Objective： To study the effects on human glioma cell line CHG-5 by ultrasonic microbubble intensifier with survivin antisense oligonucleotides （ASODN） transfection. Methods： Antisense oligonucleotides targeting su...Objective： To study the effects on human glioma cell line CHG-5 by ultrasonic microbubble intensifier with survivin antisense oligonucleotides （ASODN） transfection. Methods： Antisense oligonucleotides targeting survivin mRNA was designed and synthesized. Four regimen groups were designed, group A： survivin antisense oligonucleotides transfected with ultrasonic microbubble intensifier combined with ultrasound irradiation, group B： survivin antisense oligonucleotides transfected with lipofectamine combined with ultrasound irradiation, group C： survivin antisense oligonucelotides with lipofectamine transfection, group D： blank control. The expression changes of surviving protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, and MTT assay was used to measure the changes of proliferation. Results： Survivin protein expression in group A was decreased significantly in human glioma cell line CHG-5 than other groups（P〈0.05）, and the proliferating rate of CHG-5 in group A was also significantly inhibited（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Ultrasonic microbubble intensifier transfection combined with ultrasound irradiation is a promising method in gene transfection effectively and noninvasively.展开更多
As a non-destructive testing technology,neutron imaging plays an important role in various fields,including material science,nuclear engineering,and fundamental science.An imaging detector with a neutron-sensitive ima...As a non-destructive testing technology,neutron imaging plays an important role in various fields,including material science,nuclear engineering,and fundamental science.An imaging detector with a neutron-sensitive image intensifier has been developed and demonstrated to achieve good spatial resolution and timing resolution.However,the influence of the working voltage on the performance of the neutron-sensitive imaging intensifier has not been studied.To optimize the performance of the neutron-sensitive image intensifier at different voltages,experiments have been performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)neutron beamline.The change in the light yield and imaging quality with different voltages has been acquired.It is shown that the image quality benefits from the high gain of the microchannel plate(MCP)and the high accelerating electric field between the MCP and the screen.Increasing the accelerating electric field is more effective than increasing the gain of MCPs for the improvement of the imaging quality.Increasing the total gain of the MCP stack can be realized more effectively by improving the gain of the standard MCP than that of the n MCP.These results offer a development direction for image intensifiers in the future.展开更多
A new processing technology and the properties of multialkali antimonide photocathodesare described.The technique requires an initial antimony layer to be deposited on a fiber-optic window at asuitable temperature.Aft...A new processing technology and the properties of multialkali antimonide photocathodesare described.The technique requires an initial antimony layer to be deposited on a fiber-optic window at asuitable temperature.After that.the layer is activated by multialkali and antimonide.Thus.the multialkaliphotocathodes named“The Modern Multialkali Photocathode”are obtained.It has been found that aphotocathode thus processed gives a sensitivity of 200 to 300μA/Im for white light at a color temperature of2854K.This paper shows the variation of photosensitivity during processing of a Modern MultialkaliPhotocathode and the variatioon of spectral sensitivity at different wavelengths.The author discusses theresults.gives a supposition of“photoemission center”,and discusses the role of Cs in multialkaliphotocathodes.展开更多
Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around th...Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.展开更多
1 Foreword The crises produced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict have starkly highlighted the critical need for scientific innovation and global cooperation.The pandemic underscored the ...1 Foreword The crises produced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict have starkly highlighted the critical need for scientific innovation and global cooperation.The pandemic underscored the urgency of swift,science-driven responses to worldwide health emergencies,while the war has intensified energy shortages and material scarcities,amplifying the demand for sustainable and resilient solutions.展开更多
The world economy in 2024 proved surprisingly resilient despite multiple shocks. This resilience can largely be attributed to the effects of tight monetary policies and the strong performance of labor markets in major...The world economy in 2024 proved surprisingly resilient despite multiple shocks. This resilience can largely be attributed to the effects of tight monetary policies and the strong performance of labor markets in major economies. Although a recession was narrowly avoided, the intensifying strategic rivalries among major powers, rising geopolitical risks, the resurgence of trade protectionism and sluggish global growth have all cast a shadow over the economic outlook.展开更多
