An effective method for the trace analysis of indoxacarb residue in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin [grapefruit, ginger, fresh soybean, bamboo shoot, qing-gen-cai （cruciferous vegetable）, chicken, fish, and po...An effective method for the trace analysis of indoxacarb residue in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin [grapefruit, ginger, fresh soybean, bamboo shoot, qing-gen-cai （cruciferous vegetable）, chicken, fish, and pork] was developed using gas chromatography （GC-ECD） and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Samples were extracted using acetone and n-hexane mixed solvent （1：2, v/v） and then purified using solid-phase extraction （SPE） columns. The extracts were analyzed using GC-ECD and LC-MS/MS. The multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） scheme used involved transitions of the precursor ions to selected two product ions in which one pair for identification was m/z 529 → 293 and another pair for quantification was m/z 529 → 249. The detection limits （LODs） of the method were 0.0015 and 0.0006 mg kg^-1, and the quantification limits （LOQs） were 0.005 and 0.002 mg kg^-1 for GC-ECD and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSDs） of recovery for indoxacarb were lower than 15% in 10 types of agro-products. Ten repetitive determinations of recovery achieved good reproducibility for indoxacarb and the recovery ranged from 72.08 to 113.74%. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of several real samples of different origin from Fujian Province, China, and 299 samples were screened for indoxacarb residue, of which 5 positive samples were found.展开更多
The biological half-life and final residue levels of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were determined in cauliflower over a 10-day cultivation period following applications of a standard (100 g a.i.ha–1 and 200 g a.i.·h...The biological half-life and final residue levels of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were determined in cauliflower over a 10-day cultivation period following applications of a standard (100 g a.i.ha–1 and 200 g a.i.·ha–1, respectively) and double dose (200 g a.i.·ha–1 and 400 g a.i.·ha–1, respectively). The residue levels were analyzed by gas chromatography with recovery ranging from 92.1% to 109.7%. The biological half-lives of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were 6.33 and 7.74 days for the standard dose, and 6.26 and 7.44 days for the double dose, respectively. The initial and persisting concentrations of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were all below the Korean maximum residue limits for broccoli of 1.0 mgkg–1 and 3.0 mgkg–1, respectively.展开更多
A rapid, simple and an efficient method for the determination of indoxacarb in cauliflower and soil samples was developed and validated using QuEChERS technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). Recove...A rapid, simple and an efficient method for the determination of indoxacarb in cauliflower and soil samples was developed and validated using QuEChERS technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). Recoveries at four different spiking concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg–1 ranged from 87 to 96% were achieved with good repeatability and RSD of 1% - 6%. The average initial deposits of 0.23 and 0.45 mg kg–1 were observed after last application of indoxacarb @ 52.2 and 104.4 g. a.i. ha–1 at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. The residues in cauliflower dissipated below its LOQ of 0.01 mg kg–1 after 7 days and its half-life periods were observed to be 1.12 and 1.31 days, respectively, at single and double the dosages. Keeping in view 80 g consumption of cauliflower curds per day for a 55 kg person, theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC) of indoxacarb when calculated from maximum residues observed on 0 day samples at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively, were found to be 20.8 and 36.8 μg in comparison to its acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 550 μg, which is quite safe.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study a synthetic method suitable for industrial production of intermediate N-Chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate of indoxacarb.[Method]Using 4-trifluoromethoxy anil...[Objective]The paper was to study a synthetic method suitable for industrial production of intermediate N-Chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate of indoxacarb.[Method]Using 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline as the starting material,[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by homogeneous formylation method without acid-binding agent.Subsequently,it was reacted with sodium methoxide/potassium methoxide by reactive distillation to obtain[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate ammonium sodium/potassium,then directly reacted with triphosgene to obtain crude products of N-carbonochloridoyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate;finally,competing product was obtained by recrystallization.[Result]The intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by the method.The content of products was higher than 98%.The yield of product reached above 96%(calculated by 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline).[Conclusion]The method used for the synthesis of intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate was simple,with less three wastes,higher safety and lower cost.展开更多
