The prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is increasing globally.Despite advancements in comprehending this intricate malignancy and formulating novel therapeutic approaches over the past few decades,the p...The prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is increasing globally.Despite advancements in comprehending this intricate malignancy and formulating novel therapeutic approaches over the past few decades,the prognosis for ICC remains poor.Owing to the high degree of malignancy and insidious onset of ICC,numerous cases are detected at intermediate or advanced stages of the disease,hence eliminating the chance for surgical intervention.Moreover,because of the highly invasive characteristics of ICC,recurrence and metastasis postresection are prevalent,leading to a 5-year survival rate of only 20%-35%following surgery.In the past decade,different methods of treatment have been investigated,including transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial radioembolization,radiotherapy,systemic therapy,and combination therapies.For certain patients with advanced ICC,conversion treatment may be utilized to facilitate surgical resection and manage disease progression.This review summarizes the definition of downstaging conversion treatment and presents the clinical experience and evidence concerning conversion treatment for advanced ICC.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish ...Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox dynamics.Herein,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni_(2)P by concurrently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P (Vp-B-Ni_(2)P),thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur conversion.The study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) as well as expediting the bidirectional conversion kinetics of sulfur species.Meanwhile,theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation processes.Thus,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni_(2)P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g^(-1)at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm^(-2)under E/S of 5μL mg^(-1)and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg cm^(-2).This work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide collaboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur conversion.展开更多
Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity ar...Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,inclu...Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.展开更多
Metal nanoparticles with high surface area and high electrochemical activity exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).However,poor stability,small specific surf...Metal nanoparticles with high surface area and high electrochemical activity exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).However,poor stability,small specific surface area,and less active sites limits its solar energy utilization.Hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize the bimetallic material of Cu_(x)Co_(1-x)in this work.Co was loaded onto the Cu surface due to the electrons generated by the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect occurring on the Cu surface.Cu_(x)Co_(1-x)exhibits high photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)efficiency under irradiation,which mainly because the Co nanoparticles on the surface of Cu can be used as cocatalysts to enhance the photocharge transfer.Cu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)exhibits the comparatively best photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO_(2)in the first 6 h light irradiation.The yields of CO and CH_(4)reached 35.26 and 2.71μmol/(g·h),respectively.Upon illumination,electrons were produced,with the majority of them moving towards the interface.This movement contributes to the increased lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,which in turn boosts the photocatalytic efficiency.The findings of this research provide significant insights for creating photocatalysts that are both highly effective and stable in CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
The quest for sustainable energy solutions has intensified the search for alternative feedstocks that can supplement or replace fossil fuels. Obtaining fuels or chemicals through the conversion of renewable biomass is...The quest for sustainable energy solutions has intensified the search for alternative feedstocks that can supplement or replace fossil fuels. Obtaining fuels or chemicals through the conversion of renewable biomass is a promising candidate [1,2]. Some noblemetal-based (e.g., Pt, Pd and Rh) catalysts exhibit significant catalytic activity to the conversion reaction of these biomass.展开更多
Toluene is widely used as a raw material for many chemical products/pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent in many chemical and manufacturing industries.The conversion of toluene into higher value chemicals(ben...Toluene is widely used as a raw material for many chemical products/pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent in many chemical and manufacturing industries.The conversion of toluene into higher value chemicals(benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,and benzoic acid,etc.)using sunlight is a very promising means.To achieve the full conversion and utilization of toluene,it is necessary to construct photocatalysts with high conversion and selectivity while synergistically optimizing the optimal reaction environment to significantly affect the photo-conversion of toluene.High-performance photocatalysts not only widely absorb sunlight,but also have abundant active sites and generation of free radicals,which can promote the chemical bonds cleavage of toluene,thus greatly increasing the yield of higher-valued products.In addition,the type of photocatalyst and the modification strategy would influence the selectivity of toluene photo-conversion.Therefore,it makes sense that this review presents the reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction factors for the(mainly)photo-oxidation of toluene,a thorough analysis and prediction of the reaction mechanism by theoretical calculations,and the toluene oxidation by different photocatalysts(in particular halogen-containing perovskite materials)to yield specific products,as well as photocatalysts’modifications.Finally,the challenges and prospects for designing efficient photocatalysts and optimizing the toluene oxidation reaction process are summarized.展开更多
