[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also prov...[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also provided reference for the bio-control effect of Nosema bombycis. [ Method ] Nosema bombycis was used to feed wild type and mutant drosophila, and the morphological observation of Nosema bombycis in drosophila body fluid was also analyzed by calcofluor white M2R fluorescent staining. [ Result] Nosema bombycis could infect drosophila, and the number of Nosema bombycis in the infected mutant drosophila was higher than that in wild type drosophila. [ Conclusion ] Nosema bombycis can infect drosophila, which provides primary reference for studies on the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to other hosts and also lays a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis.展开更多
A human lung squamous carcinoma was transplanted and passaged in Swiss-DF nude mice, called LSX-83, for more than five years in our laboratory. The morphological characteristics of the original tumor were maintained i...A human lung squamous carcinoma was transplanted and passaged in Swiss-DF nude mice, called LSX-83, for more than five years in our laboratory. The morphological characteristics of the original tumor were maintained in passages from 4 to 33. But from the 35th generation, an increasing amount of tonofilaments and nuclear segregation with typical features was found with electron microscopy. The C-type virus particles were first detected in extra cellular space after 40 passages. The viruses were observed in different stages of growth, but their distribution and number did not show apparent change up to 54 passages. Such findings suggest that LSX-83 cells probably possess certain barrier of resistance against C-type viruses. The relation between C-type viruses and the morphological changes of LSX-83 cells was discussed.展开更多
The infectious serositis was transmitted to duck by Pasteurella anatipestifer through 4 paths:trachea, abdominal cavity, crop and web. The most effective path is foot web and the suitable experimental infectious dose ...The infectious serositis was transmitted to duck by Pasteurella anatipestifer through 4 paths:trachea, abdominal cavity, crop and web. The most effective path is foot web and the suitable experimental infectious dose of bacteria is 4.5×108～6×108 cfu.展开更多
Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants...Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Henan and Guangxi Provinces of China. Complete nucleotide sequences of 5 representative isolates (AJ558116, AJ558117, AJ704604, FN256260, and FN297834) were determined to be 2738–2751 nucleotides, which share 91.7%–97.9% sequence identities with PaLCuCNV isolate G2 (AJ558123). DNA-β was not found to be associated with PaLCuCNV isolates. To investigate the infectivity of PaLCuCNV, an in-fectious clone of PaLCuCNV-[CN:HeNZM1] was constructed and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Samsun, N. glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum and Petunia hybrida plants, which induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plants. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated a systemic infection of test plants by the agro-infectious clone.展开更多
Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In thi...Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In this study,the putatively novel badnaviruses from lotus plants(LBVs)were identified using next-generation sequencing of siRNAs and conventional Sanger sequencing based on the RT/RNase H coding region sequences.Lotus plants infected by LBVs harbored virus quasispecies.A unique recombination event of LBVs was found in a single lotus plant.Sap inoculation showed that LBVs could actively replicate in the lotus plants,but without a wide host range.The field survey of 43 lotus plants in Jiangsu Province showed a prevalence of 62.8%for LBVs,confirming that it is widely distributed in Jiangsu Province of China.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.展开更多
This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection b...This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection began to appear on day 16 of admission,and both sputum and catheter tip cultures revealed R.mannitolilytica.The infection control department of the hospital later sampled and identified R.mannitolilytica in the ventilator tube that was used by the patient with the exact gene sequence as the infecting strain.These findings indicate that ventilator tubing is a significant contamination source of this pathogen,and hospitals need to enhance their disinfection methods of ventilator-related devices.展开更多
