One effective and proven tool for managing risk is insurance. At the same time, insurers, reinsurers, insurance, and reinsurance brokers in search of the relevant value of their services in the eyes of insured and lon...One effective and proven tool for managing risk is insurance. At the same time, insurers, reinsurers, insurance, and reinsurance brokers in search of the relevant value of their services in the eyes of insured and long-term benefits are increasingly paying attention to the possibilities of nanotechnology. On one hand, insurers see unlimited possibilities of nanotechnology in preventive and repressive activity in relation to losses. The obstacle in this case, for high-tech companies, is stiff competition from companies which are not innovation leaders, but with the necessary influence and power at the international and national market. On the other hand, understanding the reasons for the application of nanotechnology in the conflict prevention activities of the insurer allows him to develop and implement a more flexible strategy for sustainable development of the business.展开更多
Four more foreign insurance companieshave been given approval to open branchesor set up joint ventures in China by theInsurance Regulatory Commission.They
This study investigates the optimal reinsurance for crop insurance in China in an insurer＇s perspective using the data from Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Liaoning, China. On the basis of the loss ratio distributions mod...This study investigates the optimal reinsurance for crop insurance in China in an insurer＇s perspective using the data from Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Liaoning, China. On the basis of the loss ratio distributions modeled by An Hua Crop Risk Evaluation System, we use the empirical model developed by Tan and Weng（2014） to study the optimal reinsurance design for crop insurance in China. We find that, when the primary insurer＇s loss function, the principle of the reinsurance premium calculation, and the risk measure are given, the level of risk tolerance of the primary insurer, the safety loading coefficient of the reinsurer, and the constraint on reinsurance premium budget affect the optimal reinsurance design. When a strict constraint on reinsurance premium budget is implemented, which often occurs in reality, the limited stop loss reinsurance is optimal, consistent with the common practice in reality. This study provides suggestions for decision making regarding the crop reinsurance in China. It also provides empirical evidence for the literature on optimal reinsurance from the insurance market of China. This evidence undoubtedly has an important practical significance for the development of China＇s crop insurance.展开更多
This paper addresses the coordination problem of price and quality setting insurers, arising on the health insurance market under regulated competition, as introduced, for instance, in the Netherlands in 2006. We use ...This paper addresses the coordination problem of price and quality setting insurers, arising on the health insurance market under regulated competition, as introduced, for instance, in the Netherlands in 2006. We use an experimental study to gain novel insights on the impact of the uncertainty about consumer preferences on the coordination problem. This fundamental uncertainty implies uncertainty about the identity of the payoff dominant equilibrium, while the risk dominant equilibrium is independent of the state of the world. The experimental results show that insurers are more likely to coordinate on the payoff dominant equilibrium under incomplete information. When insurers face not only strategic but also fundamental uncertainty in the coordination problem, they delay the response to the risk dominant strategy, and persist longer in trying to coordinate on the payoff dominant equilibrium. For the market we study, this implies that the co-ordination under incomplete information will result in consumers paying higher prices, in contrast to the original objectives of the regulated competition.展开更多
The rapidly aging population in China is a great challenge for the country’s development and social security system, while it presents opportunities for insurance companies,according to a recent report by The Boston ...The rapidly aging population in China is a great challenge for the country’s development and social security system, while it presents opportunities for insurance companies,according to a recent report by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Swiss Re.展开更多
We present qualitative data from a study in Ghana （2011）, where the National Health Insurance Scheme （NHIS） was introduced to improve access to health care. In 2011 membership enrolment and retention in the scheme...We present qualitative data from a study in Ghana （2011）, where the National Health Insurance Scheme （NHIS） was introduced to improve access to health care. In 2011 membership enrolment and retention in the scheme was stalling. To obtain better insights into socio-cultural factors that influence utilization of healthcare services and the NHIS this study compared Explanatory Models of healthcare clients with those of primary healthcare providers and the NHIS regarding illness, the need for, the quality of, and the control over heaithcare and health insurance services. We found critical disparities in socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions of healthcare and health insurance between these three stakeholder groups, such as the clients＇ holistic view on illness versus healthcare providers＇ bio-medical view; the clients＇ inter-relational focus in perceiving quality of services versus the providers＇ medical technical focus. These differences are leading to misconceptions, blame practice, poor services, non-adherence and low trust. The findings increase our understanding of clients＇ behavior and that of their service providers. We conclude with key messages for policy leaders and operational managers that can guide them in improving services and facilitating client trust and interest to participate in health insurance and utilize healthcare services.展开更多