The conversion of the greenhouse gas methane to value-added chemicals such as alcohols is a promising technology to mitigate environmental issue and the energy crisis.Especially,the sustainable photocatalytic,electroc...The conversion of the greenhouse gas methane to value-added chemicals such as alcohols is a promising technology to mitigate environmental issue and the energy crisis.Especially,the sustainable photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of methane at ambient conditions is regarded as an alternative technology to replace with thermocatalysis.In this review,we summarize recent advances in photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of methane into alcohols.We firstly introduce the general principles of photocatalysis,electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis.Then,we discuss the mechanism for selective activation of C-H bond and following oxygenation over metal,inorganic semiconductor,organic semiconductor,and heterojunction composite systems in the photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic methane oxidation in detail.Later,we present insights into the construction of effective photocatalyst,electrocatalyst and photoelectrocatalyst for methane conversion into alcohols from the perspective of band structures and active sites.Finally,the challenges and outlook for future designs of photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic methane oxidation systems are also proposed.展开更多
The hydrothermal stability of zeolites is essential for their potential applications in biomass conversion,especially in processes involving elevated temperatures alongside the use or generation of H_(2)O.In this stud...The hydrothermal stability of zeolites is essential for their potential applications in biomass conversion,especially in processes involving elevated temperatures alongside the use or generation of H_(2)O.In this study,we employed F-ions as mineralizers to synthesize hydrothermally stable ZSM-5 zeolites under acidic conditions.The acidic synthesis system promotes zeolites with fewer silanol-terminated lattice defects(ZSM-5(A))compared to the traditional basic conditions(ZSM-5(B)),endowing materials with substantially higher structural integrity and hydrophobicity.After 10 days of autoclave treatment at 200℃ in aqueous phase,H-ZSM-5(A)demonstrated nearly unchanged reaction rates in the dehydration of cyclohexanol,while H-ZSM-5(B)lost>50%of the dehydration activity.Additionally,H-ZSM-5(A)delivered higher initial dehydration rates compared to H-ZSM-5(B).The different measured activation energies further revealed variations in reaction pathways during cyclohexanol dehydration,i.e.,the monomer-or dimer-mediated routes depending on the concentration of alcohol molecule within zeolite pores,providing additional evidence for the strengthened hydrophobic nature of H-ZSM-5(A).Beyond this,the zeolite surface properties and the strength of cyclohexanol-zeolite interactions may impose additional transport/adsorption barriers attributed to multi-phase phenomena on the more polar H-ZSM-5(B)zeolite surfaces.More importantly,the hydrothermal treatment did not induce significant desilication and dealumination in H-ZSM-5(A),thereby preserving its active acid sites and ensuring exceptional hydrothermal stability.The present work fundamentally studies the synthesis of hydrothermally stable zeolites in an acidic medium using fluorides and expands the understanding of polar interactions in catalysis,characterized by the dehydration of cyclohexanol,for future application in biomass conversion.展开更多
Plasma,the fourth state of matter,is characterized by the presence of charged particles,including ions and electrons.It has been shown to induce unique physical and chemical reactions.Recently,there have been increase...Plasma,the fourth state of matter,is characterized by the presence of charged particles,including ions and electrons.It has been shown to induce unique physical and chemical reactions.Recently,there have been increased applications of plasma technology in the field of multiscale functional materials'preparation,with a number of interesting results.This review will begin by introducing the basic knowledge of plasma,including the definition,typical parameters,and classification of plasma setups.Following this,we will provide a comprehensive review and summary of the applications(phase conversion,doping,deposition,etching,exfoliation,and surface treatment)of plasma in common energy conversion and storage systems,such as electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors.This article summarizes the structure-performance relationships of electrochemical energy conversion and storage materials(ECSMs)that have been prepared or modified by plasma.It also provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives of plasma technology,which could lead to a new approach for designing and modifying electrode materials in ECSMs.展开更多
Accurate prediction of the composition of pyrolysis products is the prerequisite for achieving directional regulation of organic-rich shale pyrolysis and conversion products.In this paper,the classical segmented pyrol...Accurate prediction of the composition of pyrolysis products is the prerequisite for achieving directional regulation of organic-rich shale pyrolysis and conversion products.In this paper,the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model and a new refined pyrolysis kinetics model were used to forecast the composition distribution of hydrocarbon generation products co-heated by supercritical water and medium and low maturity organic-rich shale.The prediction accuracy of the two reaction kinetics models for the composition of pyrolysis products of organic-rich shale was compared.The reaction path of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under the action of supercritical water was identified.