Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.展开更多
This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to Dec...This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a monotherapy group and a combination group,with 34 patients in each.The monotherapy group received ambroxol inhalation therapy,while the combination group received budesonide inhalation therapy in addition to ambroxol.The recovery progress,blood gas analysis indicators,inflammatory response improvement,and overall clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the combination group experienced a significantly shorter time for body temperature normalization(3.36±0.58 days vs.4.59±0.45 days),oxygen inhalation duration(4.89±0.57min vs.6.96±0.79min),disappearance of shortness of breath and cough(4.56±0.29 days vs.6.63±0.75 days),and resolution of lung wet rales(5.62±1.46 days vs.7.92±1.28 days)compared to the monotherapy group(P<0.05).Additionally,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the combination group(97.06%)than in the monotherapy group(73.52%)(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better blood gas analysis and inflammatory response indicators(P<0.05).These findings suggest that budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy can effectively improve blood oxygen saturation,reduce inflammation,promote faster recovery,and enhance overall clinical efficacy,making it a reliable treatment option for neonatal pneumonia.展开更多
Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug lo...Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency,as well as a favorable drug release profile,which was beneficial for the deposition and exposure of drugs in the lung tissues.The release solution from microspheres exhibited a favorable anti-proliferative effect by inducting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase,and meanwhile inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells.More importantly,the microspheres could be effectively inhaled and accumulated in the lung tissues to trigger the in situ apoptosis of tumor cells and suppress metastasis,using mice bearing melanoma-metastatic lung cancer as a model.Furthermore,inhalation of themicrospheres showed favorable biocompatibility,barely causing tissue damage.Overall,porous PLGA microspheres provide a promising platform for the inhalable co-delivery of drugs and genes to obtain ideal therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.展开更多
Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientati...Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.展开更多
This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as t...This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as the research subjects by the random sampling method and divided into a control group and an observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with ribavirin injection and oral lysine-inositol-vitamin B12 solution,while the patients in the observation group received the treatment of the control group combined with recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared to determine the clinical efficacy of the two treatment plans.The total effective rates of treatment were 78.79%in the control group and 90.91%in the observation group.The research confirmed that the clinical effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children is remarkable.It can significantly improve the symptoms of children with hand,foot,and mouth disease and is suitable for clinical application and promotion.展开更多
BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired pneumonia.Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted.AIM To explore clinical e...BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired pneumonia.Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted.AIM To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor production.METHODS A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited:30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic treatment.Outcome measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines,CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after treatment.Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and Th1/Th2 levels,and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after treatment.The total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75%and 85.00%,respectively,which was a significant difference(P=0.003).CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in children.The mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications suc...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications such as wound reopening and bleeding.There is limited research on the risk factors for this agitation,and few effective tools exist to predict it.Therefore,by integrating clinical data,we have developed nomograms and random forest predictive models to help clinicians predict and potentially prevent EA.AIM To establish a risk nomogram prediction model for EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery under total inhalation combined with sacral block anesthesia.METHODS Based on the clinical information of 300 patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia surgery in the Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital,Guangxi,from January 2020 to June 2023,the patients were divided into two groups according to their sedation-agitation scale score,i.e.,the EA group(≥5 points)and the non-EA group(≤4 points),during anesthesia recovery.