Indoxacarb and metaflumizone belong to a relatively new class of sodium channel blocker insecticides （SCBIs）. Due to intensive use of indoxacarb, field-evolved indoxacarb resistance has been reported in several lepi...Indoxacarb and metaflumizone belong to a relatively new class of sodium channel blocker insecticides （SCBIs）. Due to intensive use of indoxacarb, field-evolved indoxacarb resistance has been reported in several lepidopteran pests, including the dia- mondback moth Plutella xylostella, a serious pest of cruciferous crops. In particular, the BY 12 population of P. xylostella, collected from Baiyun, Guangdong Province of China in 2012, was 750-fold more resistant to indoxacarb and 70-fold more resistant to metaflu- mizone compared with the susceptible Roth strain. Comparison of complementary DNA sequences encoding the sodium channel genes of Roth and BY12 revealed two point mu- tations （F1845Y and V1848I） in the sixth segment of domain IV of the PxNav protein in the BY population. Both mutations are located within a highly conserved sequence region that is predicted to be involved in the binding sites of local anesthetics and SCBIs based on mammalian sodium channels. A significant correlation was observed among 10 field-collected populations between the mutant allele （Y 1845 or I 1848） frequencies （1.7% to 52.5%） and resistance levels to both indoxacarb （34- to 870-fold） and metaflumizone （1- to 70-fold）. The two mutations were never found to co-exist in the same allele of PxNav, suggesting that they arose independently. This is the first time that sodium channel muta- tions have been associated with high levels of resistance to SCBIs. F 1845Y and V 1848I are molecular markers for resistance monitoring in the diamondback moth and possibly other insect pest species.展开更多
The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investig...The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E） （the lesser grain borer）, Sitophilus oryzae （L.） （the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst） （the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.） （the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens） （the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. Imidacloprid had no effect on S. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .展开更多
The xenobiotic transcription factor cap‘n’collar isoform C(CncC)is considered the central regulator of antioxidant and detoxification genes.Previous research indicated that CncC regulates three-phase enzymes respons...The xenobiotic transcription factor cap‘n’collar isoform C(CncC)is considered the central regulator of antioxidant and detoxification genes.Previous research indicated that CncC regulates three-phase enzymes responsible for insecticide resistance.In this study,the SlituCncC gene from Spodoptera litura was obtained and characterized.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis showed that SlituCncC was expressed in all developmental stages and tissues,but was highly expressed in 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae,and in the Malpighian tubule,fat body,and midgut.In addition,SlituCncC was up-regulated and more highly induced with indoxacarb treatment in the indoxacarb-resistant strains compared with the susceptible strain.RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of SlituCncC significantly increased mortality of S.liura when exposed to in-doxacarb.Furthermore,comparative transcriptome analysis showed that 842 genes were down-regulated and 127 genes were up-regulated in SlituC"ncC knockdown S.litura.Further analysis indicated that 18 three-phase enzymes were identified in the down-regulated genes,of which seven were associated with indoxacarb resistance in S.litura.qPCR analysis confirmed that expression of six of these seven genes was consistent with RNA se-quencing data.All six detoxification genes were induced by indoxacarb,and the expression patterns were similar to that of SlituCncC.Finally,the CneC-Maf binding site was predicted in all six gene promoters.This study indicates that the transcription factor SlituCncC may regulate multiple detoxification genes that mediate indoxacarb resistance in S.litura.展开更多
Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long.They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species,including insects,and some lncRNA...Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long.They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species,including insects,and some lncRNAs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance.However,the characteristics and biological func-tions of lncRNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance are unknown in Spodoptera litura.We performed RNA sequencing in the SS,InRS,and FInRS of S.litura and identified 11978 lncRNAs,including 3136 intergenic lncRNAs,7393 intronic lncRNAs,and 1449 anti-sense lncRNAs.Compared with the SS,51 lncRNAs were upregulated and 134 lncRNAs were downregulated in the two resistant strains,and 908 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as the target genes of the 185 differentially expressed lncRNAs.Further analysis showed that 112 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may be associated with in-doxacarb resistance by regulating the expression of 14 P450s,seven CCEs,one GST,six UGTs,five ABC transporters,and 24 cuticle protein genes,and 79 of differentially ex-pressed lncRNAs may regulate the expression of 14 detoxification genes and 19 cuticle protein genes to participate in indoxacarb resistance by sponging 10 microRNAs.Interest-ingly,47 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may mediate indoxacarb resistance through both lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways.Furthermore,quantitative PCR,RNA interference,and indoxacarb bioassay analyses indicated that over-expressed LNC_004867 and LNC_006576 were involved in indoxacarb resistance.This study provides comprehensive information for lncRNAs of S.litura,and presents evidence that lncRNAs havekey roles in conferring insecticide resistance in S.litura.展开更多
[目的]探索20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方的研发并进行田间应用效果验证。[方法]利用湿法研磨,完成20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方中润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等各组分筛选,确定最终的配方组合,并完成理化性质的检测。通过...[目的]探索20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方的研发并进行田间应用效果验证。[方法]利用湿法研磨,完成20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方中润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等各组分筛选,确定最终的配方组合,并完成理化性质的检测。通过对配方进行田间效果验证,确定20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂对水稻二化螟的田间防效。[结果]筛选出20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂(SC)配方最佳配比:呋虫胺原药10%,茚虫威原药10%,DS-5393.0%,48942.0%,SP-SC32751.0%,黄原胶0.2%,硅酸镁铝0.4%,乙二醇8.0%,消泡剂AF 0.4%,柠檬酸0.3%,去离子水补足100%。田间试验表明:20%呋虫胺·茚虫威SC对水稻二化螟具有较好的防治效果,在120 g a.i./hm^(2)的用量下,药后7、14 d的防效分别为90.4%和94.2%,显著高于对照药剂。[结论]该配方制得的20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂具有优异的物理稳定性,各项指标均符合检测要求,且对水稻二化螟具有优异的防治效果,为呋虫胺和茚虫威复配悬浮剂配方的开发提供参考数据和思路。展开更多
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)是一种杂食性害虫,原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区,于2019年1月在中国云南省首次被发现后,已迅速向广西、贵州、广东及湖南等地蔓延。草地贪夜蛾寄主广泛,常用化学防治药剂为有机磷类、氨基...草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)是一种杂食性害虫,原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区,于2019年1月在中国云南省首次被发现后,已迅速向广西、贵州、广东及湖南等地蔓延。草地贪夜蛾寄主广泛,常用化学防治药剂为有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类,田间抗性监测数据显示,其对上述3类常用药剂已达中至高等抗性水平。此外,已有研究证明氯菊酯抗性草地贪夜蛾对二嗪类杀虫剂茚虫威无交互抗性;同时已有关于草地贪夜蛾对氟苯虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺田间和室内抗性的报道,表明其对上述2种药剂存在极高的交互抗性风险。草地贪夜蛾的抗药性机理主要涉及表皮穿透性降低、解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降等几方面,其中代谢解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降是导致草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂产生抗性的主要机制。文章综述了草地贪夜蛾对传统杀虫剂和新型作用机制杀虫剂的抗性现状及抗性机理等方面的研究进展,以期对当前中国的草地贪夜蛾田间防治及抗性研究和防控提供参考。展开更多
基金grants from Fujian Pro- vincial Department of Science and Technology (2006F3002)Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau (3502Z20072003)China Postdoctoral Programme (20060390291)
文摘An effective method for the trace analysis of indoxacarb residue in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin [grapefruit, ginger, fresh soybean, bamboo shoot, qing-gen-cai （cruciferous vegetable）, chicken, fish, and pork] was developed using gas chromatography （GC-ECD） and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Samples were extracted using acetone and n-hexane mixed solvent （1：2, v/v） and then purified using solid-phase extraction （SPE） columns. The extracts were analyzed using GC-ECD and LC-MS/MS. The multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） scheme used involved transitions of the precursor ions to selected two product ions in which one pair for identification was m/z 529 → 293 and another pair for quantification was m/z 529 → 249. The detection limits （LODs） of the method were 0.0015 and 0.0006 mg kg^-1, and the quantification limits （LOQs） were 0.005 and 0.002 mg kg^-1 for GC-ECD and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSDs） of recovery for indoxacarb were lower than 15% in 10 types of agro-products. Ten repetitive determinations of recovery achieved good reproducibility for indoxacarb and the recovery ranged from 72.08 to 113.74%. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of several real samples of different origin from Fujian Province, China, and 299 samples were screened for indoxacarb residue, of which 5 positive samples were found.
