Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in Malaysia.Methods:A c...Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in Malaysia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January 2023.Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final analysis.Data were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent variables.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(P<0.05,Pearson correlation).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural intention.Males,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(P<0.05,one-way ANOVA).While educational level,smoking status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(P<0.05,linear regression).Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting cardiovascular health awareness and risk perception among middle-aged adults to foster positive BI and reduce CVD risk.Tailored interventions targeting specific risk factors identified by INTERHEART may enhance risk stratification accuracy and facilitate targeted preventive strategies.展开更多
Background Psychosocial factors have been reported to be independently associa ted with coronary heart disease. However, previous studies have been in mainly N orth American or European populations. The aim of the pre...Background Psychosocial factors have been reported to be independently associa ted with coronary heart disease. However, previous studies have been in mainly N orth American or European populations. The aim of the present analysis was to in vestigate the relation of psychosocial factors to risk of myocardial infarction in 24 767 people from 52 countries. Methods We used a case control design with 11 119 patients with a first myocardial infarction and 13 648 age matched (up t o 5 years older or younger) and sex matched controls from 262 centres in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, and North and South America. Data fo r demographic factors, education, income, and cardiovascular risk factors were o btained by standardised approaches. Psychosocial stress was assessed by four sim ple questions about stress at work and at home, financial stress, and major life events in the past year. Additional questions assessed locus of control and pre sence of depression. Findings People with myocardial infarction (cases) reported higher prevalence of all four stress factors (p < 0.0001). Of those cases still working, 23.0%(n=1249) experienced several periods of work stress compared wit h 17.9%(1324) of controls, and 10.0%(540) experienced permanent work stress du ring the previous year versus 5.0%(372) of controls. Odds ratios were 1.38 (99 %CI 1.19-1.61) for several periods of work stress and 2.14(1.73-2.64) for per manent stress at work, adjusted for age, sex, geographic region, and smoking. 11 .6%(1288) of cases had several periods of stress at home compared with 8.6%(11 79) of controls (odds ratio 1.52 [99%CI 1.34-1.72]), and 3.5%(384) of cases r eported permanent stress at home versus 1.9%(253) of controls (2.12 [1.68-2.6 5 ]). General stress (work, home, or both) was associated with an odds ratio of 1 . 45 (99%CI 1.30-1.61) for several periods and 2.17 (1.84-2.55) for permanent s tress. Severe financial stress was more typical in cases than controls(14.6%[1 6 22] vs 12.2%[1659]; odds ratio 1.33 [99%CI 1.19-1.48]). Stressful life e vents in the past year were also more frequent in cases than controls (16.1%[1790] v s 13.0%[1771]; 1.48 [1.33-1.64]), as was depression (24.0%[2673] vs 17. 6%[24 04]; odds ratio 1.55 [1.42-1.69]) . These differences were consistent across re gions, in different ethnic groups, and in men and women. Interpretation Presence of psychosocial stressors is associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, suggesting that approaches aimed at modifying these factors should be developed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE),Malaysia,through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2022/SKK10/UTAR/02/1)Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,Malaysia,through UTAR-Research Grant(IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/2021-C2/L08)MBBS Community Health Project(2022/2023),UTAR.
文摘Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in Malaysia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January 2023.Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final analysis.Data were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent variables.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(P<0.05,Pearson correlation).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural intention.Males,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(P<0.05,one-way ANOVA).While educational level,smoking status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(P<0.05,linear regression).Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting cardiovascular health awareness and risk perception among middle-aged adults to foster positive BI and reduce CVD risk.Tailored interventions targeting specific risk factors identified by INTERHEART may enhance risk stratification accuracy and facilitate targeted preventive strategies.
文摘Background Psychosocial factors have been reported to be independently associa ted with coronary heart disease. However, previous studies have been in mainly N orth American or European populations. The aim of the present analysis was to in vestigate the relation of psychosocial factors to risk of myocardial infarction in 24 767 people from 52 countries. Methods We used a case control design with 11 119 patients with a first myocardial infarction and 13 648 age matched (up t o 5 years older or younger) and sex matched controls from 262 centres in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, and North and South America. Data fo r demographic factors, education, income, and cardiovascular risk factors were o btained by standardised approaches. Psychosocial stress was assessed by four sim ple questions about stress at work and at home, financial stress, and major life events in the past year. Additional questions assessed locus of control and pre sence of depression. Findings People with myocardial infarction (cases) reported higher prevalence of all four stress factors (p < 0.0001). Of those cases still working, 23.0%(n=1249) experienced several periods of work stress compared wit h 17.9%(1324) of controls, and 10.0%(540) experienced permanent work stress du ring the previous year versus 5.0%(372) of controls. Odds ratios were 1.38 (99 %CI 1.19-1.61) for several periods of work stress and 2.14(1.73-2.64) for per manent stress at work, adjusted for age, sex, geographic region, and smoking. 11 .6%(1288) of cases had several periods of stress at home compared with 8.6%(11 79) of controls (odds ratio 1.52 [99%CI 1.34-1.72]), and 3.5%(384) of cases r eported permanent stress at home versus 1.9%(253) of controls (2.12 [1.68-2.6 5 ]). General stress (work, home, or both) was associated with an odds ratio of 1 . 45 (99%CI 1.30-1.61) for several periods and 2.17 (1.84-2.55) for permanent s tress. Severe financial stress was more typical in cases than controls(14.6%[1 6 22] vs 12.2%[1659]; odds ratio 1.33 [99%CI 1.19-1.48]). Stressful life e vents in the past year were also more frequent in cases than controls (16.1%[1790] v s 13.0%[1771]; 1.48 [1.33-1.64]), as was depression (24.0%[2673] vs 17. 6%[24 04]; odds ratio 1.55 [1.42-1.69]) . These differences were consistent across re gions, in different ethnic groups, and in men and women. Interpretation Presence of psychosocial stressors is associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, suggesting that approaches aimed at modifying these factors should be developed.
