With the rapid advance of academic activities in the field of phar-macology,antiinflammatory and immunopharmacology has become abranch of pharmacology in our country.Under professor Zhou Jin-huang’s charge and concer...With the rapid advance of academic activities in the field of phar-macology,antiinflammatory and immunopharmacology has become abranch of pharmacology in our country.Under professor Zhou Jin-huang’s charge and concerns,the first national conference of anti-inflammatory and immunopharmacology was held at Huang Shan in1982.In following years,the frist training class for antiinflamma-tory and immunopharmacological studies was conducted in Hefei.展开更多
BACKGROUND Organ transplantation has emerged as a globally prevalent therapeutic modality for end-stage organ failure,yet the post-transplantation trajectory is increasingly complicated by a spectrum of metabolic sequ...BACKGROUND Organ transplantation has emerged as a globally prevalent therapeutic modality for end-stage organ failure,yet the post-transplantation trajectory is increasingly complicated by a spectrum of metabolic sequelae,with obesity emerging as a critical clinical challenge.AIM To systematically review the multifactorial mechanisms underlying obesity following organ transplantation and to integrate evidence from pharmacological,behavioral,and molecular perspectives,thereby providing a foundation for targeted interventions.METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science for literature published from 2020 to 15 July 2025.The search strategy incorporated terms including“obesity”,“overweight”and“post organ transplantation”.Only randomized controlled trials,meta-analyses,and systematic reviews were included.Non-empirical publications and irrelevant studies were excluded.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers,with disagreements resolved by a third researcher.RESULTS A total of 1457 articles were initially identified,of which 146 met the inclusion criteria.These studies encompassed liver,kidney,heart,and lung transplant recipients.Key findings indicate that immunosuppressive drugs-especially corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors-promote hyperphagia,insulin resistance,and dyslipidemia.Post-transplant sedentary behavior and hypercaloric diets further contribute to positive energy balance.At the molecular level,immunosuppressants disrupt adipokine signaling(e.g.,leptin and adiponectin),induce inflammatory and oxidative stress responses,and activate adipogenic pathways leading to lipid accumulation.CONCLUSION Post-transplant obesity arises from a complex interplay of pharmacological,behavioral,and molecular factors.A multidisciplinary approach-incorporating pharmacological modification,nutritional management,physical activity,and molecular-targeted therapies-is essential to mitigate obesity and improve transplant outcomes.Further large-scale and mechanistic studies are warranted to establish evidence-based preventive and treatment strategies.展开更多
Most of the facts regarding measles aerosol vaccination have been quite thoroughly dealt with in the book by S. Plotkin, Mass Vaccination: Global Aspects—Progress and Obstacles (2006 Ed) [1]. However, there are some ...Most of the facts regarding measles aerosol vaccination have been quite thoroughly dealt with in the book by S. Plotkin, Mass Vaccination: Global Aspects—Progress and Obstacles (2006 Ed) [1]. However, there are some aspects mentioned there that should perhaps have been emphasized more strongly and others that have emerged as relevant issues since then. We shall start with the quite important point that in the Sabin et al. [2] first study made in Monterrey, N. L., México [3], antibody reaction for recipients of respiratory-route Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines was not fully developed (100%) until six months after aerosol inhalation. At six weeks, only 90% had increased blood levels of antibody, a fact for which there is no easy explanation, but one which should be considered when dealing with serologic evaluation of measles vaccines given by aerosol in which shortterm results less than encouraging. Results of the second study performed by Sabin et al. in Monterrey [2] establish that the percentage of sero-responses is directly dose-dependent. In turn, the dose itself depends on at least three facts: 1) concentration of virus in the vaccine used;2) kind of nebulizer used;and 3) time of exposure. Another point to be stressed is that the vaccine used in the first trials [1]-[3], as well in the aerosol mass vaccination in México, though originally the Ickic strain attenuated in HDP, was also grown for final harvesting in HDP (MRC-5), whereas current Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines are obtained by final culture in chick embryo fibroblasts that provide 1 log more final product, more beneficial from an economic point of view, but not for adaptation to human tissues. A crucial consideration in aerosol measles mass campaigns is the lack of electricity/ energy supply, particularly in rural communities. To deal with these issues, a rudimentary assembly was utilized to produce the aerosol for mass vaccinations performed during the serious Mexican epidemic of 1990-1991: a tire pump connected to a Clay-Adams nebulizer. As this equipment works only with direct current, a car battery was used to supply sufficient energy to vaccinate thousands of children.展开更多
