This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection b...This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection began to appear on day 16 of admission,and both sputum and catheter tip cultures revealed R.mannitolilytica.The infection control department of the hospital later sampled and identified R.mannitolilytica in the ventilator tube that was used by the patient with the exact gene sequence as the infecting strain.These findings indicate that ventilator tubing is a significant contamination source of this pathogen,and hospitals need to enhance their disinfection methods of ventilator-related devices.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatri...As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.展开更多
Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have signi...Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have significantly improved.While the systemic complications of post-transplantation are well recognized,ophthalmic manifestations remain underreported.Ophthalmic complications can significantly impair visual function and increase morbidity in these patients.Prolonged immunosuppression makes the patients susceptible to the opportunistic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus,Candida,Aspergillus,etc.Other common findings include dry eye disease,cataracts and retinal vascular complications which further contribute to the long-term morbidity in these patients.Early ophthalmic evaluation and prompt management are essential to prevent irreversible vision loss and improve post-transplant outcomes.High index of suspicion and multidisciplinary approach is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.This review highlights the range of ophthalmic complications observed in liver transplant recipients and underscores the need for future research focused on understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and refining the prophylactic protocols to improve outcomes in this unique patient population.展开更多
To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor ...To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.展开更多
Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SD...Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.展开更多
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifyin...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.展开更多
Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following bu...Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.展开更多
Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodst...Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.展开更多
White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fung...White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidec...BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adj...Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.展开更多
BACKGROUND Salvage of the infected long stem revision total knee arthroplasty is challenging due to the presence of well-fixed ingrown or cemented stems.Reconstructive options are limited.Above knee amputation(AKA)is ...BACKGROUND Salvage of the infected long stem revision total knee arthroplasty is challenging due to the presence of well-fixed ingrown or cemented stems.Reconstructive options are limited.Above knee amputation(AKA)is often recommended.We present a surgical technique that was successfully used on four such patients to convert them to a knee fusion(KF)using a cephalomedullary nail.CASE SUMMARY Four patients with infected long stem revision knee replacements that refused AKA had a single stage removal of their infected revision total knee followed by a KF.They were all treated with a statically locked antegrade cephalomedullary fusion nail,augmented with antibiotic impregnated bone cement.All patients had successful limb salvage and were ambulatory with assistive devices at the time of last follow-up.All were infection free at an average follow-up of 25.5 months(range 16-31).CONCLUSION Single stage cephalomedullary nailing can result in a successful KF in patients with infected long stem revision total knees.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Henek...Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).展开更多
The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primaril...The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primarily dictated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which are classified into three main types:the really interesting new gene(RING),the RING-between-RING(RBR),and the homologous to the human papillomavirus E6 protein-associated protein(E6-AP)carboxyl terminus(HECT).Among the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the membrane-associated or membrane-proximal RING-CH(MARCH)proteins,which regulate the trafficking and levels of cellular and viral proteins,including immune receptors,innate immune response proteins,and viral glycoproteins[1].Eleven MARCH proteins,named MARCH1-11,are encoded in the human genome,and some of them(primarily MARCH8 along with MARCH1 and MARCH2)have been implicated in antiviral defense against RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1),influenza virus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV-2,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)[2].展开更多
Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central ne...Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.展开更多
BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a ...BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.展开更多
Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection with an acute onset,rapid progression,and high mortality rate.Since its incidence is lower than that of common fungal infections such as Aspergillus,Candida,and Cryptococcu...Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection with an acute onset,rapid progression,and high mortality rate.Since its incidence is lower than that of common fungal infections such as Aspergillus,Candida,and Cryptococcus,it is often overlooked in clinical practice.[1]However,in recent years,the incidence of mucormycosis has increased worldwide,potentially correlating with the growing population of diabetic patients.展开更多
Surgical site infections remain a significant challenge in gastrointestinal surgery,despite advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial therapy.Wang et al’s retrospective analysis highlights the transformative ...Surgical site infections remain a significant challenge in gastrointestinal surgery,despite advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial therapy.Wang et al’s retrospective analysis highlights the transformative potential of comprehensive perioperative disinfection and isolation protocols in gastrointestinal surgery,demonstrating a 55%reduction in postoperative infection rates and attenuation of systemic inflammation.Their findings underscore the critical role of multidisciplinary strategies—such as preoperative povidone-iodine decolonization,intraoperative laminar airflow systems,and strict postoperative wound care—in mitigating infection risk and preserving organ function.However,the study revealed persistent gaps in protocol standardization and compliance monitoring,particularly in resource-limited settings.Although these measures reduce reliance on antibiotics and align with global antimicrobial resistance containment efforts,challenges such as the high cost of technology and issues with contextual adaptability warrant urgent attention.This study conclusively demonstrated that structured perioperative disinfection protocols significantly transform surgical outcomes by creating comprehensive infection barriers that extend beyond traditional antibiotic prophylaxis.Future priorities include prospective multicenter trials to validate efficacy,cost-benefit analyses for equitable implementation,and integration of artificial intelligence-driven innovations to optimize infection prevention.This study redefines infection control as a cornerstone of surgical quality,urging collaborative action to bridge the gap between clinical evidence and real-world practice.展开更多
文摘This study examined a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a neonatal department in order to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission.Symptoms of infection began to appear on day 16 of admission,and both sputum and catheter tip cultures revealed R.mannitolilytica.The infection control department of the hospital later sampled and identified R.mannitolilytica in the ventilator tube that was used by the patient with the exact gene sequence as the infecting strain.These findings indicate that ventilator tubing is a significant contamination source of this pathogen,and hospitals need to enhance their disinfection methods of ventilator-related devices.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.
基金the 2026 Health Commission Fund of Guizhou Province,China.the freestatistics suite for its technical support.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.