Background:Although sepsis is known to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adult burn patients,its epidemiology and impact are poorly understood.This study aims to address these gaps by further characte...Background:Although sepsis is known to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adult burn patients,its epidemiology and impact are poorly understood.This study aims to address these gaps by further characterizing predictors of sepsis and comparing outcomes between septic and non-septic burn patients in different age groups.Methods:We included patients(≥18 years)with thermal burn injuries≥5%total body surface area(TBSA)admitted to two burn centers between 1 January 2006 and 30 June 2021,and 1 January 2023 and 6 April 2025.Patients were stratified by age into adults(18-59 years)and older adults(≥60 years),and by diagnosis of sepsis during hospitalization(sepsis vs.control).Demographics,injury characteristics,mortality,and in-hospital complications were assessed.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of sepsis and mortality among septic patients.Results:This study included a total of 1465 patients,including 1094 adults and 371 older adults.Sepsis was diagnosed in 20.1%of adult burn patients,with a median onset at 10 d following injury.Increasing age,greater TBSA,and inhalation injury were identified as significant risk factors for sepsis.Among patients who developed sepsis,earlier onset and female sex were associated with an elevated risk of mortality.In older adults,the incidence of sepsis was 22.9%,with a median onset at 11 d post-burn.The odds of sepsis diagnosis increased with higher TBSA and the presence of inhalation injury.Earlier sepsis onset was associated with increased mortality in older adults.Conclusions:Sepsis represents a significant clinical challenge in burn patients,with age,TBSA,inhalation injury,and comorbidities significantly influencing its incidence and outcomes.Notably,early sepsis onset and female sex are associated with increased mortality,highlighting the need for advanced monitoring,prompt interventions,and the exploration of innovative sex-specific strategies to optimize outcomes in this high-risk population.展开更多
In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along va...In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues,even extending over two meters above the ground.These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year.Furthermore,this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees,presenting a substantial threat to pear production.To ascertain the causative agent,the present study encompassed pathogen isolation,morphological and molecular identification,as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates.The fungal isolates obtained were identified as Fusarium cugenangense based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia,in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha(tef1),calmodulin(Ca M),and RNA polymerase second largest subunit(rpb2)genes.Pathogenicity of the isolated F.cugenangense on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation.By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots,colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage,conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cugenangense causing pear wilt disease in China.展开更多
Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have signi...Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have significantly improved.While the systemic complications of post-transplantation are well recognized,ophthalmic manifestations remain underreported.Ophthalmic complications can significantly impair visual function and increase morbidity in these patients.Prolonged immunosuppression makes the patients susceptible to the opportunistic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus,Candida,Aspergillus,etc.Other common findings include dry eye disease,cataracts and retinal vascular complications which further contribute to the long-term morbidity in these patients.Early ophthalmic evaluation and prompt management are essential to prevent irreversible vision loss and improve post-transplant outcomes.High index of suspicion and multidisciplinary approach is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.This review highlights the range of ophthalmic complications observed in liver transplant recipients and underscores the need for future research focused on understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and refining the prophylactic protocols to improve outcomes in this unique patient population.展开更多
Innate immunity in host cells must be rapidly activated to combat invading microbes.Upon RIG-I activation,the transcription of type I interferons is induced within one hour in virus-infected cells.Previous studies hav...Innate immunity in host cells must be rapidly activated to combat invading microbes.Upon RIG-I activation,the transcription of type I interferons is induced within one hour in virus-infected cells.Previous studies have shown that endogenous MAVS spreads signals via aggregation on the mitochondrial membrane,whereas truncated recombinant MAVS forms prion-like filaments in vitro.How MAVS transmits signals so quickly,and the molecular architecture of its membrane aggregates,remains elusive.Here,we report that activated MAVS forms fibrils encircling its resident mitochondrion or connecting neighboring mitochondria with a“ladder-like”structure,allowing the activation of dormant MAVS on encountered mitochondria.This“intermitochondrial activation”process promotes a rapid antiviral response in cells to overcome the immediate danger caused by viruses.Moreover,stuck MAVS fibrils between mitochondria have limited cytosolic protein access and thus relay signals poorly.This study demonstrated that prion-like MAVS fibrils cluster in mitochondria to ensure a rapid antiviral response.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor ...To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.展开更多
