Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurr...Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurrence in this kind of area is an important topic.For this purpose,628 moderate-large(5.5≤MS≤8.2)earthquakes occurred in Persia during the period from 400 B.C.to 2015 C.E.were used.Considering the magnitudes of events preceding main shocks and the annual seismic moment release in seismic source areas in the provinces,we calibrated equations predicting inter-event time of occurrence of moderate and large earthquakes(MW>5.5)in Iran.In each source area,inter-event times between moderate and large shocks with magnitudes equal to or larger than a certain cut-off magnitude(MW5.5)were calculated.The inter-event times between the earthquakes were used to compute the relationships using multiple regression technique.Calculated relationships express the basic idea of the time predictable model predicting the occurrence time of the future main shock in a certain seismogen area.However,despite of unavoidable scatter in observations and uncertainties in the results,occurrence times of main shocks during the next years and decades in some source areas in Iran were determined.展开更多
This paper investigates the consensus control of multi-agent systems(MASs) with constrained input using the dynamic event-triggered mechanism(ETM).Consider the MASs with small-scale networks where a centralized dynami...This paper investigates the consensus control of multi-agent systems(MASs) with constrained input using the dynamic event-triggered mechanism(ETM).Consider the MASs with small-scale networks where a centralized dynamic ETM with global information of the MASs is first designed.Then,a distributed dynamic ETM which only uses local information is developed for the MASs with large-scale networks.It is shown that the semi-global consensus of the MASs can be achieved by the designed bounded control protocol where the Zeno phenomenon is eliminated by a designable minimum inter-event time.In addition,it is easier to find a trade-off between the convergence rate and the minimum inter-event time by an adjustable parameter.Furthermore,the results are extended to regional consensus of the MASs with the bounded control protocol.Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water re...Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.展开更多
Characteristic slip and characteristic earthquake models have been proposed for several decades.Such models have been supported recently by high-resolution offset measurements.These models suggest that slip along a fa...Characteristic slip and characteristic earthquake models have been proposed for several decades.Such models have been supported recently by high-resolution offset measurements.These models suggest that slip along a fault recurs via similarly sized,large earthquakes.The inter-event strain accumulation rate(ratio of earthquake slip and preceding interseismic time period)is used here to test the characteristic earthquake model by linking the slip and timing of past earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault.We address how the inter-event strain accumulation rate varies over multiple seismic cycles by combining paleoearthquake studies with high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging(Li DAR)data to document the timing and size of paleoearthquake displacements along the western and middle segments of the Haiyuan Fault.Our observations encompass 5 earthquake cycles.We find significant variations over time and space along the Haiyuan Fault.We observe that on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault the rates slow down or increase as an anticorrelated function of the rates of preceding earthquakes.Here,we propose that the inter-event strain accumulation rates on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault are oscillating both spatially and temporally.However,along the western segment,the inter-event strain accumulation rate is both spatially and temporally steady,which is in agreement with quasi-periodic and slip-predictable models.Finally,we propose that different fault segments within a single fault zone may behave according to different earthquake models.展开更多
Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammaso...Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms.In this study,a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Z-IETD-FMK(0.5,1,2 mg/kg;an inhibitor of caspase-8)was delivered via intravenous(tail vein)injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage.After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage,western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Z-IETDFMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Furthermore,inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3,caspase-1,and interleukin-1βafter subarachnoid hemorrhage.In conclusion,our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,China(approval No.2016-193)on February 25,2016.展开更多
The detailed analysis of individual rain events characteristics is an essential step for improving our understanding of variation in precipitation over different topographies. In this study, the homogeneity among rain...The detailed analysis of individual rain events characteristics is an essential step for improving our understanding of variation in precipitation over different topographies. In this study, the homogeneity among rain gauges was investigated using the concept of “rain event properties,” linking them to the main atmospheric system that affects the rainfall in the region. For this, eight properties of more than 23,000 rain events recorded at 47 meteorological stations in Mumbai, India, were analyzed utilizing seasonal (June-September) rainfall records over 2006-2016. The high similarities among the properties indicated the similarities among the rain gauges. Furthermore, similar rain gauges were distinguished, investigated and characterized by cluster analysis using self-organizing maps (SOM). The cluster analysis results show six clusters of similarly behaving rain gauges, where each cluster addresses one isolated class of variables for the rain gauge. Additionally, the clusters confirm the spatial variation of rainfall caused by the complex topography of Mumbai, comprising the flatland near the Arabian Sea, high-rise buildings (urban area) and mountain and hills areas (Sanjay Gandhi National Park located in the northern part of Mumbai).展开更多