Background Cryptotanshinone （CT） was originally isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza, an herb that is used extensively in Asian medicine and the extracts of this herb have been used in the treatment ...Background Cryptotanshinone （CT） was originally isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza, an herb that is used extensively in Asian medicine and the extracts of this herb have been used in the treatment of several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, hematological abnormalities, hepatitis, and hyperlipidemia, but no studies had been carried on the treatment for rheumatic diseases with it. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cryptotanshinone on immune functions in rats with adjuvant arthritis （AA）. Methods Complete Freund＇s adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Thymus and spleen was aseptically taken from normal rats and the AA rats. Then a thymus lymphoid cell suspension, splenic lymphoid cell suspension and peritoneal macrophage cell suspension were prepared. After adding CT （0.1 ug/ml, 1.0 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml, 100 ug/ml, 1000 ug/ml） into the suspension, T and B lymphocytes proliferation was determined by 3-（4,5-2 dimethylthiazal-2yl）2,5- diphenyltetrazoliumbromide （MTT） assay. And the activities of interleukin-1 （IL-1） and IL-2 were measured by the mouse lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Thymic T and splenic B lymphocyte proliferation of the AA rat was significantly lower, and could be stored through using CT in vitro. CT （100ug/ml and 1000ug/ml） increased T or B lymphocytes proliferation in vitro （P 〈0.01）. In AA rats, the levels of IL-1 released by abdominal PMφ significantly increased whereas the level of IL-2 released by T cells decreased in vitro. CT （1000 pg/ml） decreased the production of IL-1 and promoted production of IL-2 in vitro （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions CT can ameliorate the abnormal immunological functions in AA rats.展开更多
文摘With the rapid advance of academic activities in the field of phar-macology,antiinflammatory and immunopharmacology has become abranch of pharmacology in our country.Under professor Zhou Jin-huang’s charge and concerns,the first national conference of anti-inflammatory and immunopharmacology was held at Huang Shan in1982.In following years,the frist training class for antiinflamma-tory and immunopharmacological studies was conducted in Hefei.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82305376the Youth Talent Support Project of the China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association,No.2024-2026ZGZJXH-QNRC005+2 种基金the 2024 Jiangsu Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project,No.JSTJ-2024-3802025 Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Think Tank Program Project,No.JSKX0125035and 2025 College Student Innovation Training Program Project,No.X202510315373。
文摘BACKGROUND Organ transplantation has emerged as a globally prevalent therapeutic modality for end-stage organ failure,yet the post-transplantation trajectory is increasingly complicated by a spectrum of metabolic sequelae,with obesity emerging as a critical clinical challenge.AIM To systematically review the multifactorial mechanisms underlying obesity following organ transplantation and to integrate evidence from pharmacological,behavioral,and molecular perspectives,thereby providing a foundation for targeted interventions.METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science for literature published from 2020 to 15 July 2025.The search strategy incorporated terms including“obesity”,“overweight”and“post organ transplantation”.Only randomized controlled trials,meta-analyses,and systematic reviews were included.Non-empirical publications and irrelevant studies were excluded.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers,with disagreements resolved by a third researcher.RESULTS A total of 1457 articles were initially identified,of which 146 met the inclusion criteria.These studies encompassed liver,kidney,heart,and lung transplant recipients.Key findings indicate that immunosuppressive drugs-especially corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors-promote hyperphagia,insulin resistance,and dyslipidemia.Post-transplant sedentary behavior and hypercaloric diets further contribute to positive energy balance.At the molecular level,immunosuppressants disrupt adipokine signaling(e.g.,leptin and adiponectin),induce inflammatory and oxidative stress responses,and activate adipogenic pathways leading to lipid accumulation.CONCLUSION Post-transplant obesity arises from a complex interplay of pharmacological,behavioral,and molecular factors.A multidisciplinary approach-incorporating pharmacological modification,nutritional management,physical activity,and molecular-targeted therapies-is essential to mitigate obesity and improve transplant outcomes.Further large-scale and mechanistic studies are warranted to establish evidence-based preventive and treatment strategies.
