The available heat content (stored heat energy) of hot dry rock (HDR) at a depth of 1–10 km in the global land crust is estimated to be 5.06×10~8 EJ,attracting considerable global attention.This paper presents a...The available heat content (stored heat energy) of hot dry rock (HDR) at a depth of 1–10 km in the global land crust is estimated to be 5.06×10~8 EJ,attracting considerable global attention.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the geological framework,HDR resource potential,exploration advancements,and the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) in China.HDR resources are extensively distributed across China.Within the depth range of 3–10 km,China’s estimated potential approximates2.29×10~7 EJ,with a theoretical power generation capacity of approximately 1.67×10^(16) k Wh.Replacing coal power with HDR can help to achieve a net emission reduction of 1.34×10^(16) kg CO_(2) (approximately1.34×10^(13) t),representing an emission reduction efficiency of 94.4%.Based on a development cycle of100 years,the average annual emission reduction reaches 1.34×10^(10) t CO_(2),equivalent to 117%of China’s annual carbon emissions in 2022.Furthermore,in the context of global warming,the development and utilization of HDR,which is feasible in virtually any region worldwide,offers significant potential to support global carbon reduction efforts.China has made substantial progress in HDR exploration in recent years.This paper systematically classifies China’s HDR resources into four genetic types—highly radioactive heat-producing,sedimentary basin,active volcanic,and intensely tectonic zones—and offers detailed exploration insights for each category.Each classification exhibits distinct geological and tectonic characteristics that influence heat source mechanisms and resource distribution.Furthermore,this paper documents significant advances in EGS construction,particularly in the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern margin of the Qianghai-Xizang Plateau and the Matouying uplift in the North China Basin,where successful reservoir stimulation,microseismic monitoring,and experimental power generation have been achieved.Despite these developments,challenges persist,including technical adaptability under complex geological conditions and the economic viability of large-scale HDR development.This paper suggests that future initiatives should emphasize resource exploration,technological research,and policy support to foster sustainable HDR resource development in China,thereby contributing to the global energy transition and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Superior mesenteric ganglia of six fetuses (35-40 weeks old) were investigated by histochemical fluorescent method. In addition to solitary SIF cells and clusters of SIF cells reported previously, a new structure of S...Superior mesenteric ganglia of six fetuses (35-40 weeks old) were investigated by histochemical fluorescent method. In addition to solitary SIF cells and clusters of SIF cells reported previously, a new structure of SIF cells was found and named ''SIF-cell nodule''. The SIF-cell nodule was composed of a large number of SIF cells and was encapsulated by dense connective tissue. Some blood vessels and nerve fibers entered the nodule. Based on the morphology, we speculated that SIF-cell nodule might be an endocrine gland.展开更多
Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio(V.)cholerae(NOVC)has emerged as a potential pathogen in patients with compromised health conditions[1].We report the whole genome sequencing(WGS)of a rare NOVC sepsis isolate(GenBank Accession:G...Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio(V.)cholerae(NOVC)has emerged as a potential pathogen in patients with compromised health conditions[1].We report the whole genome sequencing(WGS)of a rare NOVC sepsis isolate(GenBank Accession:GCF_051906115.1)from an 89-year-old male admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)with septic shock(lactate 6.61 mmol/L)digestive illness.展开更多
Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-i...Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-invasion affects plant taxonomic diversity and invasibility in plant communities in China.We found that co-invasions by one or two Asteraceae species decreased plant diversity and increased community invasibility.However,co-invasion by three Asteraceae species increased plant diversity and community invasibility.We also found that plant taxonomic diversity was negatively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.Conversely,community invasibility was positively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.These findings indicate that the number of Asteraceae invasive species positively correlates with total coverage,diversity,dominance,evenness,and invasibility.Our study shows that co-invasion by three IAS may increase plant taxonomic diversity but also community invasibility,which may further facilitate subsequent invasion.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administratio...This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.展开更多
Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity p...Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.展开更多