The main business of Life Insurers is Long Term contractual obligations with a typical lifetime of 20 - 40 years. Therefore, the Solvency metric is defined by the adequacy of capital to service the cash flow requireme...The main business of Life Insurers is Long Term contractual obligations with a typical lifetime of 20 - 40 years. Therefore, the Solvency metric is defined by the adequacy of capital to service the cash flow requirements arising from the said obligations. The main component inducing volatility in Capital is market sensitive Assets, such as Bonds and Equity. Bond and Equity prices in Sri Lanka are highly sensitive to macro-economic elements such as investor sentiment, political stability, policy environment, economic growth, fiscal stimulus, utility environment and in the case of Equity, societal sentiment on certain companies and industries. Therefore, if an entity is to accurately forecast the impact on solvency through asset valuation, the impact of macro-economic variables on asset pricing must be modelled mathematically. This paper explores mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts such as Brownian motion, Markov Processes, Derivation and Integration as well as Probability theorems such as the Probability Density Function in determining the optimum mathematical model which depicts the accurate relationship between macro-economic variables and asset pricing.展开更多
Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developi...Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.展开更多
China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integra...China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'...The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'perceptions of risk and risk management paradigms.The Chinese insurance industry has experienced short-term pain due to the impact of the pandemic,but in the long term,the pandemic has served as a"catalyst"and"accelerator"for the industry's development,greatly enhancing societal awareness of risk protection and,with unprecedented strength,promoting the industry's digital revolution and supply-side structural reform.This article aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the macro environment,technological background,and demand changes faced by the Chinese insurance industry in the post-pandemic era,and to deeply explore the historical opportunities inherent in key areas such as health insurance,pension insurance,digital transformation,and green insurance.Additionally,this article will objectively examine the severe challenges the industry faces in the sustainability of profit models,structural mismatches in supply and demand,rebuilding trust systems,new risk management,and regulatory adaptation.Lastly,based on the above analysis,this article will propose strategic pathways and policy recommendations from three levels:national policy,industry regulation,and corporate strategy to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese insurance industry,better serving the needs of national governance modernization and the well-being of the people.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focu...In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focused on the implications of public health plans such as Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI)and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance as well as out-of-pocket ratios on patient treatment plans regarding whether they pursue surgical interventions or therapeutic treatments such as chemotherapy.While Wu et al put forth potential explanations for why patients with the UEBMI plan surprisingly had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death,more analysis is needed to alleviate cancer burden within this group.Although it is likely that patients covered by Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance and higher out-ofpocket ratios have stronger self-recovery awareness,more work must be done to improve outcomes for people with the UEBMI plan while simultaneously implementing international and domestic initiatives to better emphasize cancer prevention and early detection.Lastly,future research must explore the relationship between Serious Illness Medical Insurance as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical System on the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients in rural China,where disease burden is significantly higher than urban areas.By unifying these public health insurance schemes,officials can significantly alleviate economic burden of treatment and better prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer.展开更多
As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerg...As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerging as a phenomenal success in China's inclusive insurance landscape.This paper examines its evolution,operational mechanisms,and effectiveness,identifying core challenges including declining participation and renewal rates,adverse selection,uneven benefit compensation,and insufficient information disclosure.It proposes sustainable development pathways across five dimensions:government role,financing and payment,product stratification,service value-added,and technology empowerment.The study demonstrates that the future of Huimin Insurance will likely evolve towards a model characterized by provincial-level co-ordination,stratified benefit design,dynamic pricing,and integrated health management.Its success or failure will ultimately determine the integration depth of China's multi-tiered medical security system and significantly impact the realization of common prosperity goals.展开更多
This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured househo...This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured households,and insurance penetration,the article analyzes the primary challenges faced in the system's operation and proposes recommendations from two dimensions:institutional optimization and practical interventions.These recommendations include establishing a differentiated participation incentive mechanism,optimizing the composition of insurance products,enhancing risk diversification and reinsurance systems,creating an agricultural disaster risk reserve fund,developing a dynamic fiscal subsidy distribution mechanism based on risk and performance,improving information-sharing platforms,strengthening the rural grassroots power grid infrastructure,and accelerating the adoption of modern technologies in underwriting and claims settlement processes.The findings suggest that the coordinated advancement of institutional optimization and technological empowerment can substantially enhance the inclusiveness,sustainability,and operational efficiency of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing,thereby providing substantial support for agricultural modernization and the Rural Revitalization Strategy.