The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal for a new energy security strategy and the start of the second decade of the Belt and Road Initiative.During this year,the internat...The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal for a new energy security strategy and the start of the second decade of the Belt and Road Initiative.During this year,the international situation grew increasingly complex,with intensifying rivalries among major powers and sporadic occurrences of geopolitical conflicts and localized disturbances.CNPC’s international operations focus on maintaining stability while making progress,successfully overcoming various intertwined risks and achieving new milestones in international business development.For six consecutive years,the overseas equity production has maintained an equivalent of 100 million tons.International trade has achieved stable progress,and engineering services have made new breakthroughs in market expansion,contributing new momentum to CNPC’s establishment as a world-class enterprise.展开更多
Based on the holographic theory, a pair of reflective holographic lenses have been utilized with an aim to improve the optical properties of night vision goggles. The aberration distribution of the holographic lens ha...Based on the holographic theory, a pair of reflective holographic lenses have been utilized with an aim to improve the optical properties of night vision goggles. The aberration distribution of the holographic lens has been confirmed by experiments and compensated by a conventional symmetrical spherical system. Resulting data of the whole optical system are given.展开更多
Surface morphology and inner structure of the dust were observed by ICP-AES, SEM-EDS and XRD to examine the strengthening measures of leaching potassium salt from the sintering dust by water. The results showed that t...Surface morphology and inner structure of the dust were observed by ICP-AES, SEM-EDS and XRD to examine the strengthening measures of leaching potassium salt from the sintering dust by water. The results showed that the main component of the sintering dust was iron-oxygen compound, with KCl adsorbed on its surface. Leaching experiments showed that the KCl in the ESP dust could be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. The yield of K-Na vaporized crystalline salt was 18.56%, in which the mass fractions of KCl, NaCl, CaSO4 and K2SO4 were about 61.21%, 13.40%, 14.62%and 10.86%, respectively. The leaching kinetics of potassium salt from the sintering dust fits the external diffusion model well. The leaching speed and the leaching rate of the potassium salt can be increased by increasing the leaching temperature, strengthening the stirring speed and increasing the liquid-solid ratio.展开更多
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)is increasingly used in biomedicine,material science,chemistry,and other related research fields,because of its advantages of high specificity and sensitivity in monitorin...Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)is increasingly used in biomedicine,material science,chemistry,and other related research fields,because of its advantages of high specificity and sensitivity in monitoring cellular microenvironments,studying interaction between proteins,metabolic state,screening drugs and analyzing their efficacy,characterizing novel materials,and diagnosing early cancers.Understandably,there is a large interest in obtaining FLIM data within an acquisition time as short as possible.Consequently,there is currently a technology that advances towards faster and faster FLIM recording.However,the maximum speed of a recording technique is only part of the problerm.The acquisition time of a FLIM image is a complex function of many factors.These include the photon rate that can be obtained from the sample,the amount of information a technique extracts from the decay functions,the fficiency at which it determines fluorescence decay parameters from the recorded photons,the demands for the accuracy of these parameters,the number of pixels,and the lateral and axial resolutions that are obtained in biological materials.Starting from a discussion of the parameters which determine the acquisition time,this review will describe existing and emerging FLIM techniques and data analysis algo-rithms,and analyze their performance and recording speed in biological and biomedical applications.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the use of amplifiers in term of gender and disciplinary groups in academic research arti cles,which is based on the British Academic Written English Corpus(BAWE).18 amplifiers were exam...This study aims to investigate the use of amplifiers in term of gender and disciplinary groups in academic research arti cles,which is based on the British Academic Written English Corpus(BAWE).18 amplifiers were examined across two dimen sions:gender and disciplinary groups.The results show amplifiers are more common in males' academic writings than in those of females in general,amplifiers are used more often in AH discipline.However,not all amplifiers show significant gender differ ences between men and women.Six words show a significant difference between male and female writers:pretty,by far,perfect ly,quite,a great deal,totally,which are used more often by males.However,the interesting is in LS discipline,most amplifiers are used more often by female than male writers and males tend to use by far more frequently than females.展开更多