The connection between climatic factors and grazing is essential for maintaining ecosystem function and vegetation productivity.This study examined the impact of grazing intensity on vegetation across a broad climatic...The connection between climatic factors and grazing is essential for maintaining ecosystem function and vegetation productivity.This study examined the impact of grazing intensity on vegetation across a broad climatic gradient spanning the Espinal,Argentine Low Monte,and Patagonian Steppe ecoregions of Argentina.The research was carried out at eight sampling sites with radial grazing gradients generated around artificial water sources(piospheres),exhibiting two contrasting response patterns of vegetation to grazing pressure.One of the response patterns shows a typical vegetation response to grazing that the vegetation productivity increases with the distance to the water sources(decreasing grazing intensity).The second pattern is found in drier regions,where vegetation presents an inverse productivity response that vegetation productivity is higher near water sources(high grazing intensity)due to increased shrub cover.Vegetation productivity was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Vegetation patch structure and cover were determined for each site with high,medium,and low grazing intensities.Results indicated that shrub cover is the primary driver of vegetation productivity,showing contrasting responses to grazing intensity between the two identified patterns.While NDVI proved to be a reliable proxy for shrub cover and total vegetation cover(R2>0.70),it failed to reflect grass cover dynamics.Furthermore,mean annual temperature was more strongly correlated with vegetation cover changes,while grazing intensity significantly altered vegetation patch structure and soil cover distribution.Specifically,in drier regions,high grazing intensity led to larger patches while,in wetter regions,it led to smaller patches(fragmentation).Shrubs,with their deeper roots and drought tolerance,were less preferred and more resistant to grazing in arid environments and thrived under grazing pressure in these arid conditions.Our results underscored the need for adaptive management strategies in grazing systems.Traditional approaches may require significant adjustments,as the efficacy of management hinges on the interplay of specific climatic conditions and the varied responses of vegetation.Furthermore,effective conservation efforts should prioritize the recognition and protection of shrubs given their critical contribution to ecosystem function and biodiversity.Ultimately,this research provides a valuable framework to understand the complex dynamics between grazing and vegetation in arid and semi-arid environments,highlighting that sustainable grazing practices should be tailored to account for both climatic variables and the unique characteristics of different plant communities.展开更多
As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical ...As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.展开更多
Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that empl...Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that employs machine learning algorithms as the basis for its inference rules.The system comprises four modules:a database,a repository,an inference engine,and an interpreter.A database containing 1114 rockburst cases was used to construct 357 datasets that serve as the repository for the expert system.Additionally,19 types of machine learning algorithms were used to establish 6783 micro-models to construct cognitive rules within the inference engine.By integrating probability theory and marginal analysis,a fuzzy scoring method based on the SoftMax function was developed and applied to the interpreter for rockburst intensity level prediction,effectively restoring the continuity of rockburst characteristics.The research results indicate that ensemble algorithms based on decision trees are more effective in capturing the characteristics of rockburst.Key factors for accurate prediction of rockburst intensity include uniaxial compressive strength,elastic energy index,the maximum principal stress,tangential stress,and their composite indicators.The accuracy of the proposed rockburst intensity level prediction expert system was verified using 20 engineering rockburst cases,with predictions aligning closely with the actual rockburst intensity levels.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriter...Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.展开更多
In fatigue damage tolerance verification tests of aircraft structures,the simulation and loading of flight-byflight spectra require considerable time and resources.To improve the efficiency of load spectrum design and...In fatigue damage tolerance verification tests of aircraft structures,the simulation and loading of flight-byflight spectra require considerable time and resources.To improve the efficiency of load spectrum design and testing,an equivalent constant-amplitude spectrum design method for flight-by-flight spectra is proposed based on the equivalence of crack growth behavior.By combining the Paris crack growth model with the Walker stress ratio correction,the equivalent stress amplitude is directly calculated using structural parameters and load spectrum characteristics,enabling a rapid transformation from variable-amplitude spectra to constant-amplitude spectra.The original spectrum is discretized based on the load-exceedance