The flow ideality of bubbly microflow remains unclear even though it is vital for the design of microreactors,especially the ideality of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes.This w...The flow ideality of bubbly microflow remains unclear even though it is vital for the design of microreactors,especially the ideality of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes.This work is the first time to report the ideality analysis of the microbubble swarm in a relatively large microchannel.The bubble swarm microflow has undergone two conditions:quasihomogeneous plug flow and liquid phase/gas-liquid qua si-homogeneous phase two-phase laminar flow.Both the deviations of void fraction and bubble velocity from the ideal plug flow can divide into two parts,and the two transition points simultaneously happen at the velocity ratio of 1.25.There exists a critical capillary number to maintain the quasi-homogeneous plug flow,which could be regarded as the general laws for the design of gas-liquid microreactors.Finally,a novel model is developed to predict the bubble velocity.This work could be very helpful for the large-scale gas-liquid microreactors design.展开更多
Standing-wave supermode microresonators that are created through the strong coupling between counter-propagating modes have emerged as versatile platforms for sensing and nonlinear optics.For example,these microresona...Standing-wave supermode microresonators that are created through the strong coupling between counter-propagating modes have emerged as versatile platforms for sensing and nonlinear optics.For example,these microresonators have shown potential in nanoparticle sizing and counting,as well as enhancing the single-photon optomechanical coupling rate of stimulated Brillouin scattering.However,it has been observed that the relation between the mode linewidth and on-resonance transmission of the split supermodes differs obviously from that of the non-split modes.This behavior is typically quantified by the coupling ideality(I),which remains inadequately explored for the standing-wave supermodes.In this study,we theoretically and experimentally investigate the coupling ideality of standing-wave supermodes in a commonly employed configuration involving a Si O2microresonator side-coupled to a tapered fiber.Our findings demonstrate that,even with a single-mode tapered fiber,the coupling ideality of the standing-wave supermodes is limited to 0.5,due to the strong backscattering-induced energy loss into the counter-propagating direction,resulting in an additional equivalent parasitic loss.While achieving a coupling ideality of 0.5 presents challenges for reaching over-coupled regimes,it offers a convenient approach for adjusting the total linewidth of the modes while maintaining critically-coupled conditions.展开更多
为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order pr...为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。展开更多
Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertic...Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is the whole ring R are known as co-maximal ideal graphs.In this paper,we introduce a new kind of graph structure on R,called co-minimal ideal graph,according to the second case:Its vertices are the nonzero ideals of R and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their intersection is zero.Some important graph parameters(including girth,diameter,clique number and chromatic number)and graph structures(including tree and bipartite graph)of co-minimal ideal graphs over finite commutative rings are studied.In particular,we show that the co-maximal ideal graph and the co-minimal ideal graph over R are isomorphic if and only if the number of maximal ideals of R and the number of minimal ideals of R coincide.展开更多
There are two opposing tendencies in the history of Westem philosophy： one is the Platonic- Hegelian tradition that mixes actuality and ideality, the other is the Aristotelian-Kantian tradition that differentiates th...There are two opposing tendencies in the history of Westem philosophy： one is the Platonic- Hegelian tradition that mixes actuality and ideality, the other is the Aristotelian-Kantian tradition that differentiates the two. Marx distanced himself from the former by his critiques of Hegelism, but the later generations have in a sense turned back to it in their interpretation of Marxist theory. Despite its significance, this reversal is fundamentally inconsistent with Marxist philosophy, and will frequently have unfortunate results in practice. Therefore it is of great necessity to clarify the theoretical distinction between Marxism and Hegelism on this issue.展开更多
Small high-quality Au/P-Si Schottky barrier diodes（SBDs） with an extremely low reverse leakage current using wet lithography were produced.Their effective barrier heights（BHs） and ideality factors from current-vol...Small high-quality Au/P-Si Schottky barrier diodes（SBDs） with an extremely low reverse leakage current using wet lithography were produced.Their effective barrier heights（BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （Ⅰ-Ⅴ） characteristics were measured by a conducting probe atomic force microscope（C-AFM）.In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there was a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters.By extrapolating the plots the built in potential of the Au /p-Si contact was obtained as V_（bi）=0.5425 V and the barrier height valueΦ_（b（c-V）） was calculated to beΦ_（B（C-V））=0.7145 V for Au/p-Si.It is found that for the diodes with diameters smaller than 100μm,the diode barrier height and ideality factor dependency to their diameters and correlation between the diode barrier height and its ideality factor are nonlinear,where similar to the earlier reported different metal semiconductor diodes in the literature,these parameters for the here manufactured diodes with diameters more than 100μm are also linear.Based on the very obvious sub-nanometer C-AFM produced pictures the scientific evidence behind this controversy is also explained.展开更多