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the key features that predict EA,and incorporating them into logistic regression analysis to obtain potential pre-dictive factors and establish EA nomogram and random forest risk prediction models through R software.RESULTS Out of the 300 patients,72 had agitation during anesthesia recovery,with an incidence of 24.0%.American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,solid food fasting time,clear liquid fasting time,indwelling catheter,and pain level upon awakening are key predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery with total intravenous anesthesia and caudal block anesthesia.The nomogram predicts EA with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.947,a sensi-tivity of 0.917,and a specificity of 0.877,whereas the random forest model has an AUC of 0.923,a sensitivity of 0.912,and a specificity of 0.877.Delong’s test shows no significant difference in AUC between the two models.Clinical decision curve analysis indicates that both models have good net benefits in predicting EA,with the nomogram effective within the threshold of 0.02 to 0.96 and the random forest model within 0.03 to 0.90.In the external model validation of 50 cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery,both models predicted EA.The nomogram model had a sensitivity of 83.33%,specificity of 86.84%,and accuracy of 86.00%,while the random forest model had a sensitivity of 75.00%,specificity of 78.95%,and accuracy of 78.00%,suggesting that the nomogram model performs better in predicting EA.CONCLUSION Independent predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair with total intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal block include American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,duration of solid food fasting,duration of clear liquid fasting,presence of an indwelling catheter,and pain level upon waking.The nomogram and random forest models based on these factors can help tailor clinical decisions in the future.展开更多
Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute exposure.Subchronic exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses...Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute exposure.Subchronic exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue damage.However,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is necessary.In this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed water.Accordingly,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A levels.Moreover,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery period.The calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/day.Meanwhile,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed water.The threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed water.The findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to th...Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to the hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were selected as samples for this study.The patients were divided into a combination group and a conventional group using the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.The patients in the combination group were treated with TB combined with BUD/FM inhalation,whereas the patients in the conventional group were treated with BUD/FM inhalation only.The treatment efficacy and changes in lung function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After three months of treatment,all lung function indicators of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining TB with BUD/FM inhalation therapy increases the efficacy of treatment for patients with COPD.Besides,it also improves lung function and leads to a better prognosis.展开更多
Clinical DataCase selection: 100 cases who met thediagnostic criteria of senile dementiaformulated by American Association ofPsychiatry in Handbook of Diagnosis andStatistics (DSM-Ⅲ-R, 3rd revised edition)
Objective: the experiment will implement different treatment plans for patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma, and further compare the clinical efficacy of budesonide and formoterol powder inhalation and b...Objective: the experiment will implement different treatment plans for patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma, and further compare the clinical efficacy of budesonide and formoterol powder inhalation and budesonide suspension atomization inhalation. Methods: 100 patients with moderate to severe bronchial asthma admitted to our hospital were randomly selected as the subjects of this study. The diagnosis and treatment time range was from July 2020 to August 2021, and they were divided into groups by random design. The control group received budesonide suspension inhalation, while the observation group received budesonide formoterol powder inhalation, and the situation after four weeks of treatment was compared. Results: from the perspective of nursing quality, the lung function indexes of patients in the observation group were better than those in the control group. After treatment, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the observation group were (1.69±0.26) L and (65.77±0.28) %, respectively, while those in the control group were (1.13±0.19) L and (56.92±0.17) %. The comparison was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, the negative rate of bronchial dilation test in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (76.0% and 56.0%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, we compared the asthma control scores of patients before and after treatment, and the scores of the observation group were more advantageous after treatment, indicating that asthma symptoms were better controlled. Finally, the incidence of adverse reactions in patients was compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups, and both groups had safety guarantee. Conclusion: inhalation of Budesonide formoterol powder in the treatment of moderate and severe bronchial asthma has good efficacy, can improve the lung function index of patients, strengthen the control of asthma symptoms, and has the value of clinical promotion.展开更多
AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(G...AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Group A,n = 15);septic shock group(Group B,n = 15);early fluid resuscitation-treated septic shock group(Group C,n = 15);and early fluid resuscitation and inhalation of 2% hydrogentreated septic shock group(Group D,n = 15).The activity of hydroxyl radicals,myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),diamine oxidase(DAO),and the concentration of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the lung and intestinal tissue were assessed according to the corresponding kits.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathology of the lung and intestine.