curve,and the equivalence relationship between multilevel block spectra and constant-amplitude spectra is established.Taking a typical lower wing skin structure of a transport aircraft as an example,two equivalent spectra are designed and validated through fatigue crack growth tests on 2024-T351 center-hole plate specimens.The experimental results show that the fatigue life deviation between the equivalent spectra and the original flight-by-flight spectrum is within 10%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.Moreover,the equivalent spectrum constructed under the condition of invariant mean flight stress exhibits higher equivalence accuracy.The influence of spectral shape on the equivalent stress amplitude is further analyzed,revealing that the equivalent stress amplitude increases with the spectrum shape coefficient.The proposed method provides a useful reference for load spectrum design in aircraft structural damage tolerance verification tests.展开更多
Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(...Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(2DOF)modal pushover-based scaling procedure(2DMPS)has been developed for a nonlinear dynamic analysis of asymmetric in-plan buildings.The 2DMPS procedure scales ground motions to approach close enough to a target value of the inelastic displacement of the first-mode inelastic 2DOF modal stick,extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes.Further,4-,6-and 13-story RC SMRF buildings were selected for analyses using ground motion records scaled by the 2DMPS procedure,the modal pushover-based scaling method(MPS),and ASCE/SEI 7-16 scaling procedures.The median values of EDPs on scaled records closely matched the benchmark results.The bias in the EDP values due to the scaled records in every group regarding their median value was lower than the dispersion of the 21 unscaled records.These results generally demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the 2DMPS method.Additionally,the 2DOF modal stick’s inelastic response spectra are better suited for calculating seismic demands for one-way asymmetric-plan structures than the SDOF inelastic response spectra.展开更多
The process of nuclear fusion in the presence of a laser field was theoretically analyzed.The analysis is applicable to most fusion reactions and different types of currently available intense lasers,from X-ray free-e...The process of nuclear fusion in the presence of a laser field was theoretically analyzed.The analysis is applicable to most fusion reactions and different types of currently available intense lasers,from X-ray free-electron lasers to solid-state near-infrared lasers.Laser fields were shown to enhance the fusion yields,and the mechanism of this enhancement was explained.Low-frequency lasers are more efficient in enhancing fusion than high-frequency lasers.The calculation results show enhancements of fusion yields by orders of magnitude with currently available intense low-frequency laser fields.The temperature requirement for controlled nuclear fusion may be reduced with the aid of intense laser fields.展开更多
Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical cra...Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical crack under combined mechanical and electric loading,considering both central and edge cracks.Using Fourier transforms and dislocation density functions,the Mode-Ⅲproblem is converted to Cauchy-type singular integral equations.The crack surface fields,intensity factors,and energy release rate are derived.The accuracy of the proposed model is verified through the finite element(FE)simulation via COMSOL Multiphysics.The results for low electron concentrations align with those of the intrinsic piezoelectric materials,validating the correctness of the present model as well.The combined effects of crack position,applied electric loading,and initial carrier concentration on the crack propagation are analyzed.The normalized electric displacement factor shows heightened sensitivity to crack size,electromechanical loading,and carrier concentration.The crack position significantly influences the crack surface fields and normalized intensity factors due to the boundary proximity effect.展开更多
Sustainable energy systems will entail a change in the carbon intensity projections,which should be carried out in a proper manner to facilitate the smooth running of the grid and reduce greenhouse emissions.The prese...Sustainable energy systems will entail a change in the carbon intensity projections,which should be carried out in a proper manner to facilitate the smooth running of the grid and reduce greenhouse emissions.The present article outlines the TransCarbonNet,a novel hybrid deep learning framework with self-attention characteristics added to the bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)network to forecast the carbon intensity of the grid several days.The proposed temporal fusion model not only learns the local temporal interactions but also the long-term patterns of the carbon emission data;hence,it is able to give suitable forecasts over a period of seven days.TransCarbonNet takes advantage of a multi-head self-attention element to identify significant temporal connections,which means the Bi-LSTM element calculates sequential dependencies in both directions.Massive tests on two actual data sets indicate much improved results in comparison with the existing results,with mean relative errors of 15.3 percent and 12.7 percent,respectively.The framework has given explicable weights of attention that reveal critical periods that influence carbon intensity alterations,and informed decisions on the management of carbon sustainability.The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been validated in numerous cases of operations,and TransCarbonNet is established to be an effective tool when it comes to carbon-friendly optimization of the grid.展开更多