文摘Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure.With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regimens,patient survival rates have significantly improved.While the systemic complications of post-transplantation are well recognized,ophthalmic manifestations remain underreported.Ophthalmic complications can significantly impair visual function and increase morbidity in these patients.Prolonged immunosuppression makes the patients susceptible to the opportunistic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus,Candida,Aspergillus,etc.Other common findings include dry eye disease,cataracts and retinal vascular complications which further contribute to the long-term morbidity in these patients.Early ophthalmic evaluation and prompt management are essential to prevent irreversible vision loss and improve post-transplant outcomes.High index of suspicion and multidisciplinary approach is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.This review highlights the range of ophthalmic complications observed in liver transplant recipients and underscores the need for future research focused on understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and refining the prophylactic protocols to improve outcomes in this unique patient population.
文摘To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(X2025102911746,X2025102910483).
文摘Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2021-NR060118,RS-2024-00408404, and RS-2025-00555808)supported by the Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion (KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (RS-2024-00404977)。
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2025GXNSFHA069111,2020GXNSFAA159033,2019GXNSFAA245078)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410601054).
文摘Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the project CDRSP funding(DOI:10.54499/UID/04044/2025 and ARISE funding(DOI:1054499/LA/P/0112/2020)the grant awarded to TP(10.54499/2020.09198.BD)+3 种基金the funding to JRD(10.54499/CEECINST/00060/2021/CP2902/CT0005)supported by INOV.AM-Inovação em Fabricação Aditiva,02-C05-i01.01-2022Nanofilm(CENTRO 2030-FEDER-01469100)Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).
文摘Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.
文摘White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.
文摘BACKGROUND Salvage of the infected long stem revision total knee arthroplasty is challenging due to the presence of well-fixed ingrown or cemented stems.Reconstructive options are limited.Above knee amputation(AKA)is often recommended.We present a surgical technique that was successfully used on four such patients to convert them to a knee fusion(KF)using a cephalomedullary nail.CASE SUMMARY Four patients with infected long stem revision knee replacements that refused AKA had a single stage removal of their infected revision total knee followed by a KF.They were all treated with a statically locked antegrade cephalomedullary fusion nail,augmented with antibiotic impregnated bone cement.All patients had successful limb salvage and were ambulatory with assistive devices at the time of last follow-up.All were infection free at an average follow-up of 25.5 months(range 16-31).CONCLUSION Single stage cephalomedullary nailing can result in a successful KF in patients with infected long stem revision total knees.
基金supported by Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium-TARCC 2022-26,The National Football League Players Association-NFLPA,NIH/NIA Grant 1R01 AG072491 to TB and FDP.
文摘Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).
基金partly supported by the United States National Institutes of Health(P20 GM134974 to RKJ).
文摘The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primarily dictated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which are classified into three main types:the really interesting new gene(RING),the RING-between-RING(RBR),and the homologous to the human papillomavirus E6 protein-associated protein(E6-AP)carboxyl terminus(HECT).Among the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the membrane-associated or membrane-proximal RING-CH(MARCH)proteins,which regulate the trafficking and levels of cellular and viral proteins,including immune receptors,innate immune response proteins,and viral glycoproteins[1].Eleven MARCH proteins,named MARCH1-11,are encoded in the human genome,and some of them(primarily MARCH8 along with MARCH1 and MARCH2)have been implicated in antiviral defense against RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1),influenza virus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV-2,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)[2].
基金supported by funds from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Brasil(CNPq)(312286/2023-6,307201/2023-6,and Instituto Nacional Saude Cerebral INSC,No.406020/2022-1)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ(E-26/010.002260/2019,E-26/010.001652/2019,E-26/010.101036/2018,E-26/202.774/2018,E-26/210.240/2020,E-26/211.138/2021,26/210.823/2021,E-26/211.325/2021,E-26/210.779/2021,E-26/201.086/2022,E-26/210.312/2022,E-26/203.262/2023,E-26/200.195/2023)(to LEBS)。
文摘Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MH331.
文摘BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82372206)the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(H2023107)the Project of Basic and Clinical Research on Cardiac Arrest in the Emergency and Critical Care Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(XKTJ-XK202408-2).
文摘Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection with an acute onset,rapid progression,and high mortality rate.Since its incidence is lower than that of common fungal infections such as Aspergillus,Candida,and Cryptococcus,it is often overlooked in clinical practice.[1]However,in recent years,the incidence of mucormycosis has increased worldwide,potentially correlating with the growing population of diabetic patients.
文摘Surgical site infections remain a significant challenge in gastrointestinal surgery,despite advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial therapy.Wang et al’s retrospective analysis highlights the transformative potential of comprehensive perioperative disinfection and isolation protocols in gastrointestinal surgery,demonstrating a 55%reduction in postoperative infection rates and attenuation of systemic inflammation.Their findings underscore the critical role of multidisciplinary strategies—such as preoperative povidone-iodine decolonization,intraoperative laminar airflow systems,and strict postoperative wound care—in mitigating infection risk and preserving organ function.However,the study revealed persistent gaps in protocol standardization and compliance monitoring,particularly in resource-limited settings.Although these measures reduce reliance on antibiotics and align with global antimicrobial resistance containment efforts,challenges such as the high cost of technology and issues with contextual adaptability warrant urgent attention.This study conclusively demonstrated that structured perioperative disinfection protocols significantly transform surgical outcomes by creating comprehensive infection barriers that extend beyond traditional antibiotic prophylaxis.Future priorities include prospective multicenter trials to validate efficacy,cost-benefit analyses for equitable implementation,and integration of artificial intelligence-driven innovations to optimize infection prevention.This study redefines infection control as a cornerstone of surgical quality,urging collaborative action to bridge the gap between clinical evidence and real-world practice.
