Chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection byproducts,but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite(ClO^(–)_(2))is a serious consideration.In this study,the ClO^(...Chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection byproducts,but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite(ClO^(–)_(2))is a serious consideration.In this study,the ClO^(–)_(2)formation rule in the ClO_(2)disinfection of drinking water was investigated in the presence of three representative reductive inorganics and four natural organic matters(NOMs),respectively.Fe^(2+)and S^(2–)mainly reduced ClO_(2)to ClO^(–)_(2)at low concentrations.When ClO_(2)was consumed,the ClO^(–)_(2)would be further reduced by Fe^(2+)and S^(2–),leading to the decrease of ClO^(–)_(2).The reaction efficiency of Mn^(2+)with ClO_(2)was lower than that of Fe^(2+)and S^(2–).It might be the case that Mn O 2 generated by the reaction between Mn^(2+)and ClO_(2)had adsorption and catalytic oxidation on Mn^(2+).However,Mn^(2+)would not reduce ClO^(–)_(2).Among the four NOMs,humic acid and fulvic acid reacted with ClO_(2)actively,followed by bovine serum albumin,while sodium alginate had almost no reaction with ClO_(2).The maximum ClO^(–)_(2)yields of reductive inorganics(70%)was higher than that of NOM(around 60%).The lower the concentration of reductive substances,the more ClO^(–)_(2)could be produced by per unit concentration of reductive substances.The results of the actual water samples showed that both reductive inorganics and NOM played an important role in the formation of ClO^(–)_(2)in disinfection.展开更多
Organic electrode materials(OEMs)constitute an attractive class of energy storage materials for potassium-ion batteries,but their application is severely hindered by sluggish kinetics and limited capacities.Herein,ino...Organic electrode materials(OEMs)constitute an attractive class of energy storage materials for potassium-ion batteries,but their application is severely hindered by sluggish kinetics and limited capacities.Herein,inorganic molecules covalent combination strategy is proposed to drive advanced potassium organic batteries.Specifically,molecular selenium,possessing high potential of conductivity and electroactivity,is covalently bonded with organic matrix,that is symmetrical selenophene-annulated dipolyperylene diimide(PDI2-2Se),is designed to verify the feasibility.The inorganic-anchored OEM(PDI2-2Se)can be electrochemically activated to form organic(PDI2 matrix)–inorganic(Se)hybrids during initial cycles.Stateof-the-art 3D tomography reveals that a“mutual-accelerating”effect was realized,that is,the 10-nm Se quantum dots,possessing high conductivity,facilitate charge transfer in organics as well store K^(+)-ions,and organic PDI2 matrix benefits the encapsulation of Se,thereby suppressing shuttle effect and volume fluctuation during cycling,endowing resulting PDI2/Se hybrids with both high-rate capacities and longevity.The concept of inorganicconfigurated OEM through covalent bonds,in principle,can also be extended to design novel functional organic-redox electrodes for other high-performance secondary batteries.展开更多
To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically ...To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically sorted out.The common types,physicochemical properties and application methods of inorganic powders were defined.The road performances of modified asphalt and its mixture were evaluated.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt was analyzed.On this basis,the cooling effect and cooling mechanism of inorganic powders was revealed.The results indicate that inorganic powders are classified into hollow,porous,and energy conversion types.The high-temperature performance of inorganic powders modified asphalt and its mixture is significantly improved,while there is no significant change in low-temperature performance and water stability.The average increase in rutting resistance factor(G*/sin(δ))and dynamic stability is 40%–72%and 30%–50%,respectively.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt is physical blending.The thermal conductivity of hollow and porous inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture decreases by 30.05%and 43.14%,respectively.The temperature of hollow,porous and energy conversion inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture at 5 cm decreases by 2.3 ℃–3.5 ℃,0.8 ℃–3.7 ℃and 4.1 ℃–4.7℃,respectively.Hollow and porous inorganic powders block heat conduction,while energy conversion inorganic powders achieve cooling through their functional properties.展开更多
Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and hea...Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and health challenges posed by pollution,there is a growing interest in treating waters contaminated with EIPs.This paper explores biochar characteristics and modification methods,encompassing physical,chemical,and biological approaches for adsorbing EIPs.It offers a comprehensive review of research advancements in employing biochar for EIPs remediation in water,outlines the adsorption mechanisms of EIPs by biochar,and presents an environmental and economic analysis.It can be concluded that using biochar for the adsorption of EIPs in wastewater exhibits promising potential.Nonetheless,it is noteworthy that certain EIPs like Au(III),Rh(III),Ir(III),Ru(III),Os(III),Sc(III),and Y(III),have not been extensively investigated regarding their adsorption onto biochar.This comprehensive review will catalyze further inquiry into the biochar-based adsorption of EIPs,addressing current research deficiencies and advancing the practical implementation of biochar as a potent substrate for EIP removal from wastewater streams.展开更多
Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachm...Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light abso...Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.展开更多
To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified ...To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.展开更多
Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of prot...Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of proton transport in transition metal oxides,which dates back to 1971[3]when RuO_(2) was discovered to be capable of storing protons via reversible redox reactions[4].In aqueous electrolytes,the thin film RuO_(2) electrode exhibits a surface pseudocapacitive behavior[5],which could be modified by the structural water in its hydrated form due to the facile Grotthuss hopping mode of protons along the established hydrogen bonds inside the bulk phase[6].Soon later,Goodenough et al.reported the capacitor-like behavior of amorphous MnO_(2)·xH_(2)O electrode in an aqueous KCl electrolyte[7],and further studies on the hydrated MnO_(2) electrodes prepared by sol-gel processes have soon discovered that the intercalation of protons from aqueous electrolytes plays an indispensable role in the charge storage mechanism[8].In recent years,the research interest on rechargeable aqueous batteries has fueled the renaissance of mechanistic study of proton transport in transition metal oxides[9],which can operate as cathodes or anodes via a topotactic insertion mechanism similar to that in Li-ion batteries[10].However,due to the challenges for experimental detection of local chemical environments of the inserted protons,a comprehensive understanding of proton dynamic behavior in these electrodes remains largely lacking.