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung and intestine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The expression levels of Fas and Bcl2 in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS:Septic shock elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA(10.17 ± 1.12 nmol/mg protein vs 2.98 ± 0.64 nmol/mg protein) and MPO(6.79 ± 1.02 U/g wet tissue vs 1.69 ± 0.14 U/g wet tissue) in lung tissues.These effects were not significantly decreased by Group C pretreatment,but were significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment(MDA:4.45 ± 1.13 nmol/mg protein vs 9.56 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein;MPO:2.58 ± 0.21 U/g wet tissue vs 6.02 ± 1.16 U/g wet tissue).The activity of SOD(250.32 ± 8.56 U/mg protein vs 365.78 ± 10.26 U/mg protein) in lung tissues was decreased after septic shock,and was not significantly increased by Group C pretreatment,but was significantly enhanced by Group D pretreatment(331.15 ± 9.64 U/mg protein vs 262.98 ± 5.47 U/mg protein).Histological evidence of lung hemorrhage,neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α was observed in lung tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further alleviated by Group D pretreatment.Septic shock also elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA,MPO and DAO(6.54 ± 0.68 kU/L vs 4.32 ± 0.33 kU/L) in intestinal tissues,all of which were further increased by Group C,but significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment.Increased Chiu scoring and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in intestinal tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further attenuated by Group D pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation may protect the lung and intestine of the septic shock rats from the damage induced by oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction.展开更多
Ever since the success of developing inhalable insulin,drug delivery via pulmonary administration has become an attractive route to treat chronic diseases.Pulmonary delivery system for nanotechnology is a relatively n...Ever since the success of developing inhalable insulin,drug delivery via pulmonary administration has become an attractive route to treat chronic diseases.Pulmonary delivery system for nanotechnology is a relatively new concept especially when applicable to lung cancer therapy.Nano-based systems such as liposome,polymeric nanoparticles or micelles are strategically designed to enhance the therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs through improvement of their bioavailability,stability and residency at targeted lung regions.Along with these benefits,nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment,including imaging,screening and drug tracking.Nevertheless,delivery of nanobased drugs via pulmonary administration for lung cancer therapy is still in its infancy and numerous challenges are expected.Pharmacology,immunology,toxicology and largescale manufacturing(stability and activity of drugs)are some aspects in nanotechnology that should be taken into consideration for the development of inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs.This review will focus on the current inhalable nano-based drugs for lung cancer treatment.展开更多
Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body...Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.展开更多
BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at...BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at early stage of smoke inhalation injury.METHODS： A rabbit smoke inhalation injury model was established using a home-made smoke inhalation injury generator, and rabbits were divided into two groups randomly： a control group （S group, n=32） and a MSCs treatment group （M group, n=32）. 10 ml PBS was injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the S group. Third generation MSCs with a concentration of 1×107/10 ml PBS were injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the M group. VEGF in peripheral blood and lung tissue were measured at 0 （baseline）, 2, 4 and 6 hours after injection respectively and analyzed. The right lungs of rabbits were taken to measure lung water mass fraction.RESULTS： In the lung tissue, VEGF decreased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and signi？ cantly decreased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it increased more signi？ cantly than the values at the corresponding time points （P〈0.05）. In peripheral blood, VEGF increased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and markedly increased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it decreased more signi？ cantly than the values at corresponding time points （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： MSCs engraftment to smoke inhalation injury could increase VEGF in lung tissue, decrease VEGF in plasma and reduce extravascular lung water, indicating its protective effect on smoke inhalation injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hydrofluoric acid(HF)is one of the most common causes of chemical burns.HF burns can cause wounds that deepen and progress aggressively.As a result,HF burns are often severe even if they involve a small are...BACKGROUND Hydrofluoric acid(HF)is one of the most common causes of chemical burns.HF burns can cause wounds that deepen and progress aggressively.As a result,HF burns are often severe even if they involve a small area of the skin.Published cases of HF burns have mostly reported small HF burn areas.Few cases of HF inhalation injury have been reported to date.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old man suffered from extensive hydrofluoric acid burns covering 60%of the total body surface area(TBSA),including deep second degree burns on 47%and third degree burns on 13%of the TBSA,after he fell into a pickling pool containing 15%HF.Comprehensive treatments were carried out after the patient was admitted.Ventricular fibrillation occurred 9 times within the first 2 h,and the lowest serum Ca2+concentration was 0.192 mmol/L.A dose of calcium gluconate(37 g)was intravenously supplied during the first 24 h,and the total amount of calcium gluconate supplementation was 343 g.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)was applied for 8 d to handle the acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)induced by the HF inhalation injury.The patient was discharged after 99 d of comprehensive treatment,including skin grafting.CONCLUSION Extensive HF burns combined with an inhalation injury led to a potentially fatal electrolyte imbalance and ARDS.Adequate and timely calcium supplementation and ECMO application were the keys to successful treatment of the patient.展开更多
Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phe...Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. The chitosan nanoparticles of varying size, size distribution, zeta potential, crystallinity, shape and surface roughness were prepared by spray drying technique as a function of chitosan, surfactant and processing conditions. Lactose-polyethylene glycol 3000(PEG3000) microparticles were similarly prepared. The chitosan nanoparticles, physically blended with fine lactose-PEG3000 microparticles, exhibited a comparable inhalation performance with the commercial dry powder inhaler products(fine particle fraction between 20% and 30%). Cascade impactor analysis indicated that the aerosolization and inhalation performance of chitosan nanoparticles was promoted by their higher zeta potential and circularity, and larger size attributes of which led to reduced inter-nanoparticulate aggregation and favored nanoparticles interacting with lactose-PEG3000 micropaticles that aided their delivery into deep and peripheral lungs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas ...OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.RESULTS： We found an LQ0 of 1.2× 10^4 mg/m^3 in the acute toxicity assays. In sub-chronic toxicity tests the organ coefficients studied showed no sig-nificant differences within rats groups of the same gender after treatment with moxa smoke or a month of recovery. However, mean gray degree of lung 70 heat shock protein （HSP70） was significantly elevated in the high dose group in comparison with the low dose group （P 〈 0.05）, mean gray degree, mean optical density, gross area of HSP70 in other organs and caspase-9 parameters showed no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that moxa smoke had no overt toxicity in rats. This work pro- vides evidence and reference for the design of dy- namic inhalation exposure systems.展开更多
Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an inc...Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.展开更多
Objective The pulmonary toxicity of a commercially available formulated preparation of Fenvalerate (Fen), a synthetic pyrethroid has been studied in rats following subchronic nose only inhalation exposure route. Metho...Objective The pulmonary toxicity of a commercially available formulated preparation of Fenvalerate (Fen), a synthetic pyrethroid has been studied in rats following subchronic nose only inhalation exposure route. Method Adult male rats were exposed to Fen for 4h/day, 5 days a week for 90 days by using Flow Past Dynamic Nose only Inhalation Chamber. Results Fen exposed rats showed a significant increase in enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) which are considered as biochemical indicators of pulmonary damage. The concomitant histopathological examination of Fen exposed rats' lung revealed inflammatory changes viz., influx of mononuclear cells admixed with a few giant cells in alveolar lumen, hypetrophied bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial lining cells and presence of edematous fluid in alveolar lumen alongwith congested parenchymatous blood vessels. Conclusion These results for the first time indicate the pulmonary toxic effects of a commonly used formulated Fen preparation by using rat model and nose only inhalation as the route of exposure.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project(82104952)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Special Fund(21Y11923600,23Y11921600)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Fund(202140172)Yueyang Hospital Translational Medicine Research Institute Level Fund(2024yyzh05)Yueyang Hospital Young Talent Training Project(RY411.07.02.04).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.
文摘This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a monotherapy group and a combination group,with 34 patients in each.The monotherapy group received ambroxol inhalation therapy,while the combination group received budesonide inhalation therapy in addition to ambroxol.The recovery progress,blood gas analysis indicators,inflammatory response improvement,and overall clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the combination group experienced a significantly shorter time for body temperature normalization(3.36±0.58 days vs.4.59±0.45 days),oxygen inhalation duration(4.89±0.57min vs.6.96±0.79min),disappearance of shortness of breath and cough(4.56±0.29 days vs.6.63±0.75 days),and resolution of lung wet rales(5.62±1.46 days vs.7.92±1.28 days)compared to the monotherapy group(P<0.05).Additionally,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the combination group(97.06%)than in the monotherapy group(73.52%)(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better blood gas analysis and inflammatory response indicators(P<0.05).These findings suggest that budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy can effectively improve blood oxygen saturation,reduce inflammation,promote faster recovery,and enhance overall clinical efficacy,making it a reliable treatment option for neonatal pneumonia.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271319 and 32071267)the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(YDZJ202301ZYTS537 and 20240402035GH)+1 种基金the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province(2023C015)the“Medicine+X”cross-innovation team of Bethune Medical Department of Jilin University“Leading the Charge with Open Competition”construction project(2022JBGS04).
文摘Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency,as well as a favorable drug release profile,which was beneficial for the deposition and exposure of drugs in the lung tissues.The release solution from microspheres exhibited a favorable anti-proliferative effect by inducting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase,and meanwhile inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells.More importantly,the microspheres could be effectively inhaled and accumulated in the lung tissues to trigger the in situ apoptosis of tumor cells and suppress metastasis,using mice bearing melanoma-metastatic lung cancer as a model.Furthermore,inhalation of themicrospheres showed favorable biocompatibility,barely causing tissue damage.Overall,porous PLGA microspheres provide a promising platform for the inhalable co-delivery of drugs and genes to obtain ideal therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.
文摘Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.