A complementary method to determine the vibration source intensity,defined as the weighted vertical acceleration level at the tunnel wall,is needed urgently when comparable measurements or database predictions are una...A complementary method to determine the vibration source intensity,defined as the weighted vertical acceleration level at the tunnel wall,is needed urgently when comparable measurements or database predictions are unavailable in empirical predictions.In this study,we present an analytical model designed to quickly and accurately estimate the vibration source intensity produced by moving metro trains,considering both regular and floating slab tracks.The improved periodic pipe-in-pipe(PiP)model with regular or floating slabs affixed to the tunnel invert was developed.The train loads are represented in the frequency-wavenumber domain to apply in the model.Measured track irregularities were applied and the proposed model was validated against the measured results and verified by a tunnel-soil coupled model.The proposed approach effectively and accurately assessed the vibration source intensity generated by underground trains in a prediction time of just 58 s.Track irregularities significantly affect the vibration source intensity,making them a key factor in comparable measurements or database predictions.A floating slab track can reduce the vibration source intensity by about 14 dB.The proposed approach can serve as an additional method to complement comparable measurements or database predictions for determining the vibration source intensity in empirical predictions.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patient...Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients.Methods We conducted a single-center,prospective,parallel-group feasibility randomized controlled trial.We recruited 80 participants using convenience sampling from the ICU of a hospital in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,between March 2025 and June 2025,and they were randomly assigned to either the control group(routine care)or the intervention group(routine care plus image recognition-based detection system).The system continuously tracked patients’hand positions via bedside cameras and generated real-time alarms when hands entered predefined risk zones,notifying on-duty nurses to enable early intervention.System stability was assessed by continuous system uptime;system performance and clinical feasibility were evaluated by the frequencies of risk actions and accidental dislodgement of medical supplies(ADMS).Results All 80 participants completed the intervention,with 40 patients in each group.The baseline characteristics and median observation time of the two groups were balanced(intervention group:48 h/patient vs.control group:49 h/patient).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed fewer ADMS(2/40 vs.9/40)and detected more risk actions per 100 h(36 vs.25);all system-detected events had corroborating images with complete concordance on manual review,and all nurse-recorded hand-contact events were accurately captured.Conclusions The study demonstrated that the image recognition-based detection system can function stably in clinical settings,providing accurate and continuous surveillance while supporting the early detection of risk actions.By reducing the observation burden and offering real-time cognitive support,the system complements routine nursing care and serves as an additional safety measure in ICU practice.With further optimization and larger multicenter validation,this approach could have the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of smart ICUs and the broader digital transformation of nursing care.展开更多
When micro/nano-scale gradient coatings are subject to large thermal gradients or high heat fluxes,the spatial size effect cannot be ignored.It is important to understand how the size effect influences the thermal fra...When micro/nano-scale gradient coatings are subject to large thermal gradients or high heat fluxes,the spatial size effect cannot be ignored.It is important to understand how the size effect influences the thermal fracture behavior of functionally graded coating/substrate structures.This study aims at analyzing the transient thermal fracture behavior of collinear interface cracks in functionally graded coating/substrate structures based on the nonlocal dual-phase-lag heat conduction model.By means of integral transform techniques,the mixed boundary problem is transformed into a set of singular integral equations,which are solved by the Chebyshev polynomials.The effects of the nonlocal parameter,coating thickness,crack spacing,and non-homogeneous parameters on the temperature and stress intensity factors(SIFs)are examined.The numerical results show that these parameters play an essential role in controlling the thermal fracture behavior of the structures,especially at micro/nano-scales.展开更多
Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the fo...Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB1507401)Qinghai Province Clean Energy Minerals Special Project(2022013004qj004)Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (DD20221676, DD20230019)。
文摘The available heat content (stored heat energy) of hot dry rock (HDR) at a depth of 1–10 km in the global land crust is estimated to be 5.06×10~8 EJ,attracting considerable global attention.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the geological framework,HDR resource potential,exploration advancements,and the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) in China.HDR resources are extensively distributed across China.Within the depth range of 3–10 km,China’s estimated potential approximates2.29×10~7 EJ,with a theoretical power generation capacity of approximately 1.67×10^(16) k Wh.Replacing coal power with HDR can help to achieve a net emission reduction of 1.34×10^(16) kg CO_(2) (approximately1.34×10^(13) t),representing an emission reduction efficiency of 94.4%.Based on a development cycle of100 years,the average annual emission reduction reaches 1.34×10^(10) t CO_(2),equivalent to 117%of China’s annual carbon emissions in 2022.Furthermore,in the context of global warming,the development and utilization of HDR,which is feasible in virtually any region worldwide,offers significant potential to support global carbon reduction efforts.China has made substantial progress in HDR exploration in recent years.This paper systematically classifies China’s HDR resources into four genetic types—highly radioactive heat-producing,sedimentary basin,active volcanic,and intensely tectonic zones—and offers detailed exploration insights for each category.Each classification exhibits distinct geological and tectonic characteristics that influence heat source mechanisms and resource distribution.Furthermore,this paper documents significant advances in EGS construction,particularly in the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern margin of the Qianghai-Xizang Plateau and the Matouying uplift in the North China Basin,where successful reservoir stimulation,microseismic monitoring,and experimental power generation have been achieved.Despite these developments,challenges persist,including technical adaptability under complex geological conditions and the economic viability of large-scale HDR development.This paper suggests that future initiatives should emphasize resource exploration,technological research,and policy support to foster sustainable HDR resource development in China,thereby contributing to the global energy transition and environmental sustainability.
文摘Superior mesenteric ganglia of six fetuses (35-40 weeks old) were investigated by histochemical fluorescent method. In addition to solitary SIF cells and clusters of SIF cells reported previously, a new structure of SIF cells was found and named ''SIF-cell nodule''. The SIF-cell nodule was composed of a large number of SIF cells and was encapsulated by dense connective tissue. Some blood vessels and nerve fibers entered the nodule. Based on the morphology, we speculated that SIF-cell nodule might be an endocrine gland.
文摘Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio(V.)cholerae(NOVC)has emerged as a potential pathogen in patients with compromised health conditions[1].We report the whole genome sequencing(WGS)of a rare NOVC sepsis isolate(GenBank Accession:GCF_051906115.1)from an 89-year-old male admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)with septic shock(lactate 6.61 mmol/L)digestive illness.
基金funded by the following sources:State Key Research Development Program of China(2024YFF1307500)Open Science Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology,Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province,China(KF-2024-112)+2 种基金Special Research Project of School of Emergency Management,Jiangsu University(KY-C-01)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment(no grant number)Research project on the application of invasive plants in soil ecological restoration in Jiangsu(20240110).
文摘Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-invasion affects plant taxonomic diversity and invasibility in plant communities in China.We found that co-invasions by one or two Asteraceae species decreased plant diversity and increased community invasibility.However,co-invasion by three Asteraceae species increased plant diversity and community invasibility.We also found that plant taxonomic diversity was negatively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.Conversely,community invasibility was positively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.These findings indicate that the number of Asteraceae invasive species positively correlates with total coverage,diversity,dominance,evenness,and invasibility.Our study shows that co-invasion by three IAS may increase plant taxonomic diversity but also community invasibility,which may further facilitate subsequent invasion.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.
文摘Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.
基金supported by the Universidad Nacional de Río Negro(PI-UNRN 40C-1088)the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(PIP-CONICET 2023-402).