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive ...Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive deficits.Furthermore,traumatic brain injury can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies,potentially leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease.Nanocarriers offer a potential solution by facilitating the delive ry of small interfering RNAs across the blood-brain barrier for the targeted silencing of key pathological genes implicated in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.U nlike traditional approaches to neuro regeneration,this is a molecula r-targeted strategy,thus avoiding non-specific drug actions.This review focuses on the use of nanocarrier systems for the efficient and precise delive ry of siRNAs,discussing the advantages,challenges,and future directions.In principle,siRNAs have the potential to target all genes and non-targetable protein s,holding significant promise for treating various diseases.Among the various therapeutic approaches currently available for neurological diseases,siRNA gene silencing can precisely"turn off"the expression of any gene at the genetic level,thus radically inhibiting disease progression;however,a significant challenge lies in delivering siRNAs across the blood-brain barrier.Nanoparticles have received increasing attention as an innovative drug delive ry tool fo r the treatment of brain diseases.They are considered a potential therapeutic strategy with the advantages of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier,targeted drug delivery,enhanced drug stability,and multifunctional therapy.The use of nanoparticles to deliver specific modified siRNAs to the injured brain is gradually being recognized as a feasible and effective approach.Although this strategy is still in the preclinical exploration stage,it is expected to achieve clinical translation in the future,creating a new field of molecular targeted therapy and precision medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with traumatic brain injury.展开更多
As an efficient passive anti-icing method,the superhydrophobic surface can reduce icing process on metals in low temperatures.However,the usual organic low-surface-energy decorations are often prone to age especially ...As an efficient passive anti-icing method,the superhydrophobic surface can reduce icing process on metals in low temperatures.However,the usual organic low-surface-energy decorations are often prone to age especially in harsh environments,leading to a decrease or complete failure of the anti-icing performance.Here,we adopt a fabrication method of femtosecond laser element-doping microstructuring to achieve inor-ganic superhydrophobic aluminum alloys surfaces through simultaneously modifying the surface profile and compositions of aluminum alloys.The obtained bionic anthill tribe structure with the low thermal conductiv-ity,exhibits the superior delayed freezing time(803.3 s)and the low ice adhesion(16μN)in comparison to the fluorosilane modified and bare Al surfaces.Moreover,such an inherently superhydrophobic metal sur-face also shows the exceptional environmental durability in anti-icing performance,which confirms the ef-fectiveness of our superhydrophobic surface without the need for organic coatings.展开更多
In recent years,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have become promising candidates for applications in sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,and photonics.Plasmonic nanomaterials with an intrinsic chiral structure exhibit intrig...In recent years,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have become promising candidates for applications in sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,and photonics.Plasmonic nanomaterials with an intrinsic chiral structure exhibit intriguing geometry‑dependent optical chirality,which benefits the combination of plasmonic characteristics with chirality.Recent advances in the biomolecule‑directed geometric control of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further provided great opportunities for their widespread applications in many emerging technological areas.In this review,we present the recent progress in biosensing using chiral inorganic nanomaterials,with a particular focus on electrochemical and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic approaches.This paper commences with a review of the basic tenets underlying chiral nanocatalysts,incorporating the chiral ligand‑induced mechanism and the architectures of intrinsically chiral nanostructures.Additionally,it methodically expounds upon the applications of chiral nanocatalysts in the realms of electrochemical biosensing and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic biosensing respectively.Conclusively,it proffers a prospective view of the hurdles and prospects that accompany the deployment of chiral nanoprobes for nascent biosensing applications.By rational design of the chiral nanoprobes,it is envisioned that biosensing with increasing sensitivity and resolution toward the single‑molecule level can be achieved,which will substantially promote sensing applications in many emerging interdisciplinary areas.展开更多
Photopolymerization-based additive printing of functional inorganics has drawn great attention in recent years and one important challenge is the photoresin loading with diverse inorganics. Here, we introduce a Mailla...Photopolymerization-based additive printing of functional inorganics has drawn great attention in recent years and one important challenge is the photoresin loading with diverse inorganics. Here, we introduce a Maillard reaction-derived laser lithography strategy for an unprecedented direct printing of diverse inorganic compounds. The sugar-assisted laser lithography(SLL) is powerful to carry choice metal ions and versatile for the generation of patterned inorganic materials comprising metal oxides,metal sulfides, and metal nitrides, characterized by ferroelectric, magnetic, semiconductivity, superconductivity, or other properties. The material architecture is flexibly manipulated by the laser intensity, power, printing speed, precursor solution, and computer-aided design to satisfy the practical requirements. This work demonstrates a new possibility for the further development of laser lithography in the directly printing of feature-rich inorganic materials and devices.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the content and distribution of inorganic elements in Astragalus membranaceus sourced from various regions in Gansu Province.[Methods]28 batches of A.membranaceus samples were collected and ...[Objectives]To investigate the content and distribution of inorganic elements in Astragalus membranaceus sourced from various regions in Gansu Province.[Methods]28 batches of A.membranaceus samples were collected and subsequently digested using the Multiwave 7000 super microwave digestion system.The contents of aluminum(Al),barium(Ba),beryllium(Be),cobalt(Co),chromium(Cr),iron(Fe),gallium(Ga),magnesium(Mg),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),antimony(Sb),tin(Sn),strontium(Sr),titanium(Ti),thallium(Tl),vanadium(V),and zinc(Zn)were quantified utilizing a PerkinElmer 2000 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Principal component analysis was performed utilizing SPSS 25.0 to identify the distinctive characteristic elements of A.membranaceus.Additionally,systematic cluster analysis was conducted using these characteristic elements as variables to investigate the relationship between the primary inorganic elements and the geographical origin of A.membranaceus.[Results]17 inorganic elements were identified in A.membranaceus specimens collected from Gansu Province,with characteristic elements including Ba,Co,Fe,Ga,Mn,Zn,and Sn.The contents of inorganic elements in various sources of A.membranaceus exhibited significant variability and demonstrated distinct clustering characteristics.[Conclusions]A.membranaceus,originating from Gansu Province,exhibits a high content of inorganic elements.However,variations in ecological environments can lead to differences in the specific inorganic elements that are enriched.This study aims to provide a reference for the further development and application of A.membranaceus.展开更多
Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can ...Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.展开更多
The basic geological characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation reservoirs and conditions for shale gas enrichment and high-yield were studied by using methods such as mineral scanning,organic and inorganic geochemis...The basic geological characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation reservoirs and conditions for shale gas enrichment and high-yield were studied by using methods such as mineral scanning,organic and inorganic geochemistry,breakthrough pressure,and triaxial mechanics testing based on the core,logging,seismic and production data.(1)Both types of silty shale,rich in organic matter in deep water and low in organic matter in shallow water,have good gas bearing properties.(2)The brittle mineral composition of shale is characterized by comparable feldspar and quartz content.(3)The pores are mainly inorganic pores with a small amount of organic pores.Pore development primarily hinges on a synergy between felsic minerals and total organic carbon content(TOC).(4)Dominated by Type I organic matters,the hydrocarbon generating organisms are algae and acritarch,with high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation potential.(5)Deep-and shallow-water shale gas exhibit in-situ and mixed gas generation characteristics,respectively.(6)The basic law of shale gas enrichment in the Qiongzhusi Formation was proposed as“TOC controlled accumulation and inorganic pore controlled enrichment”,which includes the in-situ enrichment model of“three highs and one over”(high TOC,high felsic mineral content,high inorganic pore content,overpressured formation)for organic rich shale represented by Well ZY2,and the in-situ+carrier-bed enrichment model of“two highs,one medium and one low”(high felsic content,high formation pressure,medium inorganic pore content,low TOC)for organic-poor shale gas represented by Well JS103.It is a new type of shale gas that is different from the Longmaxi Formation,enriching the formation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep shale gas.The deployment of multiple exploration wells has achieved significant breakthroughs in shale gas exploration.展开更多
phoD and pqqC gene occurrence in bacteria allows them to mobilize phosphorus(P)by mineralizing organic P(Po)and solubilizing inorganic P(Pi),respectively.Community characteristics of phoD-and pqqC-harboring bacteria(p...phoD and pqqC gene occurrence in bacteria allows them to mobilize phosphorus(P)by mineralizing organic P(Po)and solubilizing inorganic P(Pi),respectively.Community characteristics of phoD-and pqqC-harboring bacteria(phoD-and pqqC-HB,respectively)mediate P cycling.However,whether the microbial community assembly and keystone taxa of phoD-and pqqC-HB regulate P availability and distinct regulatory pathways between these two genes remain unclear.In this study,soil microbial community characteristics and P availability were investigated in four long-term(38-year)fertilization regimes:control with no fertilizer(CK),P fertilizer(PF),nitrogen(N)and P fertilizers(NP),and N fertilizer,P fertilizer,and manure(NPM).The N addition treatments(NP and NPM)significantly changed the community composition and increased the abundances of phoD-and pqqC-HB compared to the no-N addition treatments(CK and PF).Stochastic processes dominated the community assembly of both phoD-and pqqC-HB,and the relative contributions of stochasticity increased with N addition.Furthermore,the N addition treatments resulted in greater network complexity and higher abundances of keystone taxa of phoD-and pqqC-HB compared to those of the no-N addition treatments.The keystone taxa implicated in P cycling were also associated with carbon(C)and N cycling processes.Microbial community composition and assembly processes were the main factors driving labile Pi for phoD-HB,whereas keystone taxa contributed the most to labile Pi for pqqC-HB.These results emphasize that distinct mechanisms of phoD-and pqqC-HB regulate P availability under fertilization management and underline the significance of microbial community assembly and keystone taxa in soil ecological functions,offering fresh perspectives on comprehending the biological processes facilitated by microorganisms in enhancing soil quality.展开更多
In rice systems under continuous flooding(CF)irrigation,rice grains with high arsenic(As)concentration can be produced.In Argentina,these areas are located in the south of Corrientes Province and the north of Entre R&...In rice systems under continuous flooding(CF)irrigation,rice grains with high arsenic(As)concentration can be produced.In Argentina,these areas are located in the south of Corrientes Province and the north of Entre Ríos Province.The combination of agronomic management,genetic variability of rice varieties,and the characteristics of soil and irrigation water determines the concentration and proportion of grain As species.In this study,we evaluated two factors affecting grain As accumulation:irrigation management,CF and interrupted flooding(IF),and rice variety,rice with medium,long,and double long/wide grains.The experiments were conducted during four cropping cycles(2015–2016,2016–2017,2017–2018,and 2020–2021)on a farm in the north of Entre Ríos Province.Total As concentration in husked grains showed a wide range and was mostly above 0.30 mg kg^(-1),even after the polishing process.Fortunately,organic As was the predominant species.In polished rice,inorganic As concentration ranged between 0.02 and 0.28 mg kg^(-1).Significant differences were observed in grain As concentration between four rice varieties,with the highest inorganic and total As concentrations in grains of the medium-grain variety.The interaction of rice variety by irrigation management did not affect grain yield,but significantly reduced total As concentration in grains.Soil drainage under IF explained 43%–46%of the reduction of total As concentration in grains.The management practices of irrigation and rice variety had slight effects on inorganic As concentration in grains.In conclusion,a single soil drying period combined with proper rice varieties can be an effective management practice for mitigating As accumulation in rice grains.展开更多