As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatri...As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.展开更多
Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SD...Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.展开更多
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifyin...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.展开更多
Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following bu...Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.展开更多
Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodst...Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.展开更多
In this paper,we study some models with repulsion effect on superinfecting viruses by infected cells{■T/■t=DT△T(x,t)-■(TФ(T,I)■I)+h(x)-dTT(x,t)-β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t),■I/■T=DT△I+β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t)-dII(xt,),■I/■T=...In this paper,we study some models with repulsion effect on superinfecting viruses by infected cells{■T/■t=DT△T(x,t)-■(TФ(T,I)■I)+h(x)-dTT(x,t)-β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t),■I/■T=DT△I+β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t)-dII(xt,),■I/■T=■(Dv(I)■V)+γ(x)I(x,t)-dvV(x,t),where T(x,t),I(x,t)and V(x,t)are the density of uninfected cells,infected cells and viruses at time t at location x,respectively.The functions h(x),β(x)andγ(x)are assumed to be positive,continuous and bounded.h(x)denotes the production rate of uninfected cells.The infection rate isβ(x)and the functionγ(x)is the production rate of free viruses.Andβ(x)T(x,t)V(x,t)is the rate of transfer from uninfected cells to infected cells.The positive constants dT,dI and dV denote the death rate of uninfected cells,infected cells and viruses,respectively.The stability of the infection-free equilibrium solution and infection equilibrium solution is discussed.It is shown that if the basic reproduction number R0≤1 then the chemotaxis has no effect,that is,the infection-free constant solution is stable.For the system with chemotactic sensitivityФ(T,I)=1-T,if R0>1,then the infection constant solution will be unstable under some conditions.展开更多
White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fung...White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(2008BB1368)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also provided reference for the bio-control effect of Nosema bombycis. [ Method ] Nosema bombycis was used to feed wild type and mutant drosophila, and the morphological observation of Nosema bombycis in drosophila body fluid was also analyzed by calcofluor white M2R fluorescent staining. [ Result] Nosema bombycis could infect drosophila, and the number of Nosema bombycis in the infected mutant drosophila was higher than that in wild type drosophila. [ Conclusion ] Nosema bombycis can infect drosophila, which provides primary reference for studies on the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to other hosts and also lays a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis.
文摘A human lung squamous carcinoma was transplanted and passaged in Swiss-DF nude mice, called LSX-83, for more than five years in our laboratory. The morphological characteristics of the original tumor were maintained in passages from 4 to 33. But from the 35th generation, an increasing amount of tonofilaments and nuclear segregation with typical features was found with electron microscopy. The C-type virus particles were first detected in extra cellular space after 40 passages. The viruses were observed in different stages of growth, but their distribution and number did not show apparent change up to 54 passages. Such findings suggest that LSX-83 cells probably possess certain barrier of resistance against C-type viruses. The relation between C-type viruses and the morphological changes of LSX-83 cells was discussed.
文摘The infectious serositis was transmitted to duck by Pasteurella anatipestifer through 4 paths:trachea, abdominal cavity, crop and web. The most effective path is foot web and the suitable experimental infectious dose of bacteria is 4.5×108～6×108 cfu.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30530520)the Zhejiang Agricultural Science and Tech-nology Key Research Projects (No. 2007C12054)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. Y307397)
文摘Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Henan and Guangxi Provinces of China. Complete nucleotide sequences of 5 representative isolates (AJ558116, AJ558117, AJ704604, FN256260, and FN297834) were determined to be 2738–2751 nucleotides, which share 91.7%–97.9% sequence identities with PaLCuCNV isolate G2 (AJ558123). DNA-β was not found to be associated with PaLCuCNV isolates. To investigate the infectivity of PaLCuCNV, an in-fectious clone of PaLCuCNV-[CN:HeNZM1] was constructed and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Samsun, N. glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum and Petunia hybrida plants, which induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plants. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated a systemic infection of test plants by the agro-infectious clone.