文摘This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as the research subjects by the random sampling method and divided into a control group and an observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with ribavirin injection and oral lysine-inositol-vitamin B12 solution,while the patients in the observation group received the treatment of the control group combined with recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared to determine the clinical efficacy of the two treatment plans.The total effective rates of treatment were 78.79%in the control group and 90.91%in the observation group.The research confirmed that the clinical effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children is remarkable.It can significantly improve the symptoms of children with hand,foot,and mouth disease and is suitable for clinical application and promotion.
基金the Wenzhou Basic Medical and Health Science and Technology Project,No.Y20210307.
文摘BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired pneumonia.Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted.AIM To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor production.METHODS A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited:30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic treatment.Outcome measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines,CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after treatment.Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and Th1/Th2 levels,and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after treatment.The total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75%and 85.00%,respectively,which was a significant difference(P=0.003).CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in children.The mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications such as wound reopening and bleeding.There is limited research on the risk factors for this agitation,and few effective tools exist to predict it.Therefore,by integrating clinical data,we have developed nomograms and random forest predictive models to help clinicians predict and potentially prevent EA.AIM To establish a risk nomogram prediction model for EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery under total inhalation combined with sacral block anesthesia.METHODS Based on the clinical information of 300 patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia surgery in the Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital,Guangxi,from January 2020 to June 2023,the patients were divided into two groups according to their sedation-agitation scale score,i.e.,the EA group(≥5 points)and the non-EA group(≤4 points),during anesthesia recovery.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the key features that predict EA,and incorporating them into logistic regression analysis to obtain potential pre-dictive factors and establish EA nomogram and random forest risk prediction models through R software.RESULTS Out of the 300 patients,72 had agitation during anesthesia recovery,with an incidence of 24.0%.American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,solid food fasting time,clear liquid fasting time,indwelling catheter,and pain level upon awakening are key predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery with total intravenous anesthesia and caudal block anesthesia.The nomogram predicts EA with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.947,a sensi-tivity of 0.917,and a specificity of 0.877,whereas the random forest model has an AUC of 0.923,a sensitivity of 0.912,and a specificity of 0.877.Delong’s test shows no significant difference in AUC between the two models.Clinical decision curve analysis indicates that both models have good net benefits in predicting EA,with the nomogram effective within the threshold of 0.02 to 0.96 and the random forest model within 0.03 to 0.90.In the external model validation of 50 cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery,both models predicted EA.The nomogram model had a sensitivity of 83.33%,specificity of 86.84%,and accuracy of 86.00%,while the random forest model had a sensitivity of 75.00%,specificity of 78.95%,and accuracy of 78.00%,suggesting that the nomogram model performs better in predicting EA.CONCLUSION Independent predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair with total intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal block include American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,duration of solid food fasting,duration of clear liquid fasting,presence of an indwelling catheter,and pain level upon waking.The nomogram and random forest models based on these factors can help tailor clinical decisions in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51738005 and 21777084)。
文摘Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute exposure.Subchronic exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue damage.However,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is necessary.In this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed water.Accordingly,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A levels.Moreover,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery period.The calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/day.Meanwhile,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed water.The threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed water.The findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to the hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were selected as samples for this study.The patients were divided into a combination group and a conventional group using the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.The patients in the combination group were treated with TB combined with BUD/FM inhalation,whereas the patients in the conventional group were treated with BUD/FM inhalation only.The treatment efficacy and changes in lung function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After three months of treatment,all lung function indicators of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining TB with BUD/FM inhalation therapy increases the efficacy of treatment for patients with COPD.Besides,it also improves lung function and leads to a better prognosis.