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual...With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual problems in China's insurance market and put forward supporting countermeasures.First,by understanding the background of highquality insurance development,we can explain the research significance of this paper in combination with the existing national policies.Secondly,by summarizing the current situation of high-quality insurance development,the paper puts forward the shortage of insurance talents in the expansion of insurance scale,the continuous improvement of insurance density and depth,and the growth of insurance compensation in the development of high-quality insurance.Finally,from the perspective of differentiated customized insurance products,training professionals,and providing financial subsidies,we will put forward the corresponding suggestions for the problem and look forward to the future development prospects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal ...BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer cases and related deaths worldwide.AIM To explore the relationship between the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients and insurance type,out-of-pocket ratio,and the joint effects of insurance type and out-of-pocket ratio.METHODS The χ^(2) test was used to analyze patients’demographic and clinical characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression,the Cox proportional hazard model,and the competitive risk model were used to calculate the cumulative hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause death and oesophageal cancer-specific death among patients with different types of insurance and out-of-pocket ratios.RESULTS Compared with patients covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,patients covered by urban employee basic medical insurance for urban workers(UEBMI)had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death[HR=1.233,95%confidence interval(CI):1.093-1.391,P<0.005].Compared with patients in the low out-of-pocket ratio group,patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group had a 25.80%reduction in the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death(HR=0.742,95%CI:0.6555-0.84,P<0.005).With each 10%increase in the out-of-pocket ratio,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death decreased by 10.10%in patients covered by UEBMI.However,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death increased by 26.90%in patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group.CONCLUSION This study reveals the relationships of the specific mortality rate of patients with oesophageal cancer with the out-of-pocket ratio and medical insurance types as well as their combined effects.This study provides practical suggestions and guidance for the formulation of relevant policies in this area.展开更多
Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reve...Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reveals the fundamental laws governing the development of things,offering significant guidance for exploring the relationship between Huimin Insurance and basic medical insurance,and for promoting the sustainable development of the medical security system.Based on this methodology and the practical context of the medical security field,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Huimin Insurance on the sustainable development of basic medical insurance.展开更多
The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of heal...The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of health insurance on treatment availability and patient outcomes,demonstrating that the type of insurance can affect the financial burden on patients.This study investigates the effects of different types of health care coverage,namely Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance vs Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance,and the personal spending ratio on treatment decisions and survival outcomes.The database used is derived from esophageal tumor patient continuation from Chongqing University Hospital in China.A total of 2543 patients were included in the study,allowing for the formation of research cohorts.Patient information included demographic characteristics.The study followed various processes to maintain consistency,including data sources,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,health insurance,and statistical analysis.The average age at diagnosis ranged from 57-74 years,and predominantly included men,married people,and those of Han ethnic background,comprising 2088 and 2519 individuals,respectively.Upon controlling for age,sex,relationship status,country of origin,pathological evaluation,tumor stage,and biochemical indicators,individuals who had Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance exhibited a higher propensity to opt for radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy compared to those covered by the Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.During the follow-up phase of the study,a total of 1438 deaths were documented,with 1106 ascribed to esophageal cancer.Additionally,individuals with Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance had a significantly elevated risk of esophageal cancer,particularly mortality,compared to those without Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.展开更多
文摘One effective and proven tool for managing risk is insurance. At the same time, insurers, reinsurers, insurance, and reinsurance brokers in search of the relevant value of their services in the eyes of insured and long-term benefits are increasingly paying attention to the possibilities of nanotechnology. On one hand, insurers see unlimited possibilities of nanotechnology in preventive and repressive activity in relation to losses. The obstacle in this case, for high-tech companies, is stiff competition from companies which are not innovation leaders, but with the necessary influence and power at the international and national market. On the other hand, understanding the reasons for the application of nanotechnology in the conflict prevention activities of the insurer allows him to develop and implement a more flexible strategy for sustainable development of the business.
