Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impac...Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Understanding the friction behavior between hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)and water is critical for the potential applications of h-BN in liquid-related functional devices.By using a density-functional-theory(DFT)-base...Understanding the friction behavior between hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)and water is critical for the potential applications of h-BN in liquid-related functional devices.By using a density-functional-theory(DFT)-based machine learning(ML)technique combined with long-time ML-parameterized molecular dynamics simulations,we have systematically investigated charge transfer and friction at the interfaces between h-BN and water.The introduction of defects(including Stone-Wales,B-vacancy,N-vacancy,and B-vacancy/N-vacancy defects)into h-BN significantly enhances heterogeneous charge polarization and distribution at h-BN layers,as well as increases the friction coefficients at water/h-BN interfaces compared to perfect h-BN.The observed increase in interfacial friction of defected h-BN can be attributed to stronger charge transfer and higher charge density at the defected h-BN layers induced by interactions with water molecules.Our results offer deeper insights into the role of defects in modulating charge exchange and transfer between water and h-BN,as well as their impact on interfacial friction.展开更多
Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between...Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.展开更多
The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The nat...The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.展开更多
Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,lim...Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.展开更多
Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This s...Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This study addresses the challenge by exploring how modulation of the 3d-orbital electronic structure of FeN_(4) active sites influences ORR electrocatalysis.To realize this,a catalyst composed of Fe_(3)C nanoparticles and FeN_(4) single atoms anchored on carbon black(Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB)was synthesized via a synergistic strategy of spatial confinement and atmosphere control.This unique heterostructure creates interfaces between Fe_(3)C and FeN_(4) that modulate the electronic configuration of the FeN_(4) center,transforming its geometry from square-planar to quasi-octahedral.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this orbital modulation results in a downward shift of the Fe dband center,altering the reaction pathway and lowering the energy barrier for ORR.Consequently,the Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB catalyst exhibits outstanding ORR activity,four-electron selectivity,excellent methanol tolerance,and remarkable electrochemical stability.When applied in a zinc-air battery,it achieves a peak power density of 178.4 mW cm^(-2)and superior cycling stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provides valuable insights into heterointerface-induced orbital modulation as a promising design principle for high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.展开更多
Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting...Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting the chemical potential of moisture into electric energy through interactions with hygroscopic materials and nanostructured interfaces.Unlike solar or thermal harvesters,MEGs operate continuously by utilizing ubiquitous atmospheric moisture,granting them unique spatial and temporal adaptability.Despite nearly a decade of progress and the exploration of diverse material systems for MEG,the overall output power remains significantly limited due to inherently low charge carrier concentrations and restricted ion diffusion fluxes[2].As a result,standalone MEG devices often deliver low and unstable output,limiting practical applications.To enhance performance and versatility,recent efforts have explored hybridization of MEG with other ambient energy sources such as triboelectric or thermoelectric effects.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the...Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
Active matter encompasses all systems in which each individual constituent independently dissipates energy in its environment.This definition brings together biological systems such as cellular tissues,bacterial colon...Active matter encompasses all systems in which each individual constituent independently dissipates energy in its environment.This definition brings together biological systems such as cellular tissues,bacterial colonies,cytoskeletal filaments driven by molecular motors and animal groups,as well as collections of inert self-propelled particles such as Janus particles,[1]colloidal rollers[2]or vibrated grains.[3]Because of the local persistent drive,these systems are far from thermal equilibrium and cannot be described in terms of thermodynamic potentials.This leads to surprising physics that defies some of the basic intuitions that we have from passive systems,including longrange order in two dimensions[4]and phase-separation in absence of attractive interactions.展开更多
In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"...In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.展开更多
This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of co...This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.展开更多
Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entr...Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.展开更多
Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viab...Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.展开更多
Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this tec...Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.展开更多
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
基金the Beijing Nova Program(no.20240484595)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52406104).