文摘The biological half-life and final residue levels of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were determined in cauliflower over a 10-day cultivation period following applications of a standard (100 g a.i.ha–1 and 200 g a.i.·ha–1, respectively) and double dose (200 g a.i.·ha–1 and 400 g a.i.·ha–1, respectively). The residue levels were analyzed by gas chromatography with recovery ranging from 92.1% to 109.7%. The biological half-lives of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were 6.33 and 7.74 days for the standard dose, and 6.26 and 7.44 days for the double dose, respectively. The initial and persisting concentrations of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were all below the Korean maximum residue limits for broccoli of 1.0 mgkg–1 and 3.0 mgkg–1, respectively.
文摘A rapid, simple and an efficient method for the determination of indoxacarb in cauliflower and soil samples was developed and validated using QuEChERS technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). Recoveries at four different spiking concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg–1 ranged from 87 to 96% were achieved with good repeatability and RSD of 1% - 6%. The average initial deposits of 0.23 and 0.45 mg kg–1 were observed after last application of indoxacarb @ 52.2 and 104.4 g. a.i. ha–1 at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. The residues in cauliflower dissipated below its LOQ of 0.01 mg kg–1 after 7 days and its half-life periods were observed to be 1.12 and 1.31 days, respectively, at single and double the dosages. Keeping in view 80 g consumption of cauliflower curds per day for a 55 kg person, theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC) of indoxacarb when calculated from maximum residues observed on 0 day samples at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively, were found to be 20.8 and 36.8 μg in comparison to its acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 550 μg, which is quite safe.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study a synthetic method suitable for industrial production of intermediate N-Chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate of indoxacarb.[Method]Using 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline as the starting material,[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by homogeneous formylation method without acid-binding agent.Subsequently,it was reacted with sodium methoxide/potassium methoxide by reactive distillation to obtain[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate ammonium sodium/potassium,then directly reacted with triphosgene to obtain crude products of N-carbonochloridoyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate;finally,competing product was obtained by recrystallization.[Result]The intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by the method.The content of products was higher than 98%.The yield of product reached above 96%(calculated by 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline).[Conclusion]The method used for the synthesis of intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate was simple,with less three wastes,higher safety and lower cost.
文摘Indoxacarb and metaflumizone belong to a relatively new class of sodium channel blocker insecticides （SCBIs）. Due to intensive use of indoxacarb, field-evolved indoxacarb resistance has been reported in several lepidopteran pests, including the dia- mondback moth Plutella xylostella, a serious pest of cruciferous crops. In particular, the BY 12 population of P. xylostella, collected from Baiyun, Guangdong Province of China in 2012, was 750-fold more resistant to indoxacarb and 70-fold more resistant to metaflu- mizone compared with the susceptible Roth strain. Comparison of complementary DNA sequences encoding the sodium channel genes of Roth and BY12 revealed two point mu- tations （F1845Y and V1848I） in the sixth segment of domain IV of the PxNav protein in the BY population. Both mutations are located within a highly conserved sequence region that is predicted to be involved in the binding sites of local anesthetics and SCBIs based on mammalian sodium channels. A significant correlation was observed among 10 field-collected populations between the mutant allele （Y 1845 or I 1848） frequencies （1.7% to 52.5%） and resistance levels to both indoxacarb （34- to 870-fold） and metaflumizone （1- to 70-fold）. The two mutations were never found to co-exist in the same allele of PxNav, suggesting that they arose independently. This is the first time that sodium channel muta- tions have been associated with high levels of resistance to SCBIs. F 1845Y and V 1848I are molecular markers for resistance monitoring in the diamondback moth and possibly other insect pest species.
文摘The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E） （the lesser grain borer）, Sitophilus oryzae （L.） （the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst） （the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.） （the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens） （the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. Imidacloprid had no effect on S. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801764)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2019JJ50230)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(18B 105)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652770)the Youth Fund Project of Hunan Agricultural University(17QN34)。
文摘The xenobiotic transcription factor cap‘n’collar isoform C(CncC)is considered the central regulator of antioxidant and detoxification genes.Previous research indicated that CncC regulates three-phase enzymes responsible for insecticide resistance.In this study,the SlituCncC gene from Spodoptera litura was obtained and characterized.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis showed that SlituCncC was expressed in all developmental stages and tissues,but was highly expressed in 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae,and in the Malpighian tubule,fat body,and midgut.In addition,SlituCncC was up-regulated and more highly induced with indoxacarb treatment in the indoxacarb-resistant strains compared with the susceptible strain.RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of SlituCncC significantly increased mortality of S.liura when exposed to in-doxacarb.Furthermore,comparative transcriptome analysis showed that 842 genes were down-regulated and 127 genes were up-regulated in SlituC"ncC knockdown S.litura.Further analysis indicated that 18 three-phase enzymes were identified in the down-regulated genes,of which seven were associated with indoxacarb resistance in S.litura.qPCR analysis confirmed that expression of six of these seven genes was consistent with RNA se-quencing data.All six detoxification genes were induced by indoxacarb,and the expression patterns were similar to that of SlituCncC.Finally,the CneC-Maf binding site was predicted in all six gene promoters.This study indicates that the transcription factor SlituCncC may regulate multiple detoxification genes that mediate indoxacarb resistance in S.litura.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801764)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2019JJ50230)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652770)the Graduate Student Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20200681)the University Student Innovation Training Project of Hunan Province(S202110537050).