Here,we report a comprehensive study on the characterization of cotton biomass residue,its conversion into carbon-based materials via pyrolysis,and its application as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid(AA).Th...Here,we report a comprehensive study on the characterization of cotton biomass residue,its conversion into carbon-based materials via pyrolysis,and its application as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid(AA).The compositions,morphologies,and structures of the resulting materials were investigated using XRD,FTIR,TGA,SEM,and EDS.Pyrolysis was carried out in an air atmosphere at different temperatures(300℃ and 400℃)and durations(1,60,and 240min),leading to the transformation of lignocellulosic cotton residue into carbon-basedmaterials embedded with inorganic nanoparticles,including carbonates,sulfates,chlorates,and phosphates of potassium,calcium,and magnesium.These inorganic nanoparticles exhibited irregular shapes with sizes ranging from 50 to 150 nm.The pyrolysis conditions significantly influenced both the mass ratio and the crystallinity of the inorganic phases,with treatment at 400℃ for 60 min resulting in enhanced crystallinity and an inorganic content of 54.4%.The cotton biomass-based nanomaterials were used in the construction of carbon paste electrodes(CPEs)and evaluated in PBS for AA oxidation.The electrocatalytic performance increased with the inorganic nanoparticle content.Among all,the sample pyrolyzed at 400℃ for 60 min demonstrated the highest sensitivity(3.31±0.16μA(mmol⋅L^(−1)),along with low limits of detection(2.90±1.87μmol⋅L^(−1))and quantification(9.66±6.23μmol⋅L^(−1)).These promising sensor characteristics highlight the potential of cotton biomass residue as a renewable source of electroactive nanomaterials,considering the simplicity of the carbon material preparation process and the ease of electrode fabrication.展开更多
This study investigates the spatial distribution and regulatory mechanisms of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea, addressing critical gaps in carbon cycling research within semi-enclosed ...This study investigates the spatial distribution and regulatory mechanisms of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea, addressing critical gaps in carbon cycling research within semi-enclosed bays. Through isotopic analysis(δ~(13)C_(DIC), δD and δ18O) and hydrochemical measurements [salinity and dissolved oxygen(DO)] of surface and bottom seawater samples from 52 stations, we demonstrate that δ~(13)C_(DIC) values(surface:-3.6‰ to-2.1‰;bottom:-3.6‰ to-1.8‰) exhibit distinct vertical and spatial patterns, with higher values in surface waters and outer bay regions compared to bottom and inner bay areas. Conservative mixing between seawater(average contribution:56%) and freshwater dominates DIC dynamics, while tidal hydrodynamics amplify the imprint of riverine inputs during low tides. Nutrient gradients driven by saline-freshwater mixing enhance primary productivity in outer bay regions,resulting in 13C-enriched DIC and elevated dissolved organic carbon(DOC) concentrations. Conversely, bottom waters show 13C-depleted signatures(-2.75‰ mean δ~(13)C_(DIC)), reflecting organic matter degradation under oxygen-depleted conditions. Aquaculture activities exacerbate localized eutrophication, with monsoon-enhanced runoff amplifying anthropogenic impacts. This work underscores the sensitivity of coastal carbon cycling to both natural hydrodynamics and anthropogenic perturbations in semi-enclosed bays.展开更多
The types and structures of inorganic pores are key factors in evaluations of the reservoir space and distribution characteristics of shale oil and gas.However,quantitative identification methods for pores of differen...The types and structures of inorganic pores are key factors in evaluations of the reservoir space and distribution characteristics of shale oil and gas.However,quantitative identification methods for pores of different inorganic components have not yet been fully developed.For this reason,a quantitative characterization method of inorganic pores using pixel information was proposed in this study.A machine learning algorithm was used to assist the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)image processing of shale to realize the accurate identification and quantitative characterization of inorganic pores on the surface of high-precision images of shale with a small view.Moreover,large-view image splicing technology,combined with quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy(QEMSCAN)image joint characterization technology,was used to accurately analyze the distribution characteristics of inorganic pores under different mineral components.The quantitative methods of pore characteristics of different inorganic components under the pixel information of shale were studied.The results showed that(1)the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis(WEKA)machine learning model can effectively identify and extract shale mineral components and inorganic pore distribution,and the large-view FE-SEM images are representative of samples at the 200μm×200μm view scale,meeting statistical requirements and eliminating the influence of heterogeneity;(2)the pores developed by different mineral components of shale had obvious differences,indicating that the development of inorganic pores is highly correlated with the properties of shale minerals themselves;and(3)the pore-forming ability of different mineral components is calculated by the quantitative method of single component pore-forming coefficient.Chlorite showed the highest pore-forming ability,followed by(in descending order)illite,pyrite,calcite,dolomite,albite,orthoclase,quartz,and apatite.This study contributes to advancing our understanding of inorganic pore characteristics in shale.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900805)the Practice Innovation Program of Postgraduates in Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX20_0306)。
文摘Chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection byproducts,but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite(ClO^(–)_(2))is a serious consideration.In this study,the ClO^(–)_(2)formation rule in the ClO_(2)disinfection of drinking water was investigated in the presence of three representative reductive inorganics and four natural organic matters(NOMs),respectively.Fe^(2+)and S^(2–)mainly reduced ClO_(2)to ClO^(–)_(2)at low concentrations.When ClO_(2)was consumed,the ClO^(–)_(2)would be further reduced by Fe^(2+)and S^(2–),leading to the decrease of ClO^(–)_(2).The reaction efficiency of Mn^(2+)with ClO_(2)was lower than that of Fe^(2+)and S^(2–).It might be the case that Mn O 2 generated by the reaction between Mn^(2+)and ClO_(2)had adsorption and catalytic oxidation on Mn^(2+).However,Mn^(2+)would not reduce ClO^(–)_(2).Among the four NOMs,humic acid and fulvic acid reacted with ClO_(2)actively,followed by bovine serum albumin,while sodium alginate had almost no reaction with ClO_(2).The maximum ClO^(–)_(2)yields of reductive inorganics(70%)was higher than that of NOM(around 60%).The lower the concentration of reductive substances,the more ClO^(–)_(2)could be produced by per unit concentration of reductive substances.The results of the actual water samples showed that both reductive inorganics and NOM played an important role in the formation of ClO^(–)_(2)in disinfection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,21975194,22175134,22209127 and 52072282)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFA014)+2 种基金the research fund for distinguished young scholars of Hubei Province(2019CFA042)the generous start-up funds from the Wuhan University of Technology(nos.2182022132)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(195220009).