文摘Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12472105)the Western Light Project of CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202118)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NO.NJ2024001)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Understanding the friction behavior between hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)and water is critical for the potential applications of h-BN in liquid-related functional devices.By using a density-functional-theory(DFT)-based machine learning(ML)technique combined with long-time ML-parameterized molecular dynamics simulations,we have systematically investigated charge transfer and friction at the interfaces between h-BN and water.The introduction of defects(including Stone-Wales,B-vacancy,N-vacancy,and B-vacancy/N-vacancy defects)into h-BN significantly enhances heterogeneous charge polarization and distribution at h-BN layers,as well as increases the friction coefficients at water/h-BN interfaces compared to perfect h-BN.The observed increase in interfacial friction of defected h-BN can be attributed to stronger charge transfer and higher charge density at the defected h-BN layers induced by interactions with water molecules.Our results offer deeper insights into the role of defects in modulating charge exchange and transfer between water and h-BN,as well as their impact on interfacial friction.
基金supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1003705)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20220484057)support from China Scholarship Council under Grant CSC No.202110300001.
文摘Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.
基金supported by the School of Engineering and Digital Sciences of Nazarbayev University,Astana,Kazakhstan(to CE)。
文摘The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2511056,52503289 and 52333005)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230018)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students。
文摘Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22272105 and 22572118)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1423900)。
文摘Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This study addresses the challenge by exploring how modulation of the 3d-orbital electronic structure of FeN_(4) active sites influences ORR electrocatalysis.To realize this,a catalyst composed of Fe_(3)C nanoparticles and FeN_(4) single atoms anchored on carbon black(Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB)was synthesized via a synergistic strategy of spatial confinement and atmosphere control.This unique heterostructure creates interfaces between Fe_(3)C and FeN_(4) that modulate the electronic configuration of the FeN_(4) center,transforming its geometry from square-planar to quasi-octahedral.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this orbital modulation results in a downward shift of the Fe dband center,altering the reaction pathway and lowering the energy barrier for ORR.Consequently,the Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB catalyst exhibits outstanding ORR activity,four-electron selectivity,excellent methanol tolerance,and remarkable electrochemical stability.When applied in a zinc-air battery,it achieves a peak power density of 178.4 mW cm^(-2)and superior cycling stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provides valuable insights into heterointerface-induced orbital modulation as a promising design principle for high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205165).
文摘Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting the chemical potential of moisture into electric energy through interactions with hygroscopic materials and nanostructured interfaces.Unlike solar or thermal harvesters,MEGs operate continuously by utilizing ubiquitous atmospheric moisture,granting them unique spatial and temporal adaptability.Despite nearly a decade of progress and the exploration of diverse material systems for MEG,the overall output power remains significantly limited due to inherently low charge carrier concentrations and restricted ion diffusion fluxes[2].As a result,standalone MEG devices often deliver low and unstable output,limiting practical applications.To enhance performance and versatility,recent efforts have explored hybridization of MEG with other ambient energy sources such as triboelectric or thermoelectric effects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control in 2022(No.SGNR0000KJJS2302150).
文摘Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
文摘Active matter encompasses all systems in which each individual constituent independently dissipates energy in its environment.This definition brings together biological systems such as cellular tissues,bacterial colonies,cytoskeletal filaments driven by molecular motors and animal groups,as well as collections of inert self-propelled particles such as Janus particles,[1]colloidal rollers[2]or vibrated grains.[3]Because of the local persistent drive,these systems are far from thermal equilibrium and cannot be described in terms of thermodynamic potentials.This leads to surprising physics that defies some of the basic intuitions that we have from passive systems,including longrange order in two dimensions[4]and phase-separation in absence of attractive interactions.
文摘In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.
基金Projects(52174092,42472338,51904290)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20220157)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2022YCPY0202)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.
基金This work has been endorsed by the Chengdu Guangming Paite Precious Metal Co.,Ltd.,the CDGM Glass Co.,Ltd.,China,and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.15233823).
文摘Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21667019,22066017,and 52173267)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.2017ZF56020).
文摘Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62121003,T2293730,T2293731,61960206012,62333020,and 62171434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501 and 2022YFB3205602)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)。
文摘Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.