文摘The connection between climatic factors and grazing is essential for maintaining ecosystem function and vegetation productivity.This study examined the impact of grazing intensity on vegetation across a broad climatic gradient spanning the Espinal,Argentine Low Monte,and Patagonian Steppe ecoregions of Argentina.The research was carried out at eight sampling sites with radial grazing gradients generated around artificial water sources(piospheres),exhibiting two contrasting response patterns of vegetation to grazing pressure.One of the response patterns shows a typical vegetation response to grazing that the vegetation productivity increases with the distance to the water sources(decreasing grazing intensity).The second pattern is found in drier regions,where vegetation presents an inverse productivity response that vegetation productivity is higher near water sources(high grazing intensity)due to increased shrub cover.Vegetation productivity was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Vegetation patch structure and cover were determined for each site with high,medium,and low grazing intensities.Results indicated that shrub cover is the primary driver of vegetation productivity,showing contrasting responses to grazing intensity between the two identified patterns.While NDVI proved to be a reliable proxy for shrub cover and total vegetation cover(R2>0.70),it failed to reflect grass cover dynamics.Furthermore,mean annual temperature was more strongly correlated with vegetation cover changes,while grazing intensity significantly altered vegetation patch structure and soil cover distribution.Specifically,in drier regions,high grazing intensity led to larger patches while,in wetter regions,it led to smaller patches(fragmentation).Shrubs,with their deeper roots and drought tolerance,were less preferred and more resistant to grazing in arid environments and thrived under grazing pressure in these arid conditions.Our results underscored the need for adaptive management strategies in grazing systems.Traditional approaches may require significant adjustments,as the efficacy of management hinges on the interplay of specific climatic conditions and the varied responses of vegetation.Furthermore,effective conservation efforts should prioritize the recognition and protection of shrubs given their critical contribution to ecosystem function and biodiversity.Ultimately,this research provides a valuable framework to understand the complex dynamics between grazing and vegetation in arid and semi-arid environments,highlighting that sustainable grazing practices should be tailored to account for both climatic variables and the unique characteristics of different plant communities.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001700)the Unveiling and Leading Projects(2022kj05)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation Team of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj02)the Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNDC20250149).
文摘As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.
基金Project(42077244)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2020-05)supported by the Open Research Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization,China。
文摘Accurate prediction of rockburst intensity levels is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep hard rock engineering construction.This paper introduced an expert system for rockburst intensity level prediction that employs machine learning algorithms as the basis for its inference rules.The system comprises four modules:a database,a repository,an inference engine,and an interpreter.A database containing 1114 rockburst cases was used to construct 357 datasets that serve as the repository for the expert system.Additionally,19 types of machine learning algorithms were used to establish 6783 micro-models to construct cognitive rules within the inference engine.By integrating probability theory and marginal analysis,a fuzzy scoring method based on the SoftMax function was developed and applied to the interpreter for rockburst intensity level prediction,effectively restoring the continuity of rockburst characteristics.The research results indicate that ensemble algorithms based on decision trees are more effective in capturing the characteristics of rockburst.Key factors for accurate prediction of rockburst intensity include uniaxial compressive strength,elastic energy index,the maximum principal stress,tangential stress,and their composite indicators.The accuracy of the proposed rockburst intensity level prediction expert system was verified using 20 engineering rockburst cases,with predictions aligning closely with the actual rockburst intensity levels.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
基金partly supported by Engineering Partners Inter-national,LLC,Richfield,MN 55423(PC13803,482842-58309).
文摘Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075244).