文摘Four more foreign insurance companieshave been given approval to open branchesor set up joint ventures in China by theInsurance Regulatory Commission.They
基金supports of the "Young Talents Plan" Project from the Beijing Education Committee, Chinathe Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (71102125)the MOE (Ministry of Education, China) Project of the Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities (13JJD790041)
文摘This study investigates the optimal reinsurance for crop insurance in China in an insurer＇s perspective using the data from Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Liaoning, China. On the basis of the loss ratio distributions modeled by An Hua Crop Risk Evaluation System, we use the empirical model developed by Tan and Weng（2014） to study the optimal reinsurance design for crop insurance in China. We find that, when the primary insurer＇s loss function, the principle of the reinsurance premium calculation, and the risk measure are given, the level of risk tolerance of the primary insurer, the safety loading coefficient of the reinsurer, and the constraint on reinsurance premium budget affect the optimal reinsurance design. When a strict constraint on reinsurance premium budget is implemented, which often occurs in reality, the limited stop loss reinsurance is optimal, consistent with the common practice in reality. This study provides suggestions for decision making regarding the crop reinsurance in China. It also provides empirical evidence for the literature on optimal reinsurance from the insurance market of China. This evidence undoubtedly has an important practical significance for the development of China＇s crop insurance.
文摘This paper addresses the coordination problem of price and quality setting insurers, arising on the health insurance market under regulated competition, as introduced, for instance, in the Netherlands in 2006. We use an experimental study to gain novel insights on the impact of the uncertainty about consumer preferences on the coordination problem. This fundamental uncertainty implies uncertainty about the identity of the payoff dominant equilibrium, while the risk dominant equilibrium is independent of the state of the world. The experimental results show that insurers are more likely to coordinate on the payoff dominant equilibrium under incomplete information. When insurers face not only strategic but also fundamental uncertainty in the coordination problem, they delay the response to the risk dominant strategy, and persist longer in trying to coordinate on the payoff dominant equilibrium. For the market we study, this implies that the co-ordination under incomplete information will result in consumers paying higher prices, in contrast to the original objectives of the regulated competition.
文摘The rapidly aging population in China is a great challenge for the country’s development and social security system, while it presents opportunities for insurance companies,according to a recent report by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Swiss Re.
文摘We present qualitative data from a study in Ghana （2011）, where the National Health Insurance Scheme （NHIS） was introduced to improve access to health care. In 2011 membership enrolment and retention in the scheme was stalling. To obtain better insights into socio-cultural factors that influence utilization of healthcare services and the NHIS this study compared Explanatory Models of healthcare clients with those of primary healthcare providers and the NHIS regarding illness, the need for, the quality of, and the control over heaithcare and health insurance services. We found critical disparities in socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions of healthcare and health insurance between these three stakeholder groups, such as the clients＇ holistic view on illness versus healthcare providers＇ bio-medical view; the clients＇ inter-relational focus in perceiving quality of services versus the providers＇ medical technical focus. These differences are leading to misconceptions, blame practice, poor services, non-adherence and low trust. The findings increase our understanding of clients＇ behavior and that of their service providers. We conclude with key messages for policy leaders and operational managers that can guide them in improving services and facilitating client trust and interest to participate in health insurance and utilize healthcare services.
