related to the serum Tg level. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult populations of areas differing in iodine nutrition from three provinces （Autonomous Region） in China. Serum levels of thyroid hormones and Tg as well as thyroid autoantibodies were measured. The thyroid volume and nodule were measured by ultrasound. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess iodine intake and other indeterminate factors associated with the serum Tg level. Results A total of 573 adults were recruited for this study. The serum Tg levels differed significantly among the three groups （22.27 ~g/L, 9.73 pg/L and 15.77 pg/L in the excess, more-than-adequate, and deficient groups, respectively）. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis indicate that excess and deficient iodine intake, goiter, thyroid nodule, hypothyroidism are significantly related with higher Tg level, and TgAb positivity is significantly related with lower serum Tg. Conclusion The serum Tg level reflects abnormal thyroid function and is a sensitive functiona biomarker of iodine nutrition status.
基金Supported by Startup Program for Doctors of Yangtze University(801200010110)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine as one kind of disinfectants for aquaculture on Aeromonas.[Method] With the standard strain of Aeromonas ATCC7966 and the Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish or aquatic environment as the tested strains,the bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of povidone iodine was studied by double broth dilution method.[Result] The povidone iodine could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas strains at lower concentration,and killed Aeromonas strains at higher concentration.The minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on Aeromonas sp.T1,Aeromonas sp T2 and Aeromonas sp.T4 was 125.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 4.00 g/L.Whereas,the minimum bacteriostatic concentration（MIC） of povidone iodine on ATCC7966,Aeromonas sp.T3,Aeromonas sp T5 and Aeromonas sp.T6 was 250.00 mg/L,and the minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 8.00 g/L.[Conclusion] This study provides certain basis for reasonable application of povidone iodine.
文摘To prevent iodine deficiency disorders,the universal salt iodization programme has been introduced all over the globe,including environmentally iodine sufficient regions irrespective of their iodine status.As a result,iodine-induced thyroid dysfunctions namely hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,autoimmune thyroid diseases,endemic goiter and even thyroid cancer including infertility,still births,abortions and embryo toxicity have emerged as a major public health problem.In other words,the consequence of iodine deficiency and excess is almost‘U’-shaped.Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency affects reproductive functions of organisms;however,such undesirable effects of iodine overload on male gonadal physiology together with hormonal profiles are yet to be adequately explored.The discovery of iodide transporter in the testis justifies an independent role of iodine in male reproductive function,which is not entirely known.Recent studies on human subjects and animal models are now revealing further perceptions into the effect of excess iodine on male infertility with euthyroid status.Excess iodine exposure has been linked with deterioration of structural and functional changes of testis leading to compromised spermatogenesis by affecting various cellular and molecular signaling pathways culminating into disrupted the blood-testis barrier and cytoskeleton.This review provides an update and summarizes various novel insights of excess iodine exposure on reproduction by establishing the independent role of iodine on male reproductive endocrinology,which might help in formulating future strategies to prevent iodine-induced male infertility,an emerging global concern,especially in the post-salt iodization era.
文摘Factors affecting the stability of iodine in soil by Chloramine T-Tetrabase system were studied. The results showed that good measurement stability could be achieved by adding ascorbic acid.
基金supported by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20JCZDJC00280 and 20JCYBJC00380).
文摘The relationship mechanism between the material pore structures and cathodic iodine chemistry plays a vital role in efficient Zn-I_(2) batteries,but is unclear,retarding further advances.This work innovatively indicates a great contribution of∼2.5nm pore structure of nanocarbons to efficient iodine adsorption,rapid I^(−)↔I_(2) conversion,and polyiodide inhibition,via scrupulously designing catalysts with controllable pore sizes systematically.The I_(2)-loading within the designed nitrogen-doped nanocarbons can reach up to as high as 60.8 wt%.The batteries based on the cathode deliver impressive performances with a large capacity of 178.8 mAh/g and long-term cycling stability more than 4000 h at 5.0 C.Notably,these is no polyiodide such as I_(3)−and I_(5)−detected during the charge-discharge processes from comprehensive electrochemical cyclic voltammetry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Raman technique.This work provides a novel knowledge-guided concept for rational pore design,promising better Zn-I_(2) batteries,which is also hoped to benefit other advanced energy technologies,such as Li-S,Li-ion,and Al-I_(2) batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41176170 and 41025020)the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programs (Grant no. CHINARE2011-2015)China Polar Science and Strategic Research Fund Project, Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Adminstration (Grant no. 20140302)
文摘Iodine species collected by an onboard PM10 particle sampling system during the Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition （July-September 2003） were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Iodine （I^-） was detected in all samples over the Arctic Ocean, whereas additional iodine species including insoluble iodine, soluble organic iodine plus I were detected over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The results suggest that the main form of iodine is different within the Arctic Ocean than it is outside. Enrichment factor values showed moderate enrichment of iodine in the northwestern Pacific, whereas a high enrichment factor was found in polar regions, implying sources other than sea salt. A potential explanation was ascribed to the role of sea ice melt in the Arctic and rapid growth of algae in seawater, which enhances the production of iodocarbon and air-sea exchange. This was confirmed by the larger values of total iodine in 2008 than in 2003, with greater sea ice melt in the former year. In comparison with earlier reports, ratios of iodate to iodide （IO3^-/I^-） were much smaller than 1,0. These ratios were also different from modeling results, implying more complicated cycles of atmospheric iodine than are presently understood.