文摘Clinical DataCase selection: 100 cases who met thediagnostic criteria of senile dementiaformulated by American Association ofPsychiatry in Handbook of Diagnosis andStatistics (DSM-Ⅲ-R, 3rd revised edition)
文摘Objective: the experiment will implement different treatment plans for patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma, and further compare the clinical efficacy of budesonide and formoterol powder inhalation and budesonide suspension atomization inhalation. Methods: 100 patients with moderate to severe bronchial asthma admitted to our hospital were randomly selected as the subjects of this study. The diagnosis and treatment time range was from July 2020 to August 2021, and they were divided into groups by random design. The control group received budesonide suspension inhalation, while the observation group received budesonide formoterol powder inhalation, and the situation after four weeks of treatment was compared. Results: from the perspective of nursing quality, the lung function indexes of patients in the observation group were better than those in the control group. After treatment, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the observation group were (1.69±0.26) L and (65.77±0.28) %, respectively, while those in the control group were (1.13±0.19) L and (56.92±0.17) %. The comparison was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, the negative rate of bronchial dilation test in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (76.0% and 56.0%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, we compared the asthma control scores of patients before and after treatment, and the scores of the observation group were more advantageous after treatment, indicating that asthma symptoms were better controlled. Finally, the incidence of adverse reactions in patients was compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups, and both groups had safety guarantee. Conclusion: inhalation of Budesonide formoterol powder in the treatment of moderate and severe bronchial asthma has good efficacy, can improve the lung function index of patients, strengthen the control of asthma symptoms, and has the value of clinical promotion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81101415
文摘AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Group A,n = 15);septic shock group(Group B,n = 15);early fluid resuscitation-treated septic shock group(Group C,n = 15);and early fluid resuscitation and inhalation of 2% hydrogentreated septic shock group(Group D,n = 15).The activity of hydroxyl radicals,myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),diamine oxidase(DAO),and the concentration of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the lung and intestinal tissue were assessed according to the corresponding kits.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathology of the lung and intestine.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung and intestine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The expression levels of Fas and Bcl2 in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS:Septic shock elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA(10.17 ± 1.12 nmol/mg protein vs 2.98 ± 0.64 nmol/mg protein) and MPO(6.79 ± 1.02 U/g wet tissue vs 1.69 ± 0.14 U/g wet tissue) in lung tissues.These effects were not significantly decreased by Group C pretreatment,but were significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment(MDA:4.45 ± 1.13 nmol/mg protein vs 9.56 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein;MPO:2.58 ± 0.21 U/g wet tissue vs 6.02 ± 1.16 U/g wet tissue).The activity of SOD(250.32 ± 8.56 U/mg protein vs 365.78 ± 10.26 U/mg protein) in lung tissues was decreased after septic shock,and was not significantly increased by Group C pretreatment,but was significantly enhanced by Group D pretreatment(331.15 ± 9.64 U/mg protein vs 262.98 ± 5.47 U/mg protein).Histological evidence of lung hemorrhage,neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α was observed in lung tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further alleviated by Group D pretreatment.Septic shock also elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA,MPO and DAO(6.54 ± 0.68 kU/L vs 4.32 ± 0.33 kU/L) in intestinal tissues,all of which were further increased by Group C,but significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment.Increased Chiu scoring and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in intestinal tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further attenuated by Group D pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation may protect the lung and intestine of the septic shock rats from the damage induced by oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction.
文摘Ever since the success of developing inhalable insulin,drug delivery via pulmonary administration has become an attractive route to treat chronic diseases.Pulmonary delivery system for nanotechnology is a relatively new concept especially when applicable to lung cancer therapy.Nano-based systems such as liposome,polymeric nanoparticles or micelles are strategically designed to enhance the therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs through improvement of their bioavailability,stability and residency at targeted lung regions.Along with these benefits,nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment,including imaging,screening and drug tracking.Nevertheless,delivery of nanobased drugs via pulmonary administration for lung cancer therapy is still in its infancy and numerous challenges are expected.Pharmacology,immunology,toxicology and largescale manufacturing(stability and activity of drugs)are some aspects in nanotechnology that should be taken into consideration for the development of inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs.This review will focus on the current inhalable nano-based drugs for lung cancer treatment.
文摘Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.