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model was poor at the initial stage of the reaction,and gradually increased with increasing time.The prediction error can reach less than 25%when the reaction time was 12 h.The new refined model of reaction kinetics established is better than the classical reaction kinetics model in predicting the product distribution of pyrolysis oil and gas,and its prediction error is less than 14%in this paper.The reaction paths of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under supercritical water conversion mainly include organic-rich shale directly generates asphaltene and saturated hydrocarbon,asphaltene pyrolysis generates saturated hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbon and resin,saturated hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbon and resin polymerization generates asphaltene,and saturated hydrocarbon,resin and asphaltene generates gas.The reason for the difference of centimeter sized and millimeter sized medium and low maturity organic-rich shales hydrocarbon generation in supercritical water is that the increase of shale size promotes the reaction path of polymerization of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon to asphaltene.展开更多
Methane, an abundant one-carbon(C_(1)) resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and ca...Methane, an abundant one-carbon(C_(1)) resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO_(2)emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane(ECM) using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO_(2)emission.展开更多
Background:This study assessed the frequency of changes in some key receptor status of tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in patients with invasive breast cancer and the prognostic impact of these changes.Metho...Background:This study assessed the frequency of changes in some key receptor status of tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in patients with invasive breast cancer and the prognostic impact of these changes.Methods:This study included 300 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who were treated with both NAC and surgery between 2012 and 2021.The hormone receptor(HR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)levels were measured before and after NAC.The prognostic impact of receptor conversion was also evaluated in patients receiving NAC,by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models as statistical methods.Results:The conversion rate of estrogen receptor–positive(ER^(+))to ER-negative(ER^(-))was similar to that of ER^(-)to ER^(+)(9.2%and10.9%,respectively).The proportion of HR^(-)to HR^(+)was remarkably higher than that of HR^(+)to HR^(-)(14.8%vs 9.2%,respectively).The change from HER2^(+)to HER2^(-)was significantly more frequently than that from HER2^(-)to HER2^(+)(20.3%vs 6%,respectively).Patients with ER and HR status changes from(-)to(+)after NAC had significantly worse recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)than those in the other 3 groups(ER^(-)to ER^(+):RFS:p=0.002,OS:p<0.001;HR^(-)to HR^(+):RFS:p=0.003,OS:p<0.001).The 4 HER2 conversion subgroups were not significantly associated with RFS or OS.Conclusions:This study demonstrated a discordance in HR status after NAC and identified predictors of conversion.Patients whose HR status switched to positive after NAC had the worst 3-year RFS and OS rates.展开更多
Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power densi...Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power density with improved trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity.Herein,polyelectrolyte hydrogels(channel width,2.2 nm)with inherent high ion conductivity have been demonstrated to enable excellent selective ion transfer when confined in cylindrical anodized aluminum pore with lateral size even up to the submillimeter scale(radius,0.1 mm).The membrane permeability of the anti-swelling hydrogel can also be further increased with cellulose nanofibers.With real seawater and river water,the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of RED system can reach up to 8.99 W m^(-2)(per unit total membrane area),much better than state-of-the-art membranes.This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ion-selective membranes,owning broad application prospects in the fields of osmotic energy collection,electrodialysis,flow battery and so on.展开更多
The origin of the Kilometric Continuum(KC)is usually attributed to the linear mode conversion window theory,yet direct evidence has been lacking.Here we present an event where electrostatic waves,Z-mode,and KC were ob...The origin of the Kilometric Continuum(KC)is usually attributed to the linear mode conversion window theory,yet direct evidence has been lacking.Here we present an event where electrostatic waves,Z-mode,and KC were observed simultaneously near the magnetic equator by the Van Allen Probes.We identify the radio window(the region for mode conversion taking place)at L=4.059 by solving the fully-thermal dispersion relation.Ray tracing simulations show that the backward-propagating electrostatic mode can smoothly transition to Z-mode.Then,Z-mode can convert to KC when its direction shifts to parallel or anti-parallel propagation at the radio window,which aligns with observations.This study provides direct evidence that supports the linear mode conversion theory as an effective mechanism for KC generation.展开更多
The full arrival of 5 G and advances in electronic integration make efficient heat dissipation crucial for stable operation and longer product lifespan. In this study, a vacuum-assisted filtration process was employed...The full arrival of 5 G and advances in electronic integration make efficient heat dissipation crucial for stable operation and longer product lifespan. In this study, a vacuum-assisted filtration process was employed to fabricate ammoniated alumina/MXene/bacterial cellulose (Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2)/MXene/BC) composite films that display a unique integration of properties, encompassing ultra-high thermal conductivity (λ), mechanical flexibility, and high photothermal conversion performance. By leveraging the bridging effect among spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2) and MXene nanosheets, a densely packed “point-surface” structure was constructed in BC by using a one-step preparation process. When the mass