This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along wit...This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along with an exploration of their properties.Moreover,we investigate the structure of triangle bounded L⁃algebra with a special condition.Secondly,we define the concept of triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra and explore the connection between the triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra L and the ideals of bounded L⁃algebra E(L).In addition,we classified and studied various classes of triangle ideals,including Stonean triangle ideals,extended Stonean triangle ideals,and lattice ideals,and by introducing the notion of Stonean triangle bounded L algebras,we examine the relationship between Stonean triangle bounded L⁃algebras and Stonean triangle ideals.Finally,we investigate the interrelationships among these various types of triangle ideals.展开更多
We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-im...We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-imate Riemann solver,we identify its dissipative terms,and in these terms,we use slope-limited linear reconstruction.All gradients needed for our method are calculated with linearly reproducing kernels that are constructed to enforce the two lowest-order consistency relations.We scrutinize our reproducing kernel implementation carefully on a“glass-like”particle distribution,and we find that constant and linear functions are recovered to machine precision.We probe our method in a series of challenging 3D benchmark problems ranging from shocks over instabilities to Schulz-Rinne-type vorticity-creating shocks.All of our simulations show excellent agreement with analytic/reference solutions.展开更多
Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,m...Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,methylammonium acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid has been developed as an alternative to fabricate ideal bandgap MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)(1.36 eV)film via hot-casting in air.However,the spontaneous crystallization of Pb-Sn perovskite initiated by heat-induced supersaturation is fast and random,setting critical challenges in regulating crystal growth during the film-forming process.Herein,a lattice activation strategy is developed to control the crystallization dynamics of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)in MAAc to produce films with micrometer-sized grains in air.FA is shown to activate the crystal lattice that facilitates the formation of intermediates and balances the crystal growth of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3),producing films with a grain size of 2.78±0.17μm.Furthermore,4-fluoro-phenethylammonium and phenethylammonium are adopted to passivate the defects in the film and promote the energy level alignment at the top interface,respectively.The optimized PSC device achieved an efficiency of 18.24%with a short-circuit current of 29.84 mA/cm^(2),which are both the highest values in 1.36 eV Pb-Sn PSCs to date.Notably,the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and air stability under various conditions.展开更多
Mechanical stability is critically essential in the design of thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the failure mechanisms at ...Mechanical stability is critically essential in the design of thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the failure mechanisms at the CoSb_(3)/Ni interface.Our findings reveal that the CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 configurations are favorable interface structures.The ideal tensile strength of the CoSb_(3)/Ni interface is markedly lower than that of bulk CoSb_(3),which can be attributed to structural rearrangements near the interface that weaken the strength of the Co–Sb bonds.Interface failure occurs in CoSb_(3),where covalent Sb–Sb bonds exhibit a tendency to soften prior to the ionic Co–Sb bonds due to their comparatively lower rigidity.Consequently,the breakage of the Co–Sb bonds leads to interface failure.Structural failure at both single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 interfaces results from ruptures in intermediate Co–Sb bonds in CoSb_(3),whereas failures at double-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and double-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 interfaces stem from fractures in the uppermost Co–Sb bonds.This behavior is primarily driven by atomic rearrangements near the single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)interface,which promote bond formation between Sb–Ni and Co–Ni,thereby enhancing stability within the superstructure of CoSb_(3).This study will provide a theoretical basis for the interface design of thermoelectric devices.展开更多
Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze ho...Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze how these environments shape psychological well-being in athletes,drawing on Freud’s group psychology theory,while integrating perspectives from the Self-DeterminationTheory(SDT)and Social Identity Theory(SIT).Methods:We applied a qualitative case-study approach,with data collected through in-depth interviews with eight retired elite table tennis players from South Korea.These athletes shared their experiences with psychological mechanisms in their teams and how those mechanisms impacted their mental health throughout their careers.We analyzed the collected data using thematic analysis.Results:The investigated psychological mechanisms significantly influenced the ego development and psychological well-being in athletes.In hierarchical and authoritarian environments,identification and ego idealization suppressed the autonomy of the athletes.Hierarchical order and obedience to authority figures exert significant pressure on athletes to conform,impeding the development of an independent ego.Furthermore,group pressure exacerbates ego erosion and psychological stress,while corporal punishment reinforces psychological pressure and hinders ego integrity.The integration of the SDT highlights the need for autonomy-supportive environments to mitigate such risks,while the SIT emphasizes balancing individual identity with group cohesion to address identity conflicts and psychological tension.Conclusion:Hierarchical structures and authoritarian dynamics in South Korean elite sports teams critically suppress autonomy in athletes,leading to psychological distress and identity conflicts.This study highlights the urgent need for systemic interventions to reform coaching practices and foster autonomysupportive environments.These results contribute to the global discourse on the mental health of athletes in elite sports and offer actionable strategies for improving long-term well-being.Finally,this study provides practical recommendations adaptable to diverse cultural and sporting contexts,enhancing athlete mental health worldwide.展开更多
Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantl...Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantly mediate learners’L2 motivation.Hence,the current study adopted Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System(L2MSS)as a theoretical framework and investigated in which specific aspects peers might affect the learners’L2 motivation and whether such effect was long-lasting.The research was designed as a small-scale qualitative study which was located in a language-focused experimental class project in China.Ten participants were recruited and individual interviews were conducted.The results demonstrated that,first,peers could remarkably influence the L2 motivation possessed by the students in the experimental class since they tended to create a clearer ideal L2 self and a more powerful ought-to L2 self.Second,although they had both positive and negative views towards the curriculum,a motivated peer climate could alleviate the pressure caused by the curriculum and reinforce positive attitudes.Third,such peer effect was not long-lasting.Based on the research results,pedagogical implications were proposed in terms of establishing a positive peer group and adjusting the emphasis of the curriculum.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic dru...Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic drugs with minimal side effects[1].Recently,natural medicine has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficacy and limited side effects.Icariin,a naturally occurring flavonoid,exhibits excellent potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease[2].However,its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility,low bioavailability,and high clearance rates.Here,an aqueous formulation of icariin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD)supramolecular inclusion complex was obtained to optimize icariin properties.Furthermore,icariin cyclodextrin supramolecular inclusion complex based thermosensitive(icariin gels)was innovated.At lower temperatures,it remained in a liquid phase with high fluidity.Upon reaching the gelation temperature,it underwent a transition to a gel phase with significantly reduced fluidity,which may be suitable for the design of an intranasal delivery system for PD treatment.The innovative approach capitalizes on the exceptional characteristics of HP-β-CD,which was utilized to synergize with nasal delivery for targeted brain delivery and with icariin for PD treatment[3,4].展开更多
Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specificall...Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.展开更多
Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of...Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.展开更多
Urban-rural integration is an advanced form resulting from the future evolution of urban-rural relationships.Nevertheless,little research has explored whether urban and rural areas can move from dual segmentation to i...Urban-rural integration is an advanced form resulting from the future evolution of urban-rural relationships.Nevertheless,little research has explored whether urban and rural areas can move from dual segmentation to integrated development from a theoretical or empirical perspective.Based on the research framework of welfare economics,which offers an appealing paradigm to frame the underlying game between cities and villages,this study clarifies the ideal state of urban-rural integration.It then proposes a series of basic assumptions,and constructs a corresponding objective function and its constraints.Moreover,it assesses the possibility of seeing the transmutation from division to integration between urban and rural areas with continuous socio-economic development.The authors argue that the ideal state of urban-rural integration should be a Pareto-driven optimal allocation of urban-rural resources and outputs,and the maximization of social welfare in the entire region.Based on a systematic demonstration using mathematical models,the study proposes that urban and rural areas can enter this ideal integrated development pattern when certain parameter conditions are met.In general,this study demonstrates the theoretical logic and scientific foundations of urban-rural integration,enriches theoretical studies about urban-rural relationships,and provides basic theoretical support for large developing countries to build a coordinated and orderly urban-rural community with a shared future.展开更多
We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first e...We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.展开更多