文摘Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long.They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species,including insects,and some lncRNAs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance.However,the characteristics and biological func-tions of lncRNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance are unknown in Spodoptera litura.We performed RNA sequencing in the SS,InRS,and FInRS of S.litura and identified 11978 lncRNAs,including 3136 intergenic lncRNAs,7393 intronic lncRNAs,and 1449 anti-sense lncRNAs.Compared with the SS,51 lncRNAs were upregulated and 134 lncRNAs were downregulated in the two resistant strains,and 908 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as the target genes of the 185 differentially expressed lncRNAs.Further analysis showed that 112 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may be associated with in-doxacarb resistance by regulating the expression of 14 P450s,seven CCEs,one GST,six UGTs,five ABC transporters,and 24 cuticle protein genes,and 79 of differentially ex-pressed lncRNAs may regulate the expression of 14 detoxification genes and 19 cuticle protein genes to participate in indoxacarb resistance by sponging 10 microRNAs.Interest-ingly,47 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may mediate indoxacarb resistance through both lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways.Furthermore,quantitative PCR,RNA interference,and indoxacarb bioassay analyses indicated that over-expressed LNC_004867 and LNC_006576 were involved in indoxacarb resistance.This study provides comprehensive information for lncRNAs of S.litura,and presents evidence that lncRNAs havekey roles in conferring insecticide resistance in S.litura.
文摘[目的]探索20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方的研发并进行田间应用效果验证。[方法]利用湿法研磨,完成20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂配方中润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等各组分筛选,确定最终的配方组合,并完成理化性质的检测。通过对配方进行田间效果验证,确定20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂对水稻二化螟的田间防效。[结果]筛选出20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂(SC)配方最佳配比:呋虫胺原药10%,茚虫威原药10%,DS-5393.0%,48942.0%,SP-SC32751.0%,黄原胶0.2%,硅酸镁铝0.4%,乙二醇8.0%,消泡剂AF 0.4%,柠檬酸0.3%,去离子水补足100%。田间试验表明:20%呋虫胺·茚虫威SC对水稻二化螟具有较好的防治效果,在120 g a.i./hm^(2)的用量下,药后7、14 d的防效分别为90.4%和94.2%,显著高于对照药剂。[结论]该配方制得的20%呋虫胺·茚虫威悬浮剂具有优异的物理稳定性,各项指标均符合检测要求,且对水稻二化螟具有优异的防治效果,为呋虫胺和茚虫威复配悬浮剂配方的开发提供参考数据和思路。
文摘草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)是一种杂食性害虫,原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区,于2019年1月在中国云南省首次被发现后,已迅速向广西、贵州、广东及湖南等地蔓延。草地贪夜蛾寄主广泛,常用化学防治药剂为有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类,田间抗性监测数据显示,其对上述3类常用药剂已达中至高等抗性水平。此外,已有研究证明氯菊酯抗性草地贪夜蛾对二嗪类杀虫剂茚虫威无交互抗性;同时已有关于草地贪夜蛾对氟苯虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺田间和室内抗性的报道,表明其对上述2种药剂存在极高的交互抗性风险。草地贪夜蛾的抗药性机理主要涉及表皮穿透性降低、解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降等几方面,其中代谢解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降是导致草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂产生抗性的主要机制。文章综述了草地贪夜蛾对传统杀虫剂和新型作用机制杀虫剂的抗性现状及抗性机理等方面的研究进展,以期对当前中国的草地贪夜蛾田间防治及抗性研究和防控提供参考。