Work has been done with extending the useful imaging and detection range of CCD.This was accomplished through direct optical coupling and bonding of i-mage intensifiers to the CCD.It has been shown that the useful ran...Work has been done with extending the useful imaging and detection range of CCD.This was accomplished through direct optical coupling and bonding of i-mage intensifiers to the CCD.It has been shown that the useful range of a CCD may be extended two orders of magnitude using these techniques in coupling a microchannel plate image intensifier to the CCD array.All of these works were done with presently available CCD made by China.展开更多
The resolution characteristic of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is an important parameter in third generation intensifiers. The modulation transfer function of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photo...The resolution characteristic of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is an important parameter in third generation intensifiers. The modulation transfer function of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is derived from a simple two-dimensional diffusion equation. The theoretical resolution characteristic of a 2 μm thick GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is calculated. The relationship between resolution and parameters in GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is discussed. A conclusion is shown that one can design the GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode for maximum quantum efficiency, since the sacrifice in the resolution doesn't limit system performances.展开更多
This interlanguage pragmatics study of linguistic expressions of affect focuses on how Japanese learners of English may express themselves in an affect-laden speech act of indirect complaint.The English as a Second La...This interlanguage pragmatics study of linguistic expressions of affect focuses on how Japanese learners of English may express themselves in an affect-laden speech act of indirect complaint.The English as a Second Language(ESL)learners'data are compared with the baseline data of native speakers of Japanese(J J)and American English(AA).The functions of linguistic expressions of affect are classified into intensifiers and specifiers and further breakdown is made in terms of lexical and morpho-syntactic variables.Some major findings include the ESL learners'negative transfer from First Language(L1)Japanese into Second Language(L2)by using dislocation and the adversative passive structure,while simultaneously using hedges and aggressive words.Their avoidance of such expressions of affect as hyperbole and curse words can be partially attributed to insufficient vocabulary in L2 English.Conversely,they make an excessive and conscious effort to avoid using the Historical Present(HP)in order to match the tense,which can be interpreted as a sign of hypercorrection of the linguistic specific features in the L2.The paper sheds light on a new area of the linguistic affect as shown by the Asian ESL learners whose first languages are significantly different from their L2 English.展开更多
The diagnostic methods for the profile of the radiation source were estab-lished at first based on the pinhole imaging principle. In this paper, the relationships among various parameters of the gamma-rays crammer suc...The diagnostic methods for the profile of the radiation source were estab-lished at first based on the pinhole imaging principle. In this paper, the relationships among various parameters of the gamma-rays crammer such as the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), the signal-noise ratio (SNR) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are developed and studied experimentally on the cobalt radiation source. The image diagnostic system is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor (YAG crystal), optical imaging system, MCP image intensifier, CCD camera and other devices. The spatial resolution of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at 10% intensity was measured as 1 lp/mm by knife-edge method. The quantum of the measurement system is about 150 under weak radiation condition due to the single particle detection efficiency of the system. The dynamic range was inferred preliminarily as about 437. The required radiation intensity was calculated using the experiment result for the (SNR) = 1, 5, 10, respectively. The theoretical investigation results show that the radiation image with (SNR) = 1 can be only obtained when the pinhole diameter is 0.7 mm, object distance and image distance are both 200 cm, and the radiation intensity is about 1.0 × 1012 Sr-1·cm-2.展开更多