文摘Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurrence in this kind of area is an important topic.For this purpose,628 moderate-large(5.5≤MS≤8.2)earthquakes occurred in Persia during the period from 400 B.C.to 2015 C.E.were used.Considering the magnitudes of events preceding main shocks and the annual seismic moment release in seismic source areas in the provinces,we calibrated equations predicting inter-event time of occurrence of moderate and large earthquakes(MW>5.5)in Iran.In each source area,inter-event times between moderate and large shocks with magnitudes equal to or larger than a certain cut-off magnitude(MW5.5)were calculated.The inter-event times between the earthquakes were used to compute the relationships using multiple regression technique.Calculated relationships express the basic idea of the time predictable model predicting the occurrence time of the future main shock in a certain seismogen area.However,despite of unavoidable scatter in observations and uncertainties in the results,occurrence times of main shocks during the next years and decades in some source areas in Iran were determined.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51939001,61976033,62273072)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC0903)。
文摘This paper investigates the consensus control of multi-agent systems(MASs) with constrained input using the dynamic event-triggered mechanism(ETM).Consider the MASs with small-scale networks where a centralized dynamic ETM with global information of the MASs is first designed.Then,a distributed dynamic ETM which only uses local information is developed for the MASs with large-scale networks.It is shown that the semi-global consensus of the MASs can be achieved by the designed bounded control protocol where the Zeno phenomenon is eliminated by a designable minimum inter-event time.In addition,it is easier to find a trade-off between the convergence rate and the minimum inter-event time by an adjustable parameter.Furthermore,the results are extended to regional consensus of the MASs with the bounded control protocol.Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206605,No.2021YFC3201102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971035。
文摘Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.
基金supported by the NSFC(41472201,41304073,41661134011,and 41761144071)the Stake Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics(SKLED,LED2014A03)
文摘Characteristic slip and characteristic earthquake models have been proposed for several decades.Such models have been supported recently by high-resolution offset measurements.These models suggest that slip along a fault recurs via similarly sized,large earthquakes.The inter-event strain accumulation rate(ratio of earthquake slip and preceding interseismic time period)is used here to test the characteristic earthquake model by linking the slip and timing of past earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault.We address how the inter-event strain accumulation rate varies over multiple seismic cycles by combining paleoearthquake studies with high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging(Li DAR)data to document the timing and size of paleoearthquake displacements along the western and middle segments of the Haiyuan Fault.Our observations encompass 5 earthquake cycles.We find significant variations over time and space along the Haiyuan Fault.We observe that on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault the rates slow down or increase as an anticorrelated function of the rates of preceding earthquakes.Here,we propose that the inter-event strain accumulation rates on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault are oscillating both spatially and temporally.However,along the western segment,the inter-event strain accumulation rate is both spatially and temporally steady,which is in agreement with quasi-periodic and slip-predictable models.Finally,we propose that different fault segments within a single fault zone may behave according to different earthquake models.
基金supported by Clinical Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Medical Association of China,No.2018ZYC-A09(to HL)
文摘Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms.In this study,a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Z-IETD-FMK(0.5,1,2 mg/kg;an inhibitor of caspase-8)was delivered via intravenous(tail vein)injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage.After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage,western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Z-IETDFMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Furthermore,inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3,caspase-1,and interleukin-1βafter subarachnoid hemorrhage.In conclusion,our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,China(approval No.2016-193)on February 25,2016.
文摘The detailed analysis of individual rain events characteristics is an essential step for improving our understanding of variation in precipitation over different topographies. In this study, the homogeneity among rain gauges was investigated using the concept of “rain event properties,” linking them to the main atmospheric system that affects the rainfall in the region. For this, eight properties of more than 23,000 rain events recorded at 47 meteorological stations in Mumbai, India, were analyzed utilizing seasonal (June-September) rainfall records over 2006-2016. The high similarities among the properties indicated the similarities among the rain gauges. Furthermore, similar rain gauges were distinguished, investigated and characterized by cluster analysis using self-organizing maps (SOM). The cluster analysis results show six clusters of similarly behaving rain gauges, where each cluster addresses one isolated class of variables for the rain gauge. Additionally, the clusters confirm the spatial variation of rainfall caused by the complex topography of Mumbai, comprising the flatland near the Arabian Sea, high-rise buildings (urban area) and mountain and hills areas (Sanjay Gandhi National Park located in the northern part of Mumbai).