文摘The main business of Life Insurers is Long Term contractual obligations with a typical lifetime of 20 - 40 years. Therefore, the Solvency metric is defined by the adequacy of capital to service the cash flow requirements arising from the said obligations. The main component inducing volatility in Capital is market sensitive Assets, such as Bonds and Equity. Bond and Equity prices in Sri Lanka are highly sensitive to macro-economic elements such as investor sentiment, political stability, policy environment, economic growth, fiscal stimulus, utility environment and in the case of Equity, societal sentiment on certain companies and industries. Therefore, if an entity is to accurately forecast the impact on solvency through asset valuation, the impact of macro-economic variables on asset pricing must be modelled mathematically. This paper explores mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts such as Brownian motion, Markov Processes, Derivation and Integration as well as Probability theorems such as the Probability Density Function in determining the optimum mathematical model which depicts the accurate relationship between macro-economic variables and asset pricing.
文摘Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071042)。
文摘China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'perceptions of risk and risk management paradigms.The Chinese insurance industry has experienced short-term pain due to the impact of the pandemic,but in the long term,the pandemic has served as a"catalyst"and"accelerator"for the industry's development,greatly enhancing societal awareness of risk protection and,with unprecedented strength,promoting the industry's digital revolution and supply-side structural reform.This article aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the macro environment,technological background,and demand changes faced by the Chinese insurance industry in the post-pandemic era,and to deeply explore the historical opportunities inherent in key areas such as health insurance,pension insurance,digital transformation,and green insurance.Additionally,this article will objectively examine the severe challenges the industry faces in the sustainability of profit models,structural mismatches in supply and demand,rebuilding trust systems,new risk management,and regulatory adaptation.Lastly,based on the above analysis,this article will propose strategic pathways and policy recommendations from three levels:national policy,industry regulation,and corporate strategy to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese insurance industry,better serving the needs of national governance modernization and the well-being of the people.
文摘In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focused on the implications of public health plans such as Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI)and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance as well as out-of-pocket ratios on patient treatment plans regarding whether they pursue surgical interventions or therapeutic treatments such as chemotherapy.While Wu et al put forth potential explanations for why patients with the UEBMI plan surprisingly had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death,more analysis is needed to alleviate cancer burden within this group.Although it is likely that patients covered by Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance and higher out-ofpocket ratios have stronger self-recovery awareness,more work must be done to improve outcomes for people with the UEBMI plan while simultaneously implementing international and domestic initiatives to better emphasize cancer prevention and early detection.Lastly,future research must explore the relationship between Serious Illness Medical Insurance as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical System on the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients in rural China,where disease burden is significantly higher than urban areas.By unifying these public health insurance schemes,officials can significantly alleviate economic burden of treatment and better prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer.
文摘As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerging as a phenomenal success in China's inclusive insurance landscape.This paper examines its evolution,operational mechanisms,and effectiveness,identifying core challenges including declining participation and renewal rates,adverse selection,uneven benefit compensation,and insufficient information disclosure.It proposes sustainable development pathways across five dimensions:government role,financing and payment,product stratification,service value-added,and technology empowerment.The study demonstrates that the future of Huimin Insurance will likely evolve towards a model characterized by provincial-level co-ordination,stratified benefit design,dynamic pricing,and integrated health management.Its success or failure will ultimately determine the integration depth of China's multi-tiered medical security system and significantly impact the realization of common prosperity goals.
基金Supported by Chongqing Social Science Planning Project(Doctoral Project)"Research Support on the Impact of Policy-based Agricultural Insurance on the Production Behavior of Chinese Farmers"(2020BS39).