文摘BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at early stage of smoke inhalation injury.METHODS： A rabbit smoke inhalation injury model was established using a home-made smoke inhalation injury generator, and rabbits were divided into two groups randomly： a control group （S group, n=32） and a MSCs treatment group （M group, n=32）. 10 ml PBS was injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the S group. Third generation MSCs with a concentration of 1×107/10 ml PBS were injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the M group. VEGF in peripheral blood and lung tissue were measured at 0 （baseline）, 2, 4 and 6 hours after injection respectively and analyzed. The right lungs of rabbits were taken to measure lung water mass fraction.RESULTS： In the lung tissue, VEGF decreased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and signi？ cantly decreased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it increased more signi？ cantly than the values at the corresponding time points （P〈0.05）. In peripheral blood, VEGF increased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and markedly increased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it decreased more signi？ cantly than the values at corresponding time points （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： MSCs engraftment to smoke inhalation injury could increase VEGF in lung tissue, decrease VEGF in plasma and reduce extravascular lung water, indicating its protective effect on smoke inhalation injury.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81701899 and No.81671911Youth Incubation Plan of the Military Medical Science and Technology,No.16QNP091+3 种基金Naval Medical University Youth Start-up Fund,No.2016QN10the Logistics Scientific Research Program,No.AWS14C001-4Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Project,No.H2017071Suzhou Clinical Medical Center Construction Program,No.SZZXJ201506
文摘BACKGROUND Hydrofluoric acid(HF)is one of the most common causes of chemical burns.HF burns can cause wounds that deepen and progress aggressively.As a result,HF burns are often severe even if they involve a small area of the skin.Published cases of HF burns have mostly reported small HF burn areas.Few cases of HF inhalation injury have been reported to date.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old man suffered from extensive hydrofluoric acid burns covering 60%of the total body surface area(TBSA),including deep second degree burns on 47%and third degree burns on 13%of the TBSA,after he fell into a pickling pool containing 15%HF.Comprehensive treatments were carried out after the patient was admitted.Ventricular fibrillation occurred 9 times within the first 2 h,and the lowest serum Ca2+concentration was 0.192 mmol/L.A dose of calcium gluconate(37 g)was intravenously supplied during the first 24 h,and the total amount of calcium gluconate supplementation was 343 g.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)was applied for 8 d to handle the acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)induced by the HF inhalation injury.The patient was discharged after 99 d of comprehensive treatment,including skin grafting.CONCLUSION Extensive HF burns combined with an inhalation injury led to a potentially fatal electrolyte imbalance and ARDS.Adequate and timely calcium supplementation and ECMO application were the keys to successful treatment of the patient.
基金Universiti Teknologi MARAMinistry of Higher Education of Malaysia for fund(0141903),LRGS-NanoMITe RU029-2014 and facility support。
文摘Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. The chitosan nanoparticles of varying size, size distribution, zeta potential, crystallinity, shape and surface roughness were prepared by spray drying technique as a function of chitosan, surfactant and processing conditions. Lactose-polyethylene glycol 3000(PEG3000) microparticles were similarly prepared. The chitosan nanoparticles, physically blended with fine lactose-PEG3000 microparticles, exhibited a comparable inhalation performance with the commercial dry powder inhaler products(fine particle fraction between 20% and 30%). Cascade impactor analysis indicated that the aerosolization and inhalation performance of chitosan nanoparticles was promoted by their higher zeta potential and circularity, and larger size attributes of which led to reduced inter-nanoparticulate aggregation and favored nanoparticles interacting with lactose-PEG3000 micropaticles that aided their delivery into deep and peripheral lungs.
基金Supported by the Study of Warming Effect of Moxibustion and its Principle(the Major National Basic Research Program of China,No.2009CB522904)the Study of Safety of Moxibustion Products Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Metabonomics Technology(Hunan Graduate Student Innovation Fund,No.CX2010B342)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.RESULTS： We found an LQ0 of 1.2× 10^4 mg/m^3 in the acute toxicity assays. In sub-chronic toxicity tests the organ coefficients studied showed no sig-nificant differences within rats groups of the same gender after treatment with moxa smoke or a month of recovery. However, mean gray degree of lung 70 heat shock protein （HSP70） was significantly elevated in the high dose group in comparison with the low dose group （P 〈 0.05）, mean gray degree, mean optical density, gross area of HSP70 in other organs and caspase-9 parameters showed no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that moxa smoke had no overt toxicity in rats. This work pro- vides evidence and reference for the design of dy- namic inhalation exposure systems.
文摘Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.
文摘Objective The pulmonary toxicity of a commercially available formulated preparation of Fenvalerate (Fen), a synthetic pyrethroid has been studied in rats following subchronic nose only inhalation exposure route. Method Adult male rats were exposed to Fen for 4h/day, 5 days a week for 90 days by using Flow Past Dynamic Nose only Inhalation Chamber. Results Fen exposed rats showed a significant increase in enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) which are considered as biochemical indicators of pulmonary damage. The concomitant histopathological examination of Fen exposed rats' lung revealed inflammatory changes viz., influx of mononuclear cells admixed with a few giant cells in alveolar lumen, hypetrophied bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial lining cells and presence of edematous fluid in alveolar lumen alongwith congested parenchymatous blood vessels. Conclusion These results for the first time indicate the pulmonary toxic effects of a commonly used formulated Fen preparation by using rat model and nose only inhalation as the route of exposure.