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991104)。
文摘The flow ideality of bubbly microflow remains unclear even though it is vital for the design of microreactors,especially the ideality of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes.This work is the first time to report the ideality analysis of the microbubble swarm in a relatively large microchannel.The bubble swarm microflow has undergone two conditions:quasihomogeneous plug flow and liquid phase/gas-liquid qua si-homogeneous phase two-phase laminar flow.Both the deviations of void fraction and bubble velocity from the ideal plug flow can divide into two parts,and the two transition points simultaneously happen at the velocity ratio of 1.25.There exists a critical capillary number to maintain the quasi-homogeneous plug flow,which could be regarded as the general laws for the design of gas-liquid microreactors.Finally,a novel model is developed to predict the bubble velocity.This work could be very helpful for the large-scale gas-liquid microreactors design.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1400700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222515,12174438,11934019,91950118)+1 种基金Basic Frontier Science Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LYJSC003)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-100)。
文摘Standing-wave supermode microresonators that are created through the strong coupling between counter-propagating modes have emerged as versatile platforms for sensing and nonlinear optics.For example,these microresonators have shown potential in nanoparticle sizing and counting,as well as enhancing the single-photon optomechanical coupling rate of stimulated Brillouin scattering.However,it has been observed that the relation between the mode linewidth and on-resonance transmission of the split supermodes differs obviously from that of the non-split modes.This behavior is typically quantified by the coupling ideality(I),which remains inadequately explored for the standing-wave supermodes.In this study,we theoretically and experimentally investigate the coupling ideality of standing-wave supermodes in a commonly employed configuration involving a Si O2microresonator side-coupled to a tapered fiber.Our findings demonstrate that,even with a single-mode tapered fiber,the coupling ideality of the standing-wave supermodes is limited to 0.5,due to the strong backscattering-induced energy loss into the counter-propagating direction,resulting in an additional equivalent parasitic loss.While achieving a coupling ideality of 0.5 presents challenges for reaching over-coupled regimes,it offers a convenient approach for adjusting the total linewidth of the modes while maintaining critically-coupled conditions.
文摘为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。
基金partially supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis&Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.Chinathe Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Suqian City in 2023(No.Z2023130)partially supported by NSFC(No.12271234)。
文摘Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is the whole ring R are known as co-maximal ideal graphs.In this paper,we introduce a new kind of graph structure on R,called co-minimal ideal graph,according to the second case:Its vertices are the nonzero ideals of R and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their intersection is zero.Some important graph parameters(including girth,diameter,clique number and chromatic number)and graph structures(including tree and bipartite graph)of co-minimal ideal graphs over finite commutative rings are studied.In particular,we show that the co-maximal ideal graph and the co-minimal ideal graph over R are isomorphic if and only if the number of maximal ideals of R and the number of minimal ideals of R coincide.
文摘There are two opposing tendencies in the history of Westem philosophy： one is the Platonic- Hegelian tradition that mixes actuality and ideality, the other is the Aristotelian-Kantian tradition that differentiates the two. Marx distanced himself from the former by his critiques of Hegelism, but the later generations have in a sense turned back to it in their interpretation of Marxist theory. Despite its significance, this reversal is fundamentally inconsistent with Marxist philosophy, and will frequently have unfortunate results in practice. Therefore it is of great necessity to clarify the theoretical distinction between Marxism and Hegelism on this issue.
文摘Small high-quality Au/P-Si Schottky barrier diodes（SBDs） with an extremely low reverse leakage current using wet lithography were produced.Their effective barrier heights（BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （Ⅰ-Ⅴ） characteristics were measured by a conducting probe atomic force microscope（C-AFM）.In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there was a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters.By extrapolating the plots the built in potential of the Au /p-Si contact was obtained as V_（bi）=0.5425 V and the barrier height valueΦ_（b（c-V）） was calculated to beΦ_（B（C-V））=0.7145 V for Au/p-Si.It is found that for the diodes with diameters smaller than 100μm,the diode barrier height and ideality factor dependency to their diameters and correlation between the diode barrier height and its ideality factor are nonlinear,where similar to the earlier reported different metal semiconductor diodes in the literature,these parameters for the here manufactured diodes with diameters more than 100μm are also linear.Based on the very obvious sub-nanometer C-AFM produced pictures the scientific evidence behind this controversy is also explained.
基金Sponsored by Foreign Expert Program of China(Grant No.DL2023041002L)Yulin City Industry University Research Project(Grant No.CXY-2022-59).