文摘This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured households,and insurance penetration,the article analyzes the primary challenges faced in the system's operation and proposes recommendations from two dimensions:institutional optimization and practical interventions.These recommendations include establishing a differentiated participation incentive mechanism,optimizing the composition of insurance products,enhancing risk diversification and reinsurance systems,creating an agricultural disaster risk reserve fund,developing a dynamic fiscal subsidy distribution mechanism based on risk and performance,improving information-sharing platforms,strengthening the rural grassroots power grid infrastructure,and accelerating the adoption of modern technologies in underwriting and claims settlement processes.The findings suggest that the coordinated advancement of institutional optimization and technological empowerment can substantially enhance the inclusiveness,sustainability,and operational efficiency of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing,thereby providing substantial support for agricultural modernization and the Rural Revitalization Strategy.
文摘With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual problems in China's insurance market and put forward supporting countermeasures.First,by understanding the background of highquality insurance development,we can explain the research significance of this paper in combination with the existing national policies.Secondly,by summarizing the current situation of high-quality insurance development,the paper puts forward the shortage of insurance talents in the expansion of insurance scale,the continuous improvement of insurance density and depth,and the growth of insurance compensation in the development of high-quality insurance.Finally,from the perspective of differentiated customized insurance products,training professionals,and providing financial subsidies,we will put forward the corresponding suggestions for the problem and look forward to the future development prospects.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project,No.2024MSXM065.
文摘BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer cases and related deaths worldwide.AIM To explore the relationship between the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients and insurance type,out-of-pocket ratio,and the joint effects of insurance type and out-of-pocket ratio.METHODS The χ^(2) test was used to analyze patients’demographic and clinical characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression,the Cox proportional hazard model,and the competitive risk model were used to calculate the cumulative hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause death and oesophageal cancer-specific death among patients with different types of insurance and out-of-pocket ratios.RESULTS Compared with patients covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,patients covered by urban employee basic medical insurance for urban workers(UEBMI)had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death[HR=1.233,95%confidence interval(CI):1.093-1.391,P<0.005].Compared with patients in the low out-of-pocket ratio group,patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group had a 25.80%reduction in the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death(HR=0.742,95%CI:0.6555-0.84,P<0.005).With each 10%increase in the out-of-pocket ratio,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death decreased by 10.10%in patients covered by UEBMI.However,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death increased by 26.90%in patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group.CONCLUSION This study reveals the relationships of the specific mortality rate of patients with oesophageal cancer with the out-of-pocket ratio and medical insurance types as well as their combined effects.This study provides practical suggestions and guidance for the formulation of relevant policies in this area.
文摘Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reveals the fundamental laws governing the development of things,offering significant guidance for exploring the relationship between Huimin Insurance and basic medical insurance,and for promoting the sustainable development of the medical security system.Based on this methodology and the practical context of the medical security field,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Huimin Insurance on the sustainable development of basic medical insurance.
文摘The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of health insurance on treatment availability and patient outcomes,demonstrating that the type of insurance can affect the financial burden on patients.This study investigates the effects of different types of health care coverage,namely Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance vs Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance,and the personal spending ratio on treatment decisions and survival outcomes.The database used is derived from esophageal tumor patient continuation from Chongqing University Hospital in China.A total of 2543 patients were included in the study,allowing for the formation of research cohorts.Patient information included demographic characteristics.The study followed various processes to maintain consistency,including data sources,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,health insurance,and statistical analysis.The average age at diagnosis ranged from 57-74 years,and predominantly included men,married people,and those of Han ethnic background,comprising 2088 and 2519 individuals,respectively.Upon controlling for age,sex,relationship status,country of origin,pathological evaluation,tumor stage,and biochemical indicators,individuals who had Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance exhibited a higher propensity to opt for radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy compared to those covered by the Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.During the follow-up phase of the study,a total of 1438 deaths were documented,with 1106 ascribed to esophageal cancer.Additionally,individuals with Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance had a significantly elevated risk of esophageal cancer,particularly mortality,compared to those without Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.