基金The Zhangzhou National Science Foundation of Fujian under contract No.JJ2020J29。
文摘We investigated dissolved iodine species in seawater from the northern South China Sea Shelf.Iodide concentrations were determined by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry,and iodate was measured by spectrophotometry.Dissolved organic iodine(DOI)was measured with reference to reduced iodide.R-TDI(R-X or rationalized-X is the concentration of X normalized to a salinity of 35,TDI represents total dissolved iodine)was in the range of 0.43–0.46μmol/L,showing a relatively conservative behavior,while iodate,iodide,and DOI showed non-conservative behaviors.Distribution characteristics in the surface waters showed R-iodate values in the 0.28–0.32μmol/L range and an offshore>inshore trend,while R-iodide was in the 0.11–0.19μmol/L range and R-DOI in the 0–0.07μmol/L range,reflecting an inshore>offshore trend for both.The vertical distribution showed the highest R-iodide concentrations in the surface waters and decreased values with depth,reaching less than0.01μmol/L at depths>200 m.R-iodate increased with depth with a measured peak value of 0.43μmol/L.Seawater with high iodate/iodide ratio(up to 2.9)was found in the central upwelling region and gradually decreased to 2.0 far from this center.The relationship between R-iodide and R-iodate among all samples followed the 1:1 relationship with a slope slightly less than 1,indicating that the conversion between iodate and iodide species could not account for the observed changes.This finding also suggests that DOI may be an important participant in the mass balance.A box model was applied to calculate the input and output of iodine species,and the result showed that approximately 8%of iodate(1.50×10~8 mol/a)imported to the shelf sea was reduced.Concomitantly,the amount of iodide and DOI produced in the shelf amounted to 1.07×10~8 mol/a,roughly 14%higher than the input iodide.
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use of As-Ce catalysis spectrophotometry,the urinary iodine concentration was determined in 90 women during different periods of pregnancy admitted to Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2017 to December 2017.The determination of thyroid function and the autoantibody level was carried out by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).Results:In the early trimester of pregnancy,pregnant women with iodine deficiency,iodine sufficiency and iodine excess accounted for 36.67%,40.00%and 23.33%respectively;in the middle trimester of pregnancy,they accounted for 66.67%,26.67%and 6.66%respectively;they made up 40.00%,40.00%and 20.00%respectively in the late trimester of pregnancy.The rate of iodine deficiency in women in the middle trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than that in women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).The rate of iodine deficiency in pregnant women was positively correlated to the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Moreover,it had no relationship with the positivity of thyroglobulin antibody.No matter in the pregnant women with iodine deficiency or with iodine excess,the abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies was significantly higher than that in the pregnant women with iodine sufficiency.The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusions:The iodine deficiency in the women in the middle trimester of pregnancy is more severe than that in the women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is positively correlated with the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Pregnant women with iodine deficiency and iodine excess show a higher abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies.It is recommended to advocate health education on iodine nutrition to pregnant women,and conduct the dynamic monitoring of urinary iodine concentration and the screening of thyroid function and autoantibodies during pregnancy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271573
文摘AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma(GC).METHODS Thirty-four advanced GC patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT in the gemstone spectral imaging mode. The IC of the primary lesion in the arterial phase(AP) and venous phase(VP) were measured, and were then normalized against that in the aorta to provide the normalized IC(nI C). MVD and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assays, using CD34 and VEGF-A antibodies, respectively. Correlations of nI C with MVD, VEGF, and clinical-pathological features were analyzed.RESULTS Both nI Cs correlated linearly with MVD and were higher in the primary lesion site than in the normal control site, but were not correlated with VEGF expression. After stratification by clinical-pathological subtypes, nI C-AP showed a statistically significant correlation with MVD, particularly in the group with tumors at stage T4, without nodular involvement, of a mixed Lauren type, where the tumor was located at the antrum site, and occurred in female individuals. nI C-VP showed a positive correlation with MVD in the group with the tumor at stage T4 and above, had nodular involvement, was poorly differentiated, was located at the pylorus site, of a mixed and diffused Lauren subtype, and occurred in male individuals. nI C-AP and nI C-VP showed significant differences in terms of histological differentiation and Lauren subtype.CONCLUSION The IC detected by spectral CT correlated with the MVD. n IC-AP and n IC-VP can reflect angiogenesis in different pathological subgroups of advanced GC.