The spatial resolution of the gamma-rays camera was measured on a60Co gamma-rays source with edge method. The gamma-rays camera is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor, optical imaging system, MCP image intensi...The spatial resolution of the gamma-rays camera was measured on a60Co gamma-rays source with edge method. The gamma-rays camera is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor, optical imaging system, MCP image intensifier, CCD camera, electronic control system and other devices, and is mainly used in the image diagnostics of the intense pulse radiation sources [1]. Due to the relatively big quantum detective efficiency (DQE) and quantum gain of the gamma-rays, etc., the experimental data were processed by averaging multiple images and fitting curves. According to the experimental results, the spatial resolution MTF (modulation transfer function) at the 10% intensity was about 2lp/mm. Meanwhile, because of the relatively big dispersion effects of the fluorescence transmissions in the scintillator and the optical imaging system, the maximal single-noise ratio (SNR) of the camera was found to be about 5:1. In addition, the spatial resolution of the camera was measured with pulse X-rays with 0.3MeV in average energy and exclusion of the effects of secondary electrons from consideration. Accordingly, the spatial resolution MTF at the 10% intensity was about 5lp/mm. This could be an additional evidence to verify the effects of secondary electrons induced by the 1.25MeV gamma-rays in the scintillator upon the spatial resolution. Based on our analysis, the dispersion sizes of the secondary electrons in the scintillator are about 0.4mm-0.6mm. Comparatively, as indicated by the detailed analysis of the spatial resolutions of the MCP image intensifier and CCD devices, both of them have little effect on the spatial resolution of the gamma-rays camera that could be well neglected.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether neoadjuvant-intensified radiochemotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.METHODS:Between January 2007 and December 2011,80 patient...AIM:To investigate whether neoadjuvant-intensified radiochemotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.METHODS:Between January 2007 and December 2011,80 patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled.Tumors were clinically classified as either T3 or T4 and by the N stage based on the presence or absence of positive regional lymph nodes.Patients received intensified combined modality treatment,consisting of neoadjuvant radiation therapy(50.4-54.0 Gy) and infusional chemotherapy(oxaliplatin 50 mg/m 2) on the first day of each week,plus five daily continuous infusions of fluorouracil(200 mg/m 2 per die) from the first day of radiation therapy until radiotherapy completion.Patients received five or six cycles of oxaliplatin based on performance status,clinical lymph node involvement,and potential risk of a non-sphincter-conserving surgical procedure.Surgery was planned 7 to 9 wk after the end of radiochemotherapy treatment;adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was left to the oncologist's discretion and was recommended in patients with positive lymph nodes.After treatment,all patients were monitored every three months for the first year and every six months for the subsequent years.RESULTS:Of the 80 patients enrolled,75 patients completed the programmed neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy treatment.All patients received the radiotherapy prescribed total dose;five patients suspended chemotherapy indefinitely because of chemotherapyrelated toxicity.At least five cycles of oxaliplatin were administered to 73 patients.Treatment was well tolerated with high compliance and a good level of toxicity.Most of the acute toxic effects observed were classified as grades 1-2.Proctitis grade 2 was the most common symptom(63.75%) and the earliest manifestation of acute toxicity.Acute toxicity grades 3-4 was reported in 30% of patients and grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea reported in just three patients(3.75%).Seventy-seven patients underwent surgery;low anterior resection was performed in 52 patients,Miles' surgery in 11 patients and total mesorectal excision in nine patients.Fifty patients showed tumor downsizing ≥ 50% pathological downstaging in 88.00% of tumors.Out of 75 patients surviving surgery,67 patients(89.33%) had some form of downstaging after preoperative treatment.A pathological complete response was achieved in 23.75% of patients and a nearly pathologic complete response(stage ypT1ypN0) in six patients.An involvement of the radial margin was never present.During surgery,intra-abdominal metastases were found in only one patient(1.25%).Initially,45 patients required an abdominoperineal resection due to a tumor distal margin ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge.Of these patients,only seven of them underwent Miles' surgery and sphincter preservation was guaranteed in 84.50% of patients in this subgroup.Fourteen patients received postoperative chemotherapy.In the full analysis of enrolled cohort,eight of the 80 patients died,with seven deaths related to rectal cancer and one to unrelated causes.Local recurrences were observed in seven patients(8.75%) and distant metastases in 17 cases(21.25%).The fiveyear rate of overall survival rate was 90.91%.Using a median follow-up time of 28.5 mo,the cumulative incidence of local recurrences was 8.75%,and the overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 90.00% and 70.00%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this study suggest oxaliplatin chemotherapy has a beneficial effect on overall survival,likely due to an increase in local tumor control.