Celiac disease (CD), an enteropathy caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is histologically characterized by villous atrophy, crypt cell hyperplasia, and increased number of intra-epithelial...Celiac disease (CD), an enteropathy caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is histologically characterized by villous atrophy, crypt cell hyperplasia, and increased number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. The nature of CD pathogenesis remains unclear, but recent evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immune responses are necessary for the phenotypic expression and pathologic changes characteristic of CD. Extensive studies of molecules produced by immune cells in the gut of CD patients have led to identification of two cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21, which are thought to play a major role in orchestrating the mucosal inflammatory response in CD. Here we review the current knowledge of the expression and function of IL-15 and IL-21 in CD.展开更多
Human interleukin-15 （IL-15） is a proinflammatory cytokine to suppress neutrophil apoptosis, which is a potential therapeutic agent. The modulatory effect of TNFα was investigated in IL-15-induced suppression of hu...Human interleukin-15 （IL-15） is a proinflammatory cytokine to suppress neutrophil apoptosis, which is a potential therapeutic agent. The modulatory effect of TNFα was investigated in IL-15-induced suppression of human neutrophil apoptosis. TNFa was shown to reverse the ability of IL-15 to delay neutrophil apoptosis within certain time course. Moreover, this reverse effect by TNFα might be associated with a reduction of the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XI protein detected by Western blotting. It is concluded that TNFα can be used to modulate IL- 15-induced suppression of neutrophil apoptosis within certain time course.展开更多
Summary： Human interleukin-15 （hIL-15） is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-γ （IFN-γ...Summary： Human interleukin-15 （hIL-15） is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, and tumor necrosis factor-or （TNF-α to induce the production of human interleukin-15 （hIL-15） and IL-15 receptor （IL-15Rα by human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）. The data are summarized as follows： 1. Northern blot revealed that IL-15 mRNA was up-regulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α 2. Intracellular IL-15 protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, whereas the expression of IL-15 on the surface of HUVECs was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS）, and no detectable IL-15 in the medium was verified by ELISA. 3. IL-15Rα was detected on the surface of HUVECs by FACS after IFN-α and TNF-α stimulation, whereas Western blotting revealed that the elevated expression on surface IL-15Rα was not due to the increased protein expression. The conclusion demonstrated from our results is that IFN-α and TNF-α play an important role in regulating the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα on the surface of HUVECs.展开更多
Objective:To identify the relationship between interleukin(IL)-15 levels and sarcopenia in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients who have received antiretroviral therapy.Methods:This study was a cross-se...Objective:To identify the relationship between interleukin(IL)-15 levels and sarcopenia in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients who have received antiretroviral therapy.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional design with 70 participants conducted from January to March 2021.All the participants were assessed for sarcopenia and the IL-15 levels.Sarcopenia was established based on the the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS)2019 criteria.Plasma IL-15 was determined.This analysis was carried out by means of 2×2 tabulation and the statistical test used is Chi-square.Results:Seventy patients received antiretroviral therapy>6 months and showed a good clinical response.Among them,36(51.4%)took zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapy with a median duration of illness of 5 years.The proportion of sarcopenia in patients with HIV infection was 32.9%.The median CD4 cell count was 395.5 cells/L(range:203-937 cells/L).Logistic regression analysis revealed that age>50 years(aOR 8.3,95%CI 1.6-44.5),underweight(aOR 7.7,95%CI 1.5-40.5),IL-15≥150.5 ng/L(aOR 4.9,95%CI 1.3-19.0)and female(aOR 4.8,95%CI 1.2-18.3 were significant and independent adverse predictors of sarcopenia in subjects with HIV infection.Conclusions:There is an association between high levels of IL-15 and sarcopenia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months with good clinical response.展开更多
To explore the effect of rhIL-15 on CB-CD34 + stem cells committing to NK cells, CD34 + stem cells were obtained from cord blood (CB) by magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS) method. CD3, CD16 and CD56 molecules expre...To explore the effect of rhIL-15 on CB-CD34 + stem cells committing to NK cells, CD34 + stem cells were obtained from cord blood (CB) by magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS) method. CD3, CD16 and CD56 molecules expressed on cell surface were detected by flow cytometer. MTT method was used to test the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The results were that stem cell factor (SCF) alone has no effect on CD34 + stem cells. IL-15 stimulated CD34 + stem cells commit to NK cells, and SCF showed strong synergistic effect with IL-15. It was concluded that IL-15 and SCF played different roles during NK cell development, IL-15 promoted CD34 + stem cells differentiate to NK cell precursor and SCF improved the effects of IL-15 on NK cell differentiation.展开更多
Objective:Interleukin(IL)-15,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,has been shown to be upregulated in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Although its relationship with pathogenesis of psoriasis is unclear,this resea...Objective:Interleukin(IL)-15,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,has been shown to be upregulated in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Although its relationship with pathogenesis of psoriasis is unclear,this research aimed to assess the possible role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its correlation with the disease severity.Methods:Fifty patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were selected for this case-control study at Alexandria Main University Hospital from December 2022 to January 2024.Clinical evaluation of the patients was achieved through the calculation of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score.Serum IL-15 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The Mann-Whitney test was employed for abnormally distributed quantitative variables.The Spearman coefficient test was applied for comparisons of two abnormally distributed quantitative variables.Results:The mean serum IL-15 Level in the patient group(482.90 ng/mL[Q1=440.63,Q3=525.16])was significantly higher than that in the control group(410.25 ng/mL[Q1=310.23,Q3=430.35])(P<0.001).Furthermore,the serum IL-15 level had a significant positive correlation with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score(P=0.049).Conclusion:The level of IL-15 may indicate the severity of disease in the patients with psoriasis,and IL-15 has the potential to be a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target of psoriasis,which needs more in-depth studies to further clarify.展开更多
The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multi...The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.展开更多
文摘Celiac disease (CD), an enteropathy caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is histologically characterized by villous atrophy, crypt cell hyperplasia, and increased number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. The nature of CD pathogenesis remains unclear, but recent evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immune responses are necessary for the phenotypic expression and pathologic changes characteristic of CD. Extensive studies of molecules produced by immune cells in the gut of CD patients have led to identification of two cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21, which are thought to play a major role in orchestrating the mucosal inflammatory response in CD. Here we review the current knowledge of the expression and function of IL-15 and IL-21 in CD.
