Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the an...Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.展开更多
Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases and degeneration.Thus,clinically effective medicine could delay the process of aging and aging-related diseases are desperately wanted.In traditional Chinese medi...Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases and degeneration.Thus,clinically effective medicine could delay the process of aging and aging-related diseases are desperately wanted.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),some were claimed to slow down aging.Qingyangshen(Cynanchum otophyllum schneid)is such a TCM.Here,we assayed the longevity effect of compound Otophylloside B(Ot B),a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen,in Caenorhabditis elegans,which is a popular model for aging research.Our results showed that Ot B could modestly extend the lifespan of C.elegans,delay the age-related decline of body movement and improve the stress resistance.Further investigating the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension effect revealed that Ot B could activate the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16.Ot B could not further extend the lifespan of long-lived mutant of insulin/IGF-1-like receptor(daf-2).In addition,Ot B also requires SIR-2.1 and CLK-1 which is an enzyme in ubiquinone synthesis,for lifespan extension.展开更多
There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations o...There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-Ⅱ enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.展开更多
The internal electric field(IEF)is key in speeding up the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers,which boosts the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In this study,we present a novel silver iodide/N...The internal electric field(IEF)is key in speeding up the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers,which boosts the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In this study,we present a novel silver iodide/N-rich carbon nitride(AgI/C_(3)N_(5))heterojunction catalyst with an IEF directed from AgI to C_(3)N_(5).We confirmed this IEF using density functional theory(DFT)calculations and various characterization methods.This IEF induces and reinforces the Type II transfer pathway for carrier separation and transfer,significantly increasing the production of ROS,particularly singlet oxygen(1O_(2)).As a result,the AgI/C_(3)N_(5)catalysts achieve 10.1 times the disinfection efficiency of C_(3)N_(5)and 5.6 times that of AgI,under one-min reaction time,107 CFU/mL of E.coli,visible light,and room temperature.It also outperforms most other AgI and carbon nitride-based heterojunction photocatalysts.Notably,the photogenerated holes(h+)selectively oxidize superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(-))to 1O_(2)due to favorable energy alignment,minimizing O_(2)reduction effects and enhancing photocorrosion resistance,as demonstrated in five consecutive cycling experiments.In addition,the actual water disinfection tests confirmed its practical application potential.This work highlights the AgI/C_(3)N_(5)heterojunction catalyst’s promise as an efficient disinfection agent and sheds light on the photocatalytic disinfection mechanism.展开更多
Extreme longevity has evolved multiple times during the evolution of mammals,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely underexplored.Here,we compared the evolution of 115 aging-related genes in 11 long-li...Extreme longevity has evolved multiple times during the evolution of mammals,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely underexplored.Here,we compared the evolution of 115 aging-related genes in 11 long-lived species and 25 mammals with non-increased lifespan(control group)in the hopes of better understanding the common molecular mechanisms behind longevity.We identified 16 unique positively selected genes and 23 rapidly evolving genes in long-lived species,which included nine genes involved in regulating lifespan through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling(IIS)pathway and 11 genes highly enriched in immune-response-related pathways,suggesting that the IIS pathway and immune response play a particularly important role in exceptional mammalian longevity.Interestingly,11 genes related to cancer progression,including four positively selected genes and seven genes with convergent amino acid changes,were shared by two or more long-lived lineages,indicating that long-lived mammals might have evolved convergent or similar mechanisms of cancer resistance that extended their lifespan.This suggestion was further corroborated by our identifi-cation of 12 robust candidates for longevity-related genes closely related to cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the open project of the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,China (GMU-2022-HJZ-06)。
文摘Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.
基金the Yunnan provincial government(20080A007)the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany(P2008-ZZ21 and T2009-KF05)。
文摘Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases and degeneration.Thus,clinically effective medicine could delay the process of aging and aging-related diseases are desperately wanted.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),some were claimed to slow down aging.Qingyangshen(Cynanchum otophyllum schneid)is such a TCM.Here,we assayed the longevity effect of compound Otophylloside B(Ot B),a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen,in Caenorhabditis elegans,which is a popular model for aging research.Our results showed that Ot B could modestly extend the lifespan of C.elegans,delay the age-related decline of body movement and improve the stress resistance.Further investigating the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension effect revealed that Ot B could activate the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16.Ot B could not further extend the lifespan of long-lived mutant of insulin/IGF-1-like receptor(daf-2).In addition,Ot B also requires SIR-2.1 and CLK-1 which is an enzyme in ubiquinone synthesis,for lifespan extension.
文摘There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-Ⅱ enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52300218 and 22476066)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202401CF070197).
文摘The internal electric field(IEF)is key in speeding up the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers,which boosts the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In this study,we present a novel silver iodide/N-rich carbon nitride(AgI/C_(3)N_(5))heterojunction catalyst with an IEF directed from AgI to C_(3)N_(5).We confirmed this IEF using density functional theory(DFT)calculations and various characterization methods.This IEF induces and reinforces the Type II transfer pathway for carrier separation and transfer,significantly increasing the production of ROS,particularly singlet oxygen(1O_(2)).As a result,the AgI/C_(3)N_(5)catalysts achieve 10.1 times the disinfection efficiency of C_(3)N_(5)and 5.6 times that of AgI,under one-min reaction time,107 CFU/mL of E.coli,visible light,and room temperature.It also outperforms most other AgI and carbon nitride-based heterojunction photocatalysts.Notably,the photogenerated holes(h+)selectively oxidize superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(-))to 1O_(2)due to favorable energy alignment,minimizing O_(2)reduction effects and enhancing photocorrosion resistance,as demonstrated in five consecutive cycling experiments.In addition,the actual water disinfection tests confirmed its practical application potential.This work highlights the AgI/C_(3)N_(5)heterojunction catalyst’s promise as an efficient disinfection agent and sheds light on the photocatalytic disinfection mechanism.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant nos.32070409,31772448 to S.X.,31872219 to W.R.)the Key Project of the NSFC(grant nos.32030011,31630071 to G.Y.)+1 种基金National Key Programme of Research and Development of China,Ministry of Science and Technology(grant no.2016YFC0503200 to G.Y.and S.X.)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions to G.Y.and S.X.,and the Qinglan project of Jiangsu Province to S.X.These funding bodies played no role in study design,data collection,analysis,interpretation of data,and writing the manuscript.We are particularly grateful to Dr.Yan-bo Sun(Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan,China)for the suggestion of data analysis.Many thanks are also given to Zepeng Zhang,Simin Chai,Yuan Mu,and Weijian Guo for support and discussions.
文摘Extreme longevity has evolved multiple times during the evolution of mammals,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely underexplored.Here,we compared the evolution of 115 aging-related genes in 11 long-lived species and 25 mammals with non-increased lifespan(control group)in the hopes of better understanding the common molecular mechanisms behind longevity.We identified 16 unique positively selected genes and 23 rapidly evolving genes in long-lived species,which included nine genes involved in regulating lifespan through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling(IIS)pathway and 11 genes highly enriched in immune-response-related pathways,suggesting that the IIS pathway and immune response play a particularly important role in exceptional mammalian longevity.Interestingly,11 genes related to cancer progression,including four positively selected genes and seven genes with convergent amino acid changes,were shared by two or more long-lived lineages,indicating that long-lived mammals might have evolved convergent or similar mechanisms of cancer resistance that extended their lifespan.This suggestion was further corroborated by our identifi-cation of 12 robust candidates for longevity-related genes closely related to cancer.