文摘In fatigue damage tolerance verification tests of aircraft structures,the simulation and loading of flight-byflight spectra require considerable time and resources.To improve the efficiency of load spectrum design and testing,an equivalent constant-amplitude spectrum design method for flight-by-flight spectra is proposed based on the equivalence of crack growth behavior.By combining the Paris crack growth model with the Walker stress ratio correction,the equivalent stress amplitude is directly calculated using structural parameters and load spectrum characteristics,enabling a rapid transformation from variable-amplitude spectra to constant-amplitude spectra.The original spectrum is discretized based on the load-exceedance curve,and the equivalence relationship between multilevel block spectra and constant-amplitude spectra is established.Taking a typical lower wing skin structure of a transport aircraft as an example,two equivalent spectra are designed and validated through fatigue crack growth tests on 2024-T351 center-hole plate specimens.The experimental results show that the fatigue life deviation between the equivalent spectra and the original flight-by-flight spectrum is within 10%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.Moreover,the equivalent spectrum constructed under the condition of invariant mean flight stress exhibits higher equivalence accuracy.The influence of spectral shape on the equivalent stress amplitude is further analyzed,revealing that the equivalent stress amplitude increases with the spectrum shape coefficient.The proposed method provides a useful reference for load spectrum design in aircraft structural damage tolerance verification tests.
文摘Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(2DOF)modal pushover-based scaling procedure(2DMPS)has been developed for a nonlinear dynamic analysis of asymmetric in-plan buildings.The 2DMPS procedure scales ground motions to approach close enough to a target value of the inelastic displacement of the first-mode inelastic 2DOF modal stick,extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes.Further,4-,6-and 13-story RC SMRF buildings were selected for analyses using ground motion records scaled by the 2DMPS procedure,the modal pushover-based scaling method(MPS),and ASCE/SEI 7-16 scaling procedures.The median values of EDPs on scaled records closely matched the benchmark results.The bias in the EDP values due to the scaled records in every group regarding their median value was lower than the dispersion of the 21 unscaled records.These results generally demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the 2DMPS method.Additionally,the 2DOF modal stick’s inelastic response spectra are better suited for calculating seismic demands for one-way asymmetric-plan structures than the SDOF inelastic response spectra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12405288,12374241,12474484,U2330401,12088101)the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(No.GDRC202526)。
文摘The process of nuclear fusion in the presence of a laser field was theoretically analyzed.The analysis is applicable to most fusion reactions and different types of currently available intense lasers,from X-ray free-electron lasers to solid-state near-infrared lasers.Laser fields were shown to enhance the fusion yields,and the mechanism of this enhancement was explained.Low-frequency lasers are more efficient in enhancing fusion than high-frequency lasers.The calculation results show enhancements of fusion yields by orders of magnitude with currently available intense low-frequency laser fields.The temperature requirement for controlled nuclear fusion may be reduced with the aid of intense laser fields.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(Nos.2022B1515020099 and 2024A1515240026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.HIT.OCEF.2024019)。
文摘Understanding the fracture behavior of vertical cracks in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)structures is vital due to their impacts on device reliability.This study establishes a model for a PS strip with a vertical crack under combined mechanical and electric loading,considering both central and edge cracks.Using Fourier transforms and dislocation density functions,the Mode-Ⅲproblem is converted to Cauchy-type singular integral equations.The crack surface fields,intensity factors,and energy release rate are derived.The accuracy of the proposed model is verified through the finite element(FE)simulation via COMSOL Multiphysics.The results for low electron concentrations align with those of the intrinsic piezoelectric materials,validating the correctness of the present model as well.The combined effects of crack position,applied electric loading,and initial carrier concentration on the crack propagation are analyzed.The normalized electric displacement factor shows heightened sensitivity to crack size,electromechanical loading,and carrier concentration.The crack position significantly influences the crack surface fields and normalized intensity factors due to the boundary proximity effect.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Libraries at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the“Nafea”Program,Grant No.(NP-45-082).