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment ...Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the integrated system for the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total nitrogen(TN). The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were 76.28%, 96.76% and 59.97%, with the average effluent mass concentrations of 56, 0.53 and 18.83 mg/L, respectively, reaching the first grade of the national discharge standard. Moreover, the results of gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis demonstrated that the refractory organic compounds with high relative molecular mass were partly removed in IZVI process by the function of oxidation-reduction, flocculation and adsorption which could also enhance the biodegradability of the system effluent. The removal efficiencies of NH3-N and TN were achieved mainly in the subsequent AF/BAF reactors by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the results obtained show that the application of IZVI in combination with AF/BAF is a promising technology for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater.展开更多
基金the grants from the National 863 Scientific and Technological Research Projects[National Science Fortune Word No.(2006)501]the Highlight of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30430230)
文摘Objective： To study the effects on human glioma cell line CHG-5 by ultrasonic microbubble intensifier with survivin antisense oligonucleotides （ASODN） transfection. Methods： Antisense oligonucleotides targeting survivin mRNA was designed and synthesized. Four regimen groups were designed, group A： survivin antisense oligonucleotides transfected with ultrasonic microbubble intensifier combined with ultrasound irradiation, group B： survivin antisense oligonucleotides transfected with lipofectamine combined with ultrasound irradiation, group C： survivin antisense oligonucelotides with lipofectamine transfection, group D： blank control. The expression changes of surviving protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, and MTT assay was used to measure the changes of proliferation. Results： Survivin protein expression in group A was decreased significantly in human glioma cell line CHG-5 than other groups（P〈0.05）, and the proliferating rate of CHG-5 in group A was also significantly inhibited（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Ultrasonic microbubble intensifier transfection combined with ultrasound irradiation is a promising method in gene transfection effectively and noninvasively.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2023YFC2206502 and 2021YFA1600703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12175254 and 12227810)the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Science and Technology。
文摘As a non-destructive testing technology,neutron imaging plays an important role in various fields,including material science,nuclear engineering,and fundamental science.An imaging detector with a neutron-sensitive image intensifier has been developed and demonstrated to achieve good spatial resolution and timing resolution.However,the influence of the working voltage on the performance of the neutron-sensitive imaging intensifier has not been studied.To optimize the performance of the neutron-sensitive image intensifier at different voltages,experiments have been performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)neutron beamline.The change in the light yield and imaging quality with different voltages has been acquired.It is shown that the image quality benefits from the high gain of the microchannel plate(MCP)and the high accelerating electric field between the MCP and the screen.Increasing the accelerating electric field is more effective than increasing the gain of MCPs for the improvement of the imaging quality.Increasing the total gain of the MCP stack can be realized more effectively by improving the gain of the standard MCP than that of the n MCP.These results offer a development direction for image intensifiers in the future.
文摘A new processing technology and the properties of multialkali antimonide photocathodesare described.The technique requires an initial antimony layer to be deposited on a fiber-optic window at asuitable temperature.After that.the layer is activated by multialkali and antimonide.Thus.the multialkaliphotocathodes named“The Modern Multialkali Photocathode”are obtained.It has been found that aphotocathode thus processed gives a sensitivity of 200 to 300μA/Im for white light at a color temperature of2854K.This paper shows the variation of photosensitivity during processing of a Modern MultialkaliPhotocathode and the variatioon of spectral sensitivity at different wavelengths.The author discusses theresults.gives a supposition of“photoemission center”,and discusses the role of Cs in multialkaliphotocathodes.
文摘Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.
文摘1 Foreword The crises produced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict have starkly highlighted the critical need for scientific innovation and global cooperation.The pandemic underscored the urgency of swift,science-driven responses to worldwide health emergencies,while the war has intensified energy shortages and material scarcities,amplifying the demand for sustainable and resilient solutions.