基金Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant No.2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601604)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-24).
文摘Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)is an economically important perennial aquatic herb plant in China.Presently,viral diseases caused by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and Dasheen mosaic virus(DsMV)are detected in lotus.In this study,the putatively novel badnaviruses from lotus plants(LBVs)were identified using next-generation sequencing of siRNAs and conventional Sanger sequencing based on the RT/RNase H coding region sequences.Lotus plants infected by LBVs harbored virus quasispecies.A unique recombination event of LBVs was found in a single lotus plant.Sap inoculation showed that LBVs could actively replicate in the lotus plants,but without a wide host range.The field survey of 43 lotus plants in Jiangsu Province showed a prevalence of 62.8%for LBVs,confirming that it is widely distributed in Jiangsu Province of China.
基金the 2026 Health Commission Fund of Guizhou Province,China.the freestatistics suite for its technical support.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.
文摘This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection began to appear on day 16 of admission,and both sputum and catheter tip cultures revealed R.mannitolilytica.The infection control department of the hospital later sampled and identified R.mannitolilytica in the ventilator tube that was used by the patient with the exact gene sequence as the infecting strain.These findings indicate that ventilator tubing is a significant contamination source of this pathogen,and hospitals need to enhance their disinfection methods of ventilator-related devices.
基金a grant from the National Institute of Health (R01AG080040-01A1).
文摘Background:Although sepsis is known to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adult burn patients,its epidemiology and impact are poorly understood.This study aims to address these gaps by further characterizing predictors of sepsis and comparing outcomes between septic and non-septic burn patients in different age groups.Methods:We included patients(≥18 years)with thermal burn injuries≥5%total body surface area(TBSA)admitted to two burn centers between 1 January 2006 and 30 June 2021,and 1 January 2023 and 6 April 2025.Patients were stratified by age into adults(18-59 years)and older adults(≥60 years),and by diagnosis of sepsis during hospitalization(sepsis vs.control).Demographics,injury characteristics,mortality,and in-hospital complications were assessed.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of sepsis and mortality among septic patients.Results:This study included a total of 1465 patients,including 1094 adults and 371 older adults.Sepsis was diagnosed in 20.1%of adult burn patients,with a median onset at 10 d following injury.Increasing age,greater TBSA,and inhalation injury were identified as significant risk factors for sepsis.Among patients who developed sepsis,earlier onset and female sex were associated with an elevated risk of mortality.In older adults,the incidence of sepsis was 22.9%,with a median onset at 11 d post-burn.The odds of sepsis diagnosis increased with higher TBSA and the presence of inhalation injury.Earlier sepsis onset was associated with increased mortality in older adults.Conclusions:Sepsis represents a significant clinical challenge in burn patients,with age,TBSA,inhalation injury,and comorbidities significantly influencing its incidence and outcomes.Notably,early sepsis onset and female sex are associated with increased mortality,highlighting the need for advanced monitoring,prompt interventions,and the exploration of innovative sex-specific strategies to optimize outcomes in this high-risk population.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(23)1011)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901837)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671389)the Basal Research Fund for the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(ZX(23)3016)the Yafu Technology Service Project,China(KF(23)1106)。
文摘In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues,even extending over two meters above the ground.These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year.Furthermore,this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees,presenting a substantial threat to pear production.To ascertain the causative agent,the present study encompassed pathogen isolation,morphological and molecular identification,as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates.The fungal isolates obtained were identified as Fusarium cugenangense based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia,in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha(tef1),calmodulin(Ca M),and RNA polymerase second largest subunit(rpb2)genes.Pathogenicity of the isolated F.cugenangense on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation.By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots,colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage,conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cugenangense causing pear wilt disease in China.