文摘Organic electrode materials(OEMs)constitute an attractive class of energy storage materials for potassium-ion batteries,but their application is severely hindered by sluggish kinetics and limited capacities.Herein,inorganic molecules covalent combination strategy is proposed to drive advanced potassium organic batteries.Specifically,molecular selenium,possessing high potential of conductivity and electroactivity,is covalently bonded with organic matrix,that is symmetrical selenophene-annulated dipolyperylene diimide(PDI2-2Se),is designed to verify the feasibility.The inorganic-anchored OEM(PDI2-2Se)can be electrochemically activated to form organic(PDI2 matrix)–inorganic(Se)hybrids during initial cycles.Stateof-the-art 3D tomography reveals that a“mutual-accelerating”effect was realized,that is,the 10-nm Se quantum dots,possessing high conductivity,facilitate charge transfer in organics as well store K^(+)-ions,and organic PDI2 matrix benefits the encapsulation of Se,thereby suppressing shuttle effect and volume fluctuation during cycling,endowing resulting PDI2/Se hybrids with both high-rate capacities and longevity.The concept of inorganicconfigurated OEM through covalent bonds,in principle,can also be extended to design novel functional organic-redox electrodes for other high-performance secondary batteries.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(300102214908)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2022TD-07).
文摘To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically sorted out.The common types,physicochemical properties and application methods of inorganic powders were defined.The road performances of modified asphalt and its mixture were evaluated.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt was analyzed.On this basis,the cooling effect and cooling mechanism of inorganic powders was revealed.The results indicate that inorganic powders are classified into hollow,porous,and energy conversion types.The high-temperature performance of inorganic powders modified asphalt and its mixture is significantly improved,while there is no significant change in low-temperature performance and water stability.The average increase in rutting resistance factor(G*/sin(δ))and dynamic stability is 40%–72%and 30%–50%,respectively.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt is physical blending.The thermal conductivity of hollow and porous inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture decreases by 30.05%and 43.14%,respectively.The temperature of hollow,porous and energy conversion inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture at 5 cm decreases by 2.3 ℃–3.5 ℃,0.8 ℃–3.7 ℃and 4.1 ℃–4.7℃,respectively.Hollow and porous inorganic powders block heat conduction,while energy conversion inorganic powders achieve cooling through their functional properties.
基金support from the earmarked fund for XJARS(No.XJARS-06)the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021DB019,2022CB001-01)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42275014)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research,China(No.2023B1212060044)。
文摘Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and health challenges posed by pollution,there is a growing interest in treating waters contaminated with EIPs.This paper explores biochar characteristics and modification methods,encompassing physical,chemical,and biological approaches for adsorbing EIPs.It offers a comprehensive review of research advancements in employing biochar for EIPs remediation in water,outlines the adsorption mechanisms of EIPs by biochar,and presents an environmental and economic analysis.It can be concluded that using biochar for the adsorption of EIPs in wastewater exhibits promising potential.Nonetheless,it is noteworthy that certain EIPs like Au(III),Rh(III),Ir(III),Ru(III),Os(III),Sc(III),and Y(III),have not been extensively investigated regarding their adsorption onto biochar.This comprehensive review will catalyze further inquiry into the biochar-based adsorption of EIPs,addressing current research deficiencies and advancing the practical implementation of biochar as a potent substrate for EIP removal from wastewater streams.
基金supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant(24K01295,26286013).
文摘Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
文摘Solar-driven Fenton-like reactions are promising strategies for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater to address environmental challenges and antibiotic pollution.However,its efficacy is limited by suboptimal light absorption efficiency,rapid charge recombination,and inadequate interfacial charge transfer.In this study,an inorganic/organic S-scheme photo-Fenton system of pseudobrookite/carbon nitride(FTOCN)was synthesized via a hydrothermally coupled calcination process for the effective purification of tetracycline antibiotics under visible-light irradiation.The optimized FTOCN-2 heterostructure exhibits a significantly enhanced TC degradation capacity of 90%within 60 min.The rate constant of FTOCN-2 is 1.6 and 5.2 times greater than those of FTO and CN,respectively.Furthermore,FTOCN exhibits high antibacterial efficacy,highlighting its potential application in the purification of natural water.Measurements via a range of analytical techniques,including Kelvin probe force microscopy,density functional theory calculations,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,corroborate the S-scheme mechanism.This study provides a novel perspective for the development of photo-Fenton systems with S-scheme heterojunctions for water purification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064,52302234,52272241)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR24E020001+2 种基金Natural Science of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023B009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710950)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z21131),National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
文摘To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109003)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011391)+1 种基金Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2017B030301013)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen.