文摘This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along with an exploration of their properties.Moreover,we investigate the structure of triangle bounded L⁃algebra with a special condition.Secondly,we define the concept of triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra and explore the connection between the triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra L and the ideals of bounded L⁃algebra E(L).In addition,we classified and studied various classes of triangle ideals,including Stonean triangle ideals,extended Stonean triangle ideals,and lattice ideals,and by introducing the notion of Stonean triangle bounded L algebras,we examine the relationship between Stonean triangle bounded L⁃algebras and Stonean triangle ideals.Finally,we investigate the interrelationships among these various types of triangle ideals.
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(VR)under grant number 2020-05044by the research environment grant"Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Astrophysical Transients"(GREAT)funded by the Swedish Research Council(VR)under Dnr 2016-06012+2 种基金by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation under grant Dnr.KAW 2019.0112by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121"Quantum Universe"-390833306by the European Research Council(ERC)Advanced Grant INSPIRATION under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(Grant agreement No.101053985).
文摘We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-imate Riemann solver,we identify its dissipative terms,and in these terms,we use slope-limited linear reconstruction.All gradients needed for our method are calculated with linearly reproducing kernels that are constructed to enforce the two lowest-order consistency relations.We scrutinize our reproducing kernel implementation carefully on a“glass-like”particle distribution,and we find that constant and linear functions are recovered to machine precision.We probe our method in a series of challenging 3D benchmark problems ranging from shocks over instabilities to Schulz-Rinne-type vorticity-creating shocks.All of our simulations show excellent agreement with analytic/reference solutions.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(52372226,52202300,62288102,62350013,52303325)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3608900)+5 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program ofthe China postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(Grant GZC20233506)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant2024M764252)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(2023NSCQ-MSX0097)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010918)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant JCYJ20240813150819026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,methylammonium acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid has been developed as an alternative to fabricate ideal bandgap MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)(1.36 eV)film via hot-casting in air.However,the spontaneous crystallization of Pb-Sn perovskite initiated by heat-induced supersaturation is fast and random,setting critical challenges in regulating crystal growth during the film-forming process.Herein,a lattice activation strategy is developed to control the crystallization dynamics of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)in MAAc to produce films with micrometer-sized grains in air.FA is shown to activate the crystal lattice that facilitates the formation of intermediates and balances the crystal growth of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3),producing films with a grain size of 2.78±0.17μm.Furthermore,4-fluoro-phenethylammonium and phenethylammonium are adopted to passivate the defects in the film and promote the energy level alignment at the top interface,respectively.The optimized PSC device achieved an efficiency of 18.24%with a short-circuit current of 29.84 mA/cm^(2),which are both the highest values in 1.36 eV Pb-Sn PSCs to date.Notably,the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and air stability under various conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92163212,92163215,and 92163119)support by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation,under No.02.A03.21.0011by the Supercomputer Simulation Laboratory of South Ural State University.
文摘Mechanical stability is critically essential in the design of thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the failure mechanisms at the CoSb_(3)/Ni interface.Our findings reveal that the CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 configurations are favorable interface structures.The ideal tensile strength of the CoSb_(3)/Ni interface is markedly lower than that of bulk CoSb_(3),which can be attributed to structural rearrangements near the interface that weaken the strength of the Co–Sb bonds.Interface failure occurs in CoSb_(3),where covalent Sb–Sb bonds exhibit a tendency to soften prior to the ionic Co–Sb bonds due to their comparatively lower rigidity.Consequently,the breakage of the Co–Sb bonds leads to interface failure.Structural failure at both single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 interfaces results from ruptures in intermediate Co–Sb bonds in CoSb_(3),whereas failures at double-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(100)and double-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)(100)/Ni(111)_1 interfaces stem from fractures in the uppermost Co–Sb bonds.This behavior is primarily driven by atomic rearrangements near the single-layer Sb_CoSb_(3)interface,which promote bond formation between Sb–Ni and Co–Ni,thereby enhancing stability within the superstructure of CoSb_(3).This study will provide a theoretical basis for the interface design of thermoelectric devices.