文摘Most of the facts regarding measles aerosol vaccination have been quite thoroughly dealt with in the book by S. Plotkin, Mass Vaccination: Global Aspects—Progress and Obstacles (2006 Ed) [1]. However, there are some aspects mentioned there that should perhaps have been emphasized more strongly and others that have emerged as relevant issues since then. We shall start with the quite important point that in the Sabin et al. [2] first study made in Monterrey, N. L., México [3], antibody reaction for recipients of respiratory-route Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines was not fully developed (100%) until six months after aerosol inhalation. At six weeks, only 90% had increased blood levels of antibody, a fact for which there is no easy explanation, but one which should be considered when dealing with serologic evaluation of measles vaccines given by aerosol in which shortterm results less than encouraging. Results of the second study performed by Sabin et al. in Monterrey [2] establish that the percentage of sero-responses is directly dose-dependent. In turn, the dose itself depends on at least three facts: 1) concentration of virus in the vaccine used;2) kind of nebulizer used;and 3) time of exposure. Another point to be stressed is that the vaccine used in the first trials [1]-[3], as well in the aerosol mass vaccination in México, though originally the Ickic strain attenuated in HDP, was also grown for final harvesting in HDP (MRC-5), whereas current Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines are obtained by final culture in chick embryo fibroblasts that provide 1 log more final product, more beneficial from an economic point of view, but not for adaptation to human tissues. A crucial consideration in aerosol measles mass campaigns is the lack of electricity/ energy supply, particularly in rural communities. To deal with these issues, a rudimentary assembly was utilized to produce the aerosol for mass vaccinations performed during the serious Mexican epidemic of 1990-1991: a tire pump connected to a Clay-Adams nebulizer. As this equipment works only with direct current, a car battery was used to supply sufficient energy to vaccinate thousands of children.
文摘Background Cryptotanshinone （CT） was originally isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza, an herb that is used extensively in Asian medicine and the extracts of this herb have been used in the treatment of several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, hematological abnormalities, hepatitis, and hyperlipidemia, but no studies had been carried on the treatment for rheumatic diseases with it. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cryptotanshinone on immune functions in rats with adjuvant arthritis （AA）. Methods Complete Freund＇s adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Thymus and spleen was aseptically taken from normal rats and the AA rats. Then a thymus lymphoid cell suspension, splenic lymphoid cell suspension and peritoneal macrophage cell suspension were prepared. After adding CT （0.1 ug/ml, 1.0 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml, 100 ug/ml, 1000 ug/ml） into the suspension, T and B lymphocytes proliferation was determined by 3-（4,5-2 dimethylthiazal-2yl）2,5- diphenyltetrazoliumbromide （MTT） assay. And the activities of interleukin-1 （IL-1） and IL-2 were measured by the mouse lymphocytes proliferation assay. Results Thymic T and splenic B lymphocyte proliferation of the AA rat was significantly lower, and could be stored through using CT in vitro. CT （100ug/ml and 1000ug/ml） increased T or B lymphocytes proliferation in vitro （P 〈0.01）. In AA rats, the levels of IL-1 released by abdominal PMφ significantly increased whereas the level of IL-2 released by T cells decreased in vitro. CT （1000 pg/ml） decreased the production of IL-1 and promoted production of IL-2 in vitro （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions CT can ameliorate the abnormal immunological functions in AA rats.