文摘Understanding the proton dynamic behavior in inorganic materials has long been a topic of intense fascination[1],especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage[2].One of the examples is the research of proton transport in transition metal oxides,which dates back to 1971[3]when RuO_(2) was discovered to be capable of storing protons via reversible redox reactions[4].In aqueous electrolytes,the thin film RuO_(2) electrode exhibits a surface pseudocapacitive behavior[5],which could be modified by the structural water in its hydrated form due to the facile Grotthuss hopping mode of protons along the established hydrogen bonds inside the bulk phase[6].Soon later,Goodenough et al.reported the capacitor-like behavior of amorphous MnO_(2)·xH_(2)O electrode in an aqueous KCl electrolyte[7],and further studies on the hydrated MnO_(2) electrodes prepared by sol-gel processes have soon discovered that the intercalation of protons from aqueous electrolytes plays an indispensable role in the charge storage mechanism[8].In recent years,the research interest on rechargeable aqueous batteries has fueled the renaissance of mechanistic study of proton transport in transition metal oxides[9],which can operate as cathodes or anodes via a topotactic insertion mechanism similar to that in Li-ion batteries[10].However,due to the challenges for experimental detection of local chemical environments of the inserted protons,a comprehensive understanding of proton dynamic behavior in these electrodes remains largely lacking.
基金supported by Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Orthopedics Research Medicine in Henan Province,No.HZKFKT20220504(to YZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32000877(to YZ)and Open Scientific Research Program of Military Logistics,No.BLB20J009(to YZ)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive deficits.Furthermore,traumatic brain injury can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies,potentially leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease.Nanocarriers offer a potential solution by facilitating the delive ry of small interfering RNAs across the blood-brain barrier for the targeted silencing of key pathological genes implicated in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.U nlike traditional approaches to neuro regeneration,this is a molecula r-targeted strategy,thus avoiding non-specific drug actions.This review focuses on the use of nanocarrier systems for the efficient and precise delive ry of siRNAs,discussing the advantages,challenges,and future directions.In principle,siRNAs have the potential to target all genes and non-targetable protein s,holding significant promise for treating various diseases.Among the various therapeutic approaches currently available for neurological diseases,siRNA gene silencing can precisely"turn off"the expression of any gene at the genetic level,thus radically inhibiting disease progression;however,a significant challenge lies in delivering siRNAs across the blood-brain barrier.Nanoparticles have received increasing attention as an innovative drug delive ry tool fo r the treatment of brain diseases.They are considered a potential therapeutic strategy with the advantages of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier,targeted drug delivery,enhanced drug stability,and multifunctional therapy.The use of nanoparticles to deliver specific modified siRNAs to the injured brain is gradually being recognized as a feasible and effective approach.Although this strategy is still in the preclinical exploration stage,it is expected to achieve clinical translation in the future,creating a new field of molecular targeted therapy and precision medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with traumatic brain injury.
文摘As an efficient passive anti-icing method,the superhydrophobic surface can reduce icing process on metals in low temperatures.However,the usual organic low-surface-energy decorations are often prone to age especially in harsh environments,leading to a decrease or complete failure of the anti-icing performance.Here,we adopt a fabrication method of femtosecond laser element-doping microstructuring to achieve inor-ganic superhydrophobic aluminum alloys surfaces through simultaneously modifying the surface profile and compositions of aluminum alloys.The obtained bionic anthill tribe structure with the low thermal conductiv-ity,exhibits the superior delayed freezing time(803.3 s)and the low ice adhesion(16μN)in comparison to the fluorosilane modified and bare Al surfaces.Moreover,such an inherently superhydrophobic metal sur-face also shows the exceptional environmental durability in anti-icing performance,which confirms the ef-fectiveness of our superhydrophobic surface without the need for organic coatings.
文摘In recent years,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have become promising candidates for applications in sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,and photonics.Plasmonic nanomaterials with an intrinsic chiral structure exhibit intriguing geometry‑dependent optical chirality,which benefits the combination of plasmonic characteristics with chirality.Recent advances in the biomolecule‑directed geometric control of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further provided great opportunities for their widespread applications in many emerging technological areas.In this review,we present the recent progress in biosensing using chiral inorganic nanomaterials,with a particular focus on electrochemical and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic approaches.This paper commences with a review of the basic tenets underlying chiral nanocatalysts,incorporating the chiral ligand‑induced mechanism and the architectures of intrinsically chiral nanostructures.Additionally,it methodically expounds upon the applications of chiral nanocatalysts in the realms of electrochemical biosensing and enzyme‑mimicking catalytic biosensing respectively.Conclusively,it proffers a prospective view of the hurdles and prospects that accompany the deployment of chiral nanoprobes for nascent biosensing applications.By rational design of the chiral nanoprobes,it is envisioned that biosensing with increasing sensitivity and resolution toward the single‑molecule level can be achieved,which will substantially promote sensing applications in many emerging interdisciplinary areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21971172, 21671141, and 21601130)the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Optical Engineering in Soochow University。
文摘Photopolymerization-based additive printing of functional inorganics has drawn great attention in recent years and one important challenge is the photoresin loading with diverse inorganics. Here, we introduce a Maillard reaction-derived laser lithography strategy for an unprecedented direct printing of diverse inorganic compounds. The sugar-assisted laser lithography(SLL) is powerful to carry choice metal ions and versatile for the generation of patterned inorganic materials comprising metal oxides,metal sulfides, and metal nitrides, characterized by ferroelectric, magnetic, semiconductivity, superconductivity, or other properties. The material architecture is flexibly manipulated by the laser intensity, power, printing speed, precursor solution, and computer-aided design to satisfy the practical requirements. This work demonstrates a new possibility for the further development of laser lithography in the directly printing of feature-rich inorganic materials and devices.