文摘The world economy in 2024 proved surprisingly resilient despite multiple shocks. This resilience can largely be attributed to the effects of tight monetary policies and the strong performance of labor markets in major economies. Although a recession was narrowly avoided, the intensifying strategic rivalries among major powers, rising geopolitical risks, the resurgence of trade protectionism and sluggish global growth have all cast a shadow over the economic outlook.
文摘The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal for a new energy security strategy and the start of the second decade of the Belt and Road Initiative.During this year,the international situation grew increasingly complex,with intensifying rivalries among major powers and sporadic occurrences of geopolitical conflicts and localized disturbances.CNPC’s international operations focus on maintaining stability while making progress,successfully overcoming various intertwined risks and achieving new milestones in international business development.For six consecutive years,the overseas equity production has maintained an equivalent of 100 million tons.International trade has achieved stable progress,and engineering services have made new breakthroughs in market expansion,contributing new momentum to CNPC’s establishment as a world-class enterprise.
文摘Based on the holographic theory, a pair of reflective holographic lenses have been utilized with an aim to improve the optical properties of night vision goggles. The aberration distribution of the holographic lens has been confirmed by experiments and compensated by a conventional symmetrical spherical system. Resulting data of the whole optical system are given.
基金Projects (2012AA062502,2012AA06A118) supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘Surface morphology and inner structure of the dust were observed by ICP-AES, SEM-EDS and XRD to examine the strengthening measures of leaching potassium salt from the sintering dust by water. The results showed that the main component of the sintering dust was iron-oxygen compound, with KCl adsorbed on its surface. Leaching experiments showed that the KCl in the ESP dust could be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. The yield of K-Na vaporized crystalline salt was 18.56%, in which the mass fractions of KCl, NaCl, CaSO4 and K2SO4 were about 61.21%, 13.40%, 14.62%and 10.86%, respectively. The leaching kinetics of potassium salt from the sintering dust fits the external diffusion model well. The leaching speed and the leaching rate of the potassium salt can be increased by increasing the leaching temperature, strengthening the stirring speed and increasing the liquid-solid ratio.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0700500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775144/61525503/61620106016/61835009/81727804)+2 种基金(Key)Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2015KGJHZ002/2016KCXTD007)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2014A030312008,2017A030310132,2018A030313362)Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20170818144012025/JCYJ20170818141701667/JCYJ20170412105003520/JCYJ20150930104948169).
文摘Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)is increasingly used in biomedicine,material science,chemistry,and other related research fields,because of its advantages of high specificity and sensitivity in monitoring cellular microenvironments,studying interaction between proteins,metabolic state,screening drugs and analyzing their efficacy,characterizing novel materials,and diagnosing early cancers.Understandably,there is a large interest in obtaining FLIM data within an acquisition time as short as possible.Consequently,there is currently a technology that advances towards faster and faster FLIM recording.However,the maximum speed of a recording technique is only part of the problerm.The acquisition time of a FLIM image is a complex function of many factors.These include the photon rate that can be obtained from the sample,the amount of information a technique extracts from the decay functions,the fficiency at which it determines fluorescence decay parameters from the recorded photons,the demands for the accuracy of these parameters,the number of pixels,and the lateral and axial resolutions that are obtained in biological materials.Starting from a discussion of the parameters which determine the acquisition time,this review will describe existing and emerging FLIM techniques and data analysis algo-rithms,and analyze their performance and recording speed in biological and biomedical applications.
文摘This study aims to investigate the use of amplifiers in term of gender and disciplinary groups in academic research arti cles,which is based on the British Academic Written English Corpus(BAWE).18 amplifiers were examined across two dimen sions:gender and disciplinary groups.The results show amplifiers are more common in males' academic writings than in those of females in general,amplifiers are used more often in AH discipline.However,not all amplifiers show significant gender differ ences between men and women.Six words show a significant difference between male and female writers:pretty,by far,perfect ly,quite,a great deal,totally,which are used more often by males.However,the interesting is in LS discipline,most amplifiers are used more often by female than male writers and males tend to use by far more frequently than females.