文摘Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have significantly improved.While the systemic complications of post-transplantation are well recognized,ophthalmic manifestations remain underreported.Ophthalmic complications can significantly impair visual function and increase morbidity in these patients.Prolonged immunosuppression makes the patients susceptible to the opportunistic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus,Candida,Aspergillus,etc.Other common findings include dry eye disease,cataracts and retinal vascular complications which further contribute to the long-term morbidity in these patients.Early ophthalmic evaluation and prompt management are essential to prevent irreversible vision loss and improve post-transplant outcomes.High index of suspicion and multidisciplinary approach is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.This review highlights the range of ophthalmic complications observed in liver transplant recipients and underscores the need for future research focused on understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and refining the prophylactic protocols to improve outcomes in this unique patient population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130038)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2024YFA1306501 and 2022YFC2303700)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700242 and 2022T150017)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001).
文摘Innate immunity in host cells must be rapidly activated to combat invading microbes.Upon RIG-I activation,the transcription of type I interferons is induced within one hour in virus-infected cells.Previous studies have shown that endogenous MAVS spreads signals via aggregation on the mitochondrial membrane,whereas truncated recombinant MAVS forms prion-like filaments in vitro.How MAVS transmits signals so quickly,and the molecular architecture of its membrane aggregates,remains elusive.Here,we report that activated MAVS forms fibrils encircling its resident mitochondrion or connecting neighboring mitochondria with a“ladder-like”structure,allowing the activation of dormant MAVS on encountered mitochondria.This“intermitochondrial activation”process promotes a rapid antiviral response in cells to overcome the immediate danger caused by viruses.Moreover,stuck MAVS fibrils between mitochondria have limited cytosolic protein access and thus relay signals poorly.This study demonstrated that prion-like MAVS fibrils cluster in mitochondria to ensure a rapid antiviral response.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.
文摘As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(X2025102911746,X2025102910483).
文摘Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2021-NR060118,RS-2024-00408404, and RS-2025-00555808)supported by the Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion (KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (RS-2024-00404977)。
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2025GXNSFHA069111,2020GXNSFAA159033,2019GXNSFAA245078)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410601054).
文摘Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the project CDRSP funding(DOI:10.54499/UID/04044/2025 and ARISE funding(DOI:1054499/LA/P/0112/2020)the grant awarded to TP(10.54499/2020.09198.BD)+3 种基金the funding to JRD(10.54499/CEECINST/00060/2021/CP2902/CT0005)supported by INOV.AM-Inovação em Fabricação Aditiva,02-C05-i01.01-2022Nanofilm(CENTRO 2030-FEDER-01469100)Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).
文摘Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871238).
文摘In this paper,we study some models with repulsion effect on superinfecting viruses by infected cells{■T/■t=DT△T(x,t)-■(TФ(T,I)■I)+h(x)-dTT(x,t)-β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t),■I/■T=DT△I+β(x)T(x,t)V(x,t)-dII(xt,),■I/■T=■(Dv(I)■V)+γ(x)I(x,t)-dvV(x,t),where T(x,t),I(x,t)and V(x,t)are the density of uninfected cells,infected cells and viruses at time t at location x,respectively.The functions h(x),β(x)andγ(x)are assumed to be positive,continuous and bounded.h(x)denotes the production rate of uninfected cells.The infection rate isβ(x)and the functionγ(x)is the production rate of free viruses.Andβ(x)T(x,t)V(x,t)is the rate of transfer from uninfected cells to infected cells.The positive constants dT,dI and dV denote the death rate of uninfected cells,infected cells and viruses,respectively.The stability of the infection-free equilibrium solution and infection equilibrium solution is discussed.It is shown that if the basic reproduction number R0≤1 then the chemotaxis has no effect,that is,the infection-free constant solution is stable.For the system with chemotactic sensitivityФ(T,I)=1-T,if R0>1,then the infection constant solution will be unstable under some conditions.
文摘White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.
