The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflict...The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.展开更多
Background:Accurate diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)caused by intrahepatic lithiasis(IHL)is crucial for timely and effective surgical intervention.The aim of the present study was to develop a nomogra...Background:Accurate diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)caused by intrahepatic lithiasis(IHL)is crucial for timely and effective surgical intervention.The aim of the present study was to develop a nomogram to identify ICC associated with IHL(IHL-ICC).Methods:The study included 2,269 patients with IHL,who received pathological diagnosis after hepatectomy or diagnostic biopsy.Machine learning algorithms including Lasso regression and random forest were used to identify important features out of the available features.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to reconfirm the features and develop the nomogram.The nomogram was externally validated in two independent cohorts.Results:The seven potential predictors were revealed for IHL-ICC,including age,abdominal pain,vomiting,comprehensive radiological diagnosis,alkaline phosphatase(ALK),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),and cancer antigen(CA)19-9.The optimal cutoff value was 2.05μg/L for serum CEA and 133.65 U/mL for serum CA 19-9.The accuracy of the nomogram in predicting ICC was 82.6%.The area under the curve(AUC)of nomogram in training cohort was 0.867.The AUC for the validation set was 0.881 from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and 0.938 from The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.Conclusions:The nomogram holds promise as a novel and accurate tool to predict IHL-ICC,which can identify lesions in IHL in time for hepatectomy or avoid unnecessary surgical resection.展开更多
3D audio effects can provide immersive auditory experience, but we often face the so-called in-head localization （IHL） problem in headphone sound reproduction. To ad- dress this problem, we propose an effective soun...3D audio effects can provide immersive auditory experience, but we often face the so-called in-head localization （IHL） problem in headphone sound reproduction. To ad- dress this problem, we propose an effective sound image externalization approach. Specifically, we consider several important factors related to sound propagation, which include image-source model based early reflections with distance decay, wall absorption and air absorption, late reverberation and other dynamic factors like head movement. We apply our sound image externalization approach to a headphone based real-time 3D audio system. Subjective listening tests show that the sound image externalization performance is significantly improved and the sound source direction is preserved as well. A/B preference test further shows that, as compared with a recent popular approach, the proposed approach is mostly preferred by the listeners.展开更多
文摘The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.
文摘Background:Accurate diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)caused by intrahepatic lithiasis(IHL)is crucial for timely and effective surgical intervention.The aim of the present study was to develop a nomogram to identify ICC associated with IHL(IHL-ICC).Methods:The study included 2,269 patients with IHL,who received pathological diagnosis after hepatectomy or diagnostic biopsy.Machine learning algorithms including Lasso regression and random forest were used to identify important features out of the available features.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to reconfirm the features and develop the nomogram.The nomogram was externally validated in two independent cohorts.Results:The seven potential predictors were revealed for IHL-ICC,including age,abdominal pain,vomiting,comprehensive radiological diagnosis,alkaline phosphatase(ALK),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),and cancer antigen(CA)19-9.The optimal cutoff value was 2.05μg/L for serum CEA and 133.65 U/mL for serum CA 19-9.The accuracy of the nomogram in predicting ICC was 82.6%.The area under the curve(AUC)of nomogram in training cohort was 0.867.The AUC for the validation set was 0.881 from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and 0.938 from The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.Conclusions:The nomogram holds promise as a novel and accurate tool to predict IHL-ICC,which can identify lesions in IHL in time for hepatectomy or avoid unnecessary surgical resection.
文摘3D audio effects can provide immersive auditory experience, but we often face the so-called in-head localization （IHL） problem in headphone sound reproduction. To ad- dress this problem, we propose an effective sound image externalization approach. Specifically, we consider several important factors related to sound propagation, which include image-source model based early reflections with distance decay, wall absorption and air absorption, late reverberation and other dynamic factors like head movement. We apply our sound image externalization approach to a headphone based real-time 3D audio system. Subjective listening tests show that the sound image externalization performance is significantly improved and the sound source direction is preserved as well. A/B preference test further shows that, as compared with a recent popular approach, the proposed approach is mostly preferred by the listeners.