文摘Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze how these environments shape psychological well-being in athletes,drawing on Freud’s group psychology theory,while integrating perspectives from the Self-DeterminationTheory(SDT)and Social Identity Theory(SIT).Methods:We applied a qualitative case-study approach,with data collected through in-depth interviews with eight retired elite table tennis players from South Korea.These athletes shared their experiences with psychological mechanisms in their teams and how those mechanisms impacted their mental health throughout their careers.We analyzed the collected data using thematic analysis.Results:The investigated psychological mechanisms significantly influenced the ego development and psychological well-being in athletes.In hierarchical and authoritarian environments,identification and ego idealization suppressed the autonomy of the athletes.Hierarchical order and obedience to authority figures exert significant pressure on athletes to conform,impeding the development of an independent ego.Furthermore,group pressure exacerbates ego erosion and psychological stress,while corporal punishment reinforces psychological pressure and hinders ego integrity.The integration of the SDT highlights the need for autonomy-supportive environments to mitigate such risks,while the SIT emphasizes balancing individual identity with group cohesion to address identity conflicts and psychological tension.Conclusion:Hierarchical structures and authoritarian dynamics in South Korean elite sports teams critically suppress autonomy in athletes,leading to psychological distress and identity conflicts.This study highlights the urgent need for systemic interventions to reform coaching practices and foster autonomysupportive environments.These results contribute to the global discourse on the mental health of athletes in elite sports and offer actionable strategies for improving long-term well-being.Finally,this study provides practical recommendations adaptable to diverse cultural and sporting contexts,enhancing athlete mental health worldwide.
文摘Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantly mediate learners’L2 motivation.Hence,the current study adopted Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System(L2MSS)as a theoretical framework and investigated in which specific aspects peers might affect the learners’L2 motivation and whether such effect was long-lasting.The research was designed as a small-scale qualitative study which was located in a language-focused experimental class project in China.Ten participants were recruited and individual interviews were conducted.The results demonstrated that,first,peers could remarkably influence the L2 motivation possessed by the students in the experimental class since they tended to create a clearer ideal L2 self and a more powerful ought-to L2 self.Second,although they had both positive and negative views towards the curriculum,a motivated peer climate could alleviate the pressure caused by the curriculum and reinforce positive attitudes.Third,such peer effect was not long-lasting.Based on the research results,pedagogical implications were proposed in terms of establishing a positive peer group and adjusting the emphasis of the curriculum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82104399)the Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:22HHZYSS00001).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic drugs with minimal side effects[1].Recently,natural medicine has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficacy and limited side effects.Icariin,a naturally occurring flavonoid,exhibits excellent potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease[2].However,its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility,low bioavailability,and high clearance rates.Here,an aqueous formulation of icariin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD)supramolecular inclusion complex was obtained to optimize icariin properties.Furthermore,icariin cyclodextrin supramolecular inclusion complex based thermosensitive(icariin gels)was innovated.At lower temperatures,it remained in a liquid phase with high fluidity.Upon reaching the gelation temperature,it underwent a transition to a gel phase with significantly reduced fluidity,which may be suitable for the design of an intranasal delivery system for PD treatment.The innovative approach capitalizes on the exceptional characteristics of HP-β-CD,which was utilized to synergize with nasal delivery for targeted brain delivery and with icariin for PD treatment[3,4].
文摘Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41730960)Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents (2024r037)Yuqing WANG was supported by the NSF (Grant No. AGS-1834300)。
文摘Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.
基金The Philosophy and Social Science Research Major Project of Jiangsu University,No.2023SJZD056National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901205。
文摘Urban-rural integration is an advanced form resulting from the future evolution of urban-rural relationships.Nevertheless,little research has explored whether urban and rural areas can move from dual segmentation to integrated development from a theoretical or empirical perspective.Based on the research framework of welfare economics,which offers an appealing paradigm to frame the underlying game between cities and villages,this study clarifies the ideal state of urban-rural integration.It then proposes a series of basic assumptions,and constructs a corresponding objective function and its constraints.Moreover,it assesses the possibility of seeing the transmutation from division to integration between urban and rural areas with continuous socio-economic development.The authors argue that the ideal state of urban-rural integration should be a Pareto-driven optimal allocation of urban-rural resources and outputs,and the maximization of social welfare in the entire region.Based on a systematic demonstration using mathematical models,the study proposes that urban and rural areas can enter this ideal integrated development pattern when certain parameter conditions are met.In general,this study demonstrates the theoretical logic and scientific foundations of urban-rural integration,enriches theoretical studies about urban-rural relationships,and provides basic theoretical support for large developing countries to build a coordinated and orderly urban-rural community with a shared future.
文摘We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.