文摘Work has been done with extending the useful imaging and detection range of CCD.This was accomplished through direct optical coupling and bonding of i-mage intensifiers to the CCD.It has been shown that the useful range of a CCD may be extended two orders of magnitude using these techniques in coupling a microchannel plate image intensifier to the CCD array.All of these works were done with presently available CCD made by China.
文摘The resolution characteristic of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is an important parameter in third generation intensifiers. The modulation transfer function of GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is derived from a simple two-dimensional diffusion equation. The theoretical resolution characteristic of a 2 μm thick GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is calculated. The relationship between resolution and parameters in GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode is discussed. A conclusion is shown that one can design the GaAs/GaAlAs transmission photocathode for maximum quantum efficiency, since the sacrifice in the resolution doesn't limit system performances.
文摘This interlanguage pragmatics study of linguistic expressions of affect focuses on how Japanese learners of English may express themselves in an affect-laden speech act of indirect complaint.The English as a Second Language(ESL)learners'data are compared with the baseline data of native speakers of Japanese(J J)and American English(AA).The functions of linguistic expressions of affect are classified into intensifiers and specifiers and further breakdown is made in terms of lexical and morpho-syntactic variables.Some major findings include the ESL learners'negative transfer from First Language(L1)Japanese into Second Language(L2)by using dislocation and the adversative passive structure,while simultaneously using hedges and aggressive words.Their avoidance of such expressions of affect as hyperbole and curse words can be partially attributed to insufficient vocabulary in L2 English.Conversely,they make an excessive and conscious effort to avoid using the Historical Present(HP)in order to match the tense,which can be interpreted as a sign of hypercorrection of the linguistic specific features in the L2.The paper sheds light on a new area of the linguistic affect as shown by the Asian ESL learners whose first languages are significantly different from their L2 English.
文摘The diagnostic methods for the profile of the radiation source were estab-lished at first based on the pinhole imaging principle. In this paper, the relationships among various parameters of the gamma-rays crammer such as the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), the signal-noise ratio (SNR) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are developed and studied experimentally on the cobalt radiation source. The image diagnostic system is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor (YAG crystal), optical imaging system, MCP image intensifier, CCD camera and other devices. The spatial resolution of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at 10% intensity was measured as 1 lp/mm by knife-edge method. The quantum of the measurement system is about 150 under weak radiation condition due to the single particle detection efficiency of the system. The dynamic range was inferred preliminarily as about 437. The required radiation intensity was calculated using the experiment result for the (SNR) = 1, 5, 10, respectively. The theoretical investigation results show that the radiation image with (SNR) = 1 can be only obtained when the pinhole diameter is 0.7 mm, object distance and image distance are both 200 cm, and the radiation intensity is about 1.0 × 1012 Sr-1·cm-2.
文摘The spatial resolution of the gamma-rays camera was measured on a60Co gamma-rays source with edge method. The gamma-rays camera is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor, optical imaging system, MCP image intensifier, CCD camera, electronic control system and other devices, and is mainly used in the image diagnostics of the intense pulse radiation sources [1]. Due to the relatively big quantum detective efficiency (DQE) and quantum gain of the gamma-rays, etc., the experimental data were processed by averaging multiple images and fitting curves. According to the experimental results, the spatial resolution MTF (modulation transfer function) at the 10% intensity was about 2lp/mm. Meanwhile, because of the relatively big dispersion effects of the fluorescence transmissions in the scintillator and the optical imaging system, the maximal single-noise ratio (SNR) of the camera was found to be about 5:1. In addition, the spatial resolution of the camera was measured with pulse X-rays with 0.3MeV in average energy and exclusion of the effects of secondary electrons from consideration. Accordingly, the spatial resolution MTF at the 10% intensity was about 5lp/mm. This could be an additional evidence to verify the effects of secondary electrons induced by the 1.25MeV gamma-rays in the scintillator upon the spatial resolution. Based on our analysis, the dispersion sizes of the secondary electrons in the scintillator are about 0.4mm-0.6mm. Comparatively, as indicated by the detailed analysis of the spatial resolutions of the MCP image intensifier and CCD devices, both of them have little effect on the spatial resolution of the gamma-rays camera that could be well neglected.