基金Supported by Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023GSMPA-KL06,2024GSMPA-KL16).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the content and distribution of inorganic elements in Astragalus membranaceus sourced from various regions in Gansu Province.[Methods]28 batches of A.membranaceus samples were collected and subsequently digested using the Multiwave 7000 super microwave digestion system.The contents of aluminum(Al),barium(Ba),beryllium(Be),cobalt(Co),chromium(Cr),iron(Fe),gallium(Ga),magnesium(Mg),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),antimony(Sb),tin(Sn),strontium(Sr),titanium(Ti),thallium(Tl),vanadium(V),and zinc(Zn)were quantified utilizing a PerkinElmer 2000 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Principal component analysis was performed utilizing SPSS 25.0 to identify the distinctive characteristic elements of A.membranaceus.Additionally,systematic cluster analysis was conducted using these characteristic elements as variables to investigate the relationship between the primary inorganic elements and the geographical origin of A.membranaceus.[Results]17 inorganic elements were identified in A.membranaceus specimens collected from Gansu Province,with characteristic elements including Ba,Co,Fe,Ga,Mn,Zn,and Sn.The contents of inorganic elements in various sources of A.membranaceus exhibited significant variability and demonstrated distinct clustering characteristics.[Conclusions]A.membranaceus,originating from Gansu Province,exhibits a high content of inorganic elements.However,variations in ecological environments can lead to differences in the specific inorganic elements that are enriched.This study aims to provide a reference for the further development and application of A.membranaceus.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023,22208010)S&T Program of Hebei(24464301D)SINOPEC Group(24-ZS-0447).
文摘Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.
基金Supported by the Sinopec Major Science and Technology Project(P22081)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B60001).
文摘The basic geological characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation reservoirs and conditions for shale gas enrichment and high-yield were studied by using methods such as mineral scanning,organic and inorganic geochemistry,breakthrough pressure,and triaxial mechanics testing based on the core,logging,seismic and production data.(1)Both types of silty shale,rich in organic matter in deep water and low in organic matter in shallow water,have good gas bearing properties.(2)The brittle mineral composition of shale is characterized by comparable feldspar and quartz content.(3)The pores are mainly inorganic pores with a small amount of organic pores.Pore development primarily hinges on a synergy between felsic minerals and total organic carbon content(TOC).(4)Dominated by Type I organic matters,the hydrocarbon generating organisms are algae and acritarch,with high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation potential.(5)Deep-and shallow-water shale gas exhibit in-situ and mixed gas generation characteristics,respectively.(6)The basic law of shale gas enrichment in the Qiongzhusi Formation was proposed as“TOC controlled accumulation and inorganic pore controlled enrichment”,which includes the in-situ enrichment model of“three highs and one over”(high TOC,high felsic mineral content,high inorganic pore content,overpressured formation)for organic rich shale represented by Well ZY2,and the in-situ+carrier-bed enrichment model of“two highs,one medium and one low”(high felsic content,high formation pressure,medium inorganic pore content,low TOC)for organic-poor shale gas represented by Well JS103.It is a new type of shale gas that is different from the Longmaxi Formation,enriching the formation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep shale gas.The deployment of multiple exploration wells has achieved significant breakthroughs in shale gas exploration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD 1901601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107360)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2452021032).
文摘phoD and pqqC gene occurrence in bacteria allows them to mobilize phosphorus(P)by mineralizing organic P(Po)and solubilizing inorganic P(Pi),respectively.Community characteristics of phoD-and pqqC-harboring bacteria(phoD-and pqqC-HB,respectively)mediate P cycling.However,whether the microbial community assembly and keystone taxa of phoD-and pqqC-HB regulate P availability and distinct regulatory pathways between these two genes remain unclear.In this study,soil microbial community characteristics and P availability were investigated in four long-term(38-year)fertilization regimes:control with no fertilizer(CK),P fertilizer(PF),nitrogen(N)and P fertilizers(NP),and N fertilizer,P fertilizer,and manure(NPM).The N addition treatments(NP and NPM)significantly changed the community composition and increased the abundances of phoD-and pqqC-HB compared to the no-N addition treatments(CK and PF).Stochastic processes dominated the community assembly of both phoD-and pqqC-HB,and the relative contributions of stochasticity increased with N addition.Furthermore,the N addition treatments resulted in greater network complexity and higher abundances of keystone taxa of phoD-and pqqC-HB compared to those of the no-N addition treatments.The keystone taxa implicated in P cycling were also associated with carbon(C)and N cycling processes.Microbial community composition and assembly processes were the main factors driving labile Pi for phoD-HB,whereas keystone taxa contributed the most to labile Pi for pqqC-HB.These results emphasize that distinct mechanisms of phoD-and pqqC-HB regulate P availability under fertilization management and underline the significance of microbial community assembly and keystone taxa in soil ecological functions,offering fresh perspectives on comprehending the biological processes facilitated by microorganisms in enhancing soil quality.
基金the National Agency for the Promotion of Research,Technological Development and Innovation(Argentina)the National University of Entre Ríos(Argentina)+1 种基金the PROARROZ Foundation(Argentina)the company EBRO(Argentina)for the financial support of this research。
文摘In rice systems under continuous flooding(CF)irrigation,rice grains with high arsenic(As)concentration can be produced.In Argentina,these areas are located in the south of Corrientes Province and the north of Entre Ríos Province.The combination of agronomic management,genetic variability of rice varieties,and the characteristics of soil and irrigation water determines the concentration and proportion of grain As species.In this study,we evaluated two factors affecting grain As accumulation:irrigation management,CF and interrupted flooding(IF),and rice variety,rice with medium,long,and double long/wide grains.The experiments were conducted during four cropping cycles(2015–2016,2016–2017,2017–2018,and 2020–2021)on a farm in the north of Entre Ríos Province.Total As concentration in husked grains showed a wide range and was mostly above 0.30 mg kg^(-1),even after the polishing process.Fortunately,organic As was the predominant species.In polished rice,inorganic As concentration ranged between 0.02 and 0.28 mg kg^(-1).Significant differences were observed in grain As concentration between four rice varieties,with the highest inorganic and total As concentrations in grains of the medium-grain variety.The interaction of rice variety by irrigation management did not affect grain yield,but significantly reduced total As concentration in grains.Soil drainage under IF explained 43%–46%of the reduction of total As concentration in grains.The management practices of irrigation and rice variety had slight effects on inorganic As concentration in grains.In conclusion,a single soil drying period combined with proper rice varieties can be an effective management practice for mitigating As accumulation in rice grains.