文摘Sustainable energy systems will entail a change in the carbon intensity projections,which should be carried out in a proper manner to facilitate the smooth running of the grid and reduce greenhouse emissions.The present article outlines the TransCarbonNet,a novel hybrid deep learning framework with self-attention characteristics added to the bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)network to forecast the carbon intensity of the grid several days.The proposed temporal fusion model not only learns the local temporal interactions but also the long-term patterns of the carbon emission data;hence,it is able to give suitable forecasts over a period of seven days.TransCarbonNet takes advantage of a multi-head self-attention element to identify significant temporal connections,which means the Bi-LSTM element calculates sequential dependencies in both directions.Massive tests on two actual data sets indicate much improved results in comparison with the existing results,with mean relative errors of 15.3 percent and 12.7 percent,respectively.The framework has given explicable weights of attention that reveal critical periods that influence carbon intensity alterations,and informed decisions on the management of carbon sustainability.The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been validated in numerous cases of operations,and TransCarbonNet is established to be an effective tool when it comes to carbon-friendly optimization of the grid.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(No.ZR2024QE071).
文摘A complementary method to determine the vibration source intensity,defined as the weighted vertical acceleration level at the tunnel wall,is needed urgently when comparable measurements or database predictions are unavailable in empirical predictions.In this study,we present an analytical model designed to quickly and accurately estimate the vibration source intensity produced by moving metro trains,considering both regular and floating slab tracks.The improved periodic pipe-in-pipe(PiP)model with regular or floating slabs affixed to the tunnel invert was developed.The train loads are represented in the frequency-wavenumber domain to apply in the model.Measured track irregularities were applied and the proposed model was validated against the measured results and verified by a tunnel-soil coupled model.The proposed approach effectively and accurately assessed the vibration source intensity generated by underground trains in a prediction time of just 58 s.Track irregularities significantly affect the vibration source intensity,making them a key factor in comparable measurements or database predictions.A floating slab track can reduce the vibration source intensity by about 14 dB.The proposed approach can serve as an additional method to complement comparable measurements or database predictions for determining the vibration source intensity in empirical predictions.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients.Methods We conducted a single-center,prospective,parallel-group feasibility randomized controlled trial.We recruited 80 participants using convenience sampling from the ICU of a hospital in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,between March 2025 and June 2025,and they were randomly assigned to either the control group(routine care)or the intervention group(routine care plus image recognition-based detection system).The system continuously tracked patients’hand positions via bedside cameras and generated real-time alarms when hands entered predefined risk zones,notifying on-duty nurses to enable early intervention.System stability was assessed by continuous system uptime;system performance and clinical feasibility were evaluated by the frequencies of risk actions and accidental dislodgement of medical supplies(ADMS).Results All 80 participants completed the intervention,with 40 patients in each group.The baseline characteristics and median observation time of the two groups were balanced(intervention group:48 h/patient vs.control group:49 h/patient).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed fewer ADMS(2/40 vs.9/40)and detected more risk actions per 100 h(36 vs.25);all system-detected events had corroborating images with complete concordance on manual review,and all nurse-recorded hand-contact events were accurately captured.Conclusions The study demonstrated that the image recognition-based detection system can function stably in clinical settings,providing accurate and continuous surveillance while supporting the early detection of risk actions.By reducing the observation burden and offering real-time cognitive support,the system complements routine nursing care and serves as an additional safety measure in ICU practice.With further optimization and larger multicenter validation,this approach could have the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of smart ICUs and the broader digital transformation of nursing care.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(No.ZR2024MA085)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(No.27RA2515008)。
文摘When micro/nano-scale gradient coatings are subject to large thermal gradients or high heat fluxes,the spatial size effect cannot be ignored.It is important to understand how the size effect influences the thermal fracture behavior of functionally graded coating/substrate structures.This study aims at analyzing the transient thermal fracture behavior of collinear interface cracks in functionally graded coating/substrate structures based on the nonlocal dual-phase-lag heat conduction model.By means of integral transform techniques,the mixed boundary problem is transformed into a set of singular integral equations,which are solved by the Chebyshev polynomials.The effects of the nonlocal parameter,coating thickness,crack spacing,and non-homogeneous parameters on the temperature and stress intensity factors(SIFs)are examined.The numerical results show that these parameters play an essential role in controlling the thermal fracture behavior of the structures,especially at micro/nano-scales.
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No.24-62-00032.
文摘Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.