基金This project was supported by a grant from NIH foundation of USA
文摘Human interleukin-15 （IL-15） is a proinflammatory cytokine to suppress neutrophil apoptosis, which is a potential therapeutic agent. The modulatory effect of TNFα was investigated in IL-15-induced suppression of human neutrophil apoptosis. TNFa was shown to reverse the ability of IL-15 to delay neutrophil apoptosis within certain time course. Moreover, this reverse effect by TNFα might be associated with a reduction of the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XI protein detected by Western blotting. It is concluded that TNFα can be used to modulate IL- 15-induced suppression of neutrophil apoptosis within certain time course.
文摘Summary： Human interleukin-15 （hIL-15） is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, and tumor necrosis factor-or （TNF-α to induce the production of human interleukin-15 （hIL-15） and IL-15 receptor （IL-15Rα by human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）. The data are summarized as follows： 1. Northern blot revealed that IL-15 mRNA was up-regulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α 2. Intracellular IL-15 protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, whereas the expression of IL-15 on the surface of HUVECs was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS）, and no detectable IL-15 in the medium was verified by ELISA. 3. IL-15Rα was detected on the surface of HUVECs by FACS after IFN-α and TNF-α stimulation, whereas Western blotting revealed that the elevated expression on surface IL-15Rα was not due to the increased protein expression. The conclusion demonstrated from our results is that IFN-α and TNF-α play an important role in regulating the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα on the surface of HUVECs.
文摘Objective:To identify the relationship between interleukin(IL)-15 levels and sarcopenia in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients who have received antiretroviral therapy.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional design with 70 participants conducted from January to March 2021.All the participants were assessed for sarcopenia and the IL-15 levels.Sarcopenia was established based on the the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS)2019 criteria.Plasma IL-15 was determined.This analysis was carried out by means of 2×2 tabulation and the statistical test used is Chi-square.Results:Seventy patients received antiretroviral therapy>6 months and showed a good clinical response.Among them,36(51.4%)took zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapy with a median duration of illness of 5 years.The proportion of sarcopenia in patients with HIV infection was 32.9%.The median CD4 cell count was 395.5 cells/L(range:203-937 cells/L).Logistic regression analysis revealed that age>50 years(aOR 8.3,95%CI 1.6-44.5),underweight(aOR 7.7,95%CI 1.5-40.5),IL-15≥150.5 ng/L(aOR 4.9,95%CI 1.3-19.0)and female(aOR 4.8,95%CI 1.2-18.3 were significant and independent adverse predictors of sarcopenia in subjects with HIV infection.Conclusions:There is an association between high levels of IL-15 and sarcopenia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months with good clinical response.
文摘To explore the effect of rhIL-15 on CB-CD34 + stem cells committing to NK cells, CD34 + stem cells were obtained from cord blood (CB) by magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS) method. CD3, CD16 and CD56 molecules expressed on cell surface were detected by flow cytometer. MTT method was used to test the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The results were that stem cell factor (SCF) alone has no effect on CD34 + stem cells. IL-15 stimulated CD34 + stem cells commit to NK cells, and SCF showed strong synergistic effect with IL-15. It was concluded that IL-15 and SCF played different roles during NK cell development, IL-15 promoted CD34 + stem cells differentiate to NK cell precursor and SCF improved the effects of IL-15 on NK cell differentiation.
文摘Objective:Interleukin(IL)-15,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,has been shown to be upregulated in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Although its relationship with pathogenesis of psoriasis is unclear,this research aimed to assess the possible role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its correlation with the disease severity.Methods:Fifty patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were selected for this case-control study at Alexandria Main University Hospital from December 2022 to January 2024.Clinical evaluation of the patients was achieved through the calculation of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score.Serum IL-15 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The Mann-Whitney test was employed for abnormally distributed quantitative variables.The Spearman coefficient test was applied for comparisons of two abnormally distributed quantitative variables.Results:The mean serum IL-15 Level in the patient group(482.90 ng/mL[Q1=440.63,Q3=525.16])was significantly higher than that in the control group(410.25 ng/mL[Q1=310.23,Q3=430.35])(P<0.001).Furthermore,the serum IL-15 level had a significant positive correlation with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score(P=0.049).Conclusion:The level of IL-15 may indicate the severity of disease in the patients with psoriasis,and IL-15 has the potential to be a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target of psoriasis,which needs more in-depth studies to further clarify.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China(Key Program),No.U24A20692(to CJZ)the National Natural Science Foundational of China,Nos.82101414(to MLJ),82371355(to CJZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundational of China for Excellent Young Scholars,No.82022019(to CJZ)Sichuan Special Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.24NSFJQ0052(to CJZ)The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Team of Sichuan Tianfu Emei Program,No.CZ2024018(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,No.30420230005(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.A1098531023601381(to CJZ)。
文摘The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.