基金financial support of Brazilian agencies FAPESC/ACAFE,CAPES,CNPq and Nationals Institutes of Science and Technology of Carbon Nanomaterials(INCT-Nanocarbon,421701/2017-0)Nanomaterials for Life(INCT Nano Life,406079/2022-6)+2 种基金J.P.M.C.A.acknowledges his scientific initiation(PIBIT)grant from CNPq,D.O.S.thanks CAPES for his post-doctoral grant(PNPD/CAPES 2017-2019)J.A.is grateful for his grant from CNPq(CNPq 303633/2023-9)the financial support from FAPESC through various projects(contracts:2018TR1546,2023TR001521 and 2024TR002662).
文摘Here,we report a comprehensive study on the characterization of cotton biomass residue,its conversion into carbon-based materials via pyrolysis,and its application as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid(AA).The compositions,morphologies,and structures of the resulting materials were investigated using XRD,FTIR,TGA,SEM,and EDS.Pyrolysis was carried out in an air atmosphere at different temperatures(300℃ and 400℃)and durations(1,60,and 240min),leading to the transformation of lignocellulosic cotton residue into carbon-basedmaterials embedded with inorganic nanoparticles,including carbonates,sulfates,chlorates,and phosphates of potassium,calcium,and magnesium.These inorganic nanoparticles exhibited irregular shapes with sizes ranging from 50 to 150 nm.The pyrolysis conditions significantly influenced both the mass ratio and the crystallinity of the inorganic phases,with treatment at 400℃ for 60 min resulting in enhanced crystallinity and an inorganic content of 54.4%.The cotton biomass-based nanomaterials were used in the construction of carbon paste electrodes(CPEs)and evaluated in PBS for AA oxidation.The electrocatalytic performance increased with the inorganic nanoparticle content.Among all,the sample pyrolyzed at 400℃ for 60 min demonstrated the highest sensitivity(3.31±0.16μA(mmol⋅L^(−1)),along with low limits of detection(2.90±1.87μmol⋅L^(−1))and quantification(9.66±6.23μmol⋅L^(−1)).These promising sensor characteristics highlight the potential of cotton biomass residue as a renewable source of electroactive nanomaterials,considering the simplicity of the carbon material preparation process and the ease of electrode fabrication.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No. 2022YFE0209300National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 42176091+1 种基金Asia Cooperation Fund of China (Comparative Study of Geoenvironment and Geohazards in the Yangtze River Delta and the Red River Delta)China Geological Survey Project under contract No. DD20242714。
文摘This study investigates the spatial distribution and regulatory mechanisms of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea, addressing critical gaps in carbon cycling research within semi-enclosed bays. Through isotopic analysis(δ~(13)C_(DIC), δD and δ18O) and hydrochemical measurements [salinity and dissolved oxygen(DO)] of surface and bottom seawater samples from 52 stations, we demonstrate that δ~(13)C_(DIC) values(surface:-3.6‰ to-2.1‰;bottom:-3.6‰ to-1.8‰) exhibit distinct vertical and spatial patterns, with higher values in surface waters and outer bay regions compared to bottom and inner bay areas. Conservative mixing between seawater(average contribution:56%) and freshwater dominates DIC dynamics, while tidal hydrodynamics amplify the imprint of riverine inputs during low tides. Nutrient gradients driven by saline-freshwater mixing enhance primary productivity in outer bay regions,resulting in 13C-enriched DIC and elevated dissolved organic carbon(DOC) concentrations. Conversely, bottom waters show 13C-depleted signatures(-2.75‰ mean δ~(13)C_(DIC)), reflecting organic matter degradation under oxygen-depleted conditions. Aquaculture activities exacerbate localized eutrophication, with monsoon-enhanced runoff amplifying anthropogenic impacts. This work underscores the sensitivity of coastal carbon cycling to both natural hydrodynamics and anthropogenic perturbations in semi-enclosed bays.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372144)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01E09)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-01-05).
文摘The types and structures of inorganic pores are key factors in evaluations of the reservoir space and distribution characteristics of shale oil and gas.However,quantitative identification methods for pores of different inorganic components have not yet been fully developed.For this reason,a quantitative characterization method of inorganic pores using pixel information was proposed in this study.A machine learning algorithm was used to assist the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)image processing of shale to realize the accurate identification and quantitative characterization of inorganic pores on the surface of high-precision images of shale with a small view.Moreover,large-view image splicing technology,combined with quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy(QEMSCAN)image joint characterization technology,was used to accurately analyze the distribution characteristics of inorganic pores under different mineral components.The quantitative methods of pore characteristics of different inorganic components under the pixel information of shale were studied.The results showed that(1)the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis(WEKA)machine learning model can effectively identify and extract shale mineral components and inorganic pore distribution,and the large-view FE-SEM images are representative of samples at the 200μm×200μm view scale,meeting statistical requirements and eliminating the influence of heterogeneity;(2)the pores developed by different mineral components of shale had obvious differences,indicating that the development of inorganic pores is highly correlated with the properties of shale minerals themselves;and(3)the pore-forming ability of different mineral components is calculated by the quantitative method of single component pore-forming coefficient.Chlorite showed the highest pore-forming ability,followed by(in descending order)illite,pyrite,calcite,dolomite,albite,orthoclase,quartz,and apatite.This study contributes to advancing our understanding of inorganic pore characteristics in shale.