文摘AIM:To investigate whether neoadjuvant-intensified radiochemotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.METHODS:Between January 2007 and December 2011,80 patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled.Tumors were clinically classified as either T3 or T4 and by the N stage based on the presence or absence of positive regional lymph nodes.Patients received intensified combined modality treatment,consisting of neoadjuvant radiation therapy(50.4-54.0 Gy) and infusional chemotherapy(oxaliplatin 50 mg/m 2) on the first day of each week,plus five daily continuous infusions of fluorouracil(200 mg/m 2 per die) from the first day of radiation therapy until radiotherapy completion.Patients received five or six cycles of oxaliplatin based on performance status,clinical lymph node involvement,and potential risk of a non-sphincter-conserving surgical procedure.Surgery was planned 7 to 9 wk after the end of radiochemotherapy treatment;adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was left to the oncologist's discretion and was recommended in patients with positive lymph nodes.After treatment,all patients were monitored every three months for the first year and every six months for the subsequent years.RESULTS:Of the 80 patients enrolled,75 patients completed the programmed neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy treatment.All patients received the radiotherapy prescribed total dose;five patients suspended chemotherapy indefinitely because of chemotherapyrelated toxicity.At least five cycles of oxaliplatin were administered to 73 patients.Treatment was well tolerated with high compliance and a good level of toxicity.Most of the acute toxic effects observed were classified as grades 1-2.Proctitis grade 2 was the most common symptom(63.75%) and the earliest manifestation of acute toxicity.Acute toxicity grades 3-4 was reported in 30% of patients and grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea reported in just three patients(3.75%).Seventy-seven patients underwent surgery;low anterior resection was performed in 52 patients,Miles' surgery in 11 patients and total mesorectal excision in nine patients.Fifty patients showed tumor downsizing ≥ 50% pathological downstaging in 88.00% of tumors.Out of 75 patients surviving surgery,67 patients(89.33%) had some form of downstaging after preoperative treatment.A pathological complete response was achieved in 23.75% of patients and a nearly pathologic complete response(stage ypT1ypN0) in six patients.An involvement of the radial margin was never present.During surgery,intra-abdominal metastases were found in only one patient(1.25%).Initially,45 patients required an abdominoperineal resection due to a tumor distal margin ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge.Of these patients,only seven of them underwent Miles' surgery and sphincter preservation was guaranteed in 84.50% of patients in this subgroup.Fourteen patients received postoperative chemotherapy.In the full analysis of enrolled cohort,eight of the 80 patients died,with seven deaths related to rectal cancer and one to unrelated causes.Local recurrences were observed in seven patients(8.75%) and distant metastases in 17 cases(21.25%).The fiveyear rate of overall survival rate was 90.91%.Using a median follow-up time of 28.5 mo,the cumulative incidence of local recurrences was 8.75%,and the overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 90.00% and 70.00%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this study suggest oxaliplatin chemotherapy has a beneficial effect on overall survival,likely due to an increase in local tumor control.
基金Project(2006BAJ04A)suppprted by the National Sci-Tech Support Plan,China
文摘Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the integrated system for the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total nitrogen(TN). The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were 76.28%, 96.76% and 59.97%, with the average effluent mass concentrations of 56, 0.53 and 18.83 mg/L, respectively, reaching the first grade of the national discharge standard. Moreover, the results of gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis demonstrated that the refractory organic compounds with high relative molecular mass were partly removed in IZVI process by the function of oxidation-reduction, flocculation and adsorption which could also enhance the biodegradability of the system effluent. The removal efficiencies of NH3-N and TN were achieved mainly in the subsequent AF/BAF reactors by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the results obtained show that the application of IZVI in combination with AF/BAF is a promising technology for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater.