fraction of Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2)/MXene (1:3, w/w) is 40 wt%, the O-BAl1M3 exhibited an in-plane λ of 20.02 W m^(-1) K^(-1), which was 436 % and 94 % higher than that of pure BC and T-BAl1M3 (prepared by a two-step method), respectively. Furthermore, constructing an intact thermal conductive network within BC notably promoted photothermal and photoelectric conversion performance. The maximum surface temperature and voltage of the O-BAl1M3 film reached 106.9 ℃ and 48.34 mV when a sample with an area of 1.56 cm^(2) was exposed under a light intensity of 200 mW cm^(-2). By applying O-BAl1M3 film, the temperature inside a self-built greenhouse model reached up to 64.8 ℃ within 1200 s under a light intensity of 100 mW cm^(-2), which validated the practical application of the composite films and offered a novel approach for creating flexible films with superior photothermal conversion capability. This work provided insights into preparing functional composite films for efficient thermal management and photothermal conversion applications.展开更多
In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidati...In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidation methods such as ozonation system are used to manage MnS_(2)O_(6)in the leaching solution,replacing conventional methods.To ascertain the conversion rate and kinetics of MnS_(2)O_(6)during the ozonation process,we explored the factors influencing its removal rate,including ozone dosage,manganese dithionate concentration,sulfuric acid concentration,and reaction temperature.Batch experiments were conducted to determine the reaction rate constant of ozone(k)and activation energy(Ea)obtained from intermittent experimental data fitting,revealing a least-squares exponential conversion relationship between k and the MnS_(2)O_(6)removal amount,wherein an increase in the aforementioned factors led to an enhanced MnS_(2)O_(6)conversion rate,exceeding 99.3%.The formation mechanism of the ozone products proposed during the experiment was summarized and proposed as follows:1)Mn^(2+)was directly oxidized to MnO_(2),and 2)SO_(4)2−was obtained by the catalytic oxidation of S_(2)O_(6)^(2−)with HO•from O3 decomposition.According to the kinetics analysis,the pre-exponential factor and total activation energy of the ozonation kinetics equation were 1.0×10^(23) s^(−1) and 177.28 kJ/mol,respectively.Overall,the present study demonstrates that O_(3) as an oxidizing agent can effectively facilitate MnS_(2)O_(6)disproportionation while preventing the release of the secondary pollutant,SO_(2)gas.展开更多
Hybrid entangled states are crucial in quantum physics,offering significant benefits for hybrid quantum communication and quantum computation,and then the conversion of hybrid entangled states is equally critical.This...Hybrid entangled states are crucial in quantum physics,offering significant benefits for hybrid quantum communication and quantum computation,and then the conversion of hybrid entangled states is equally critical.This paper presents two novel schemes,that is,one converts the two-qubit hybrid Knill–Laflamme–Milburn(KLM)entangled state into Bell states and the other one transforms the three-qubit hybrid KLM state into Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ)states assisted by error-predicted and parity-discriminated devices.Importantly,the integration of single photon detectors into the parity-discriminated device enhances predictive capabilities,mitigates potential failures,and facilitates seamless interaction between the nitrogen-vacancy center and photons,so the two protocols operate in an error-predicted way,improving the experimental feasibility.Additionally,our schemes demonstrate robust fidelities(close to 1)and efficiencies,indicating their feasibility with existing technology.展开更多
Diverse water treatment technologies are widely applied to manage water quality,with ubiquitous hydraulic energy remaining.Emerging hydraulic pressure-electricity conversion,along with its in situ utilization,provides...Diverse water treatment technologies are widely applied to manage water quality,with ubiquitous hydraulic energy remaining.Emerging hydraulic pressure-electricity conversion,along with its in situ utilization,provides a promising strategy for addressing common challenges in water treatment,which is convenient,efficient,and practical.This innovative concept has garnered extensive interest and has achieved exciting progress over the past decade.Piezoelectricity,which induces charges via mechanical deformation,serves as a direct hydraulic energy harvesting mechanism to achieve force-electricity con-version,opening new avenues for innovating traditional water treatment technology while compensating for its shortcomings.However,such in situ hydraulic-electricity coupling is still in its early evolutionary stage and requires thorough investigation to determine future development directions.With this in mind,we discuss hydraulic piezoelectricity as a means of addressing common challenges in water treatment technologies,with a focus on representative membrane fouling,catalytic reactions,and sludge dewater-ing.Then,we further explore other emerging hydraulic-based technologies,such as hydrovoltaics,solid-liquid triboelectricity,and other energy methods,such as thermal energy,to expand the paradigm and scenarios of in situ electricity advancements in the water treatment process.展开更多
Radical anions of electron-deficient perylene diimides(PDI)are attractive near-infrared(NIR)absorbers for photothermal conversion;however,their stability is often compromised by strong aggregation and reoxidation in a...Radical anions of electron-deficient perylene diimides(PDI)are attractive near-infrared(NIR)absorbers for photothermal conversion;however,their stability is often compromised by strong aggregation and reoxidation in air.Herein,we present a class of bacterial composites hybridized with a newly synthesized doubly-strapped PDI cyclophane,termed“Gemini Box”(GBox-3^(4+)),which features air-stable PDI radicals for NIR photothermal conversion.The effective spatial isolation provided by the double-sided cationic molecular straps allows GBox-3^(4+)to completely suppress chromophore aggregation,even in concentrated aqueous solutions up to 2 mmol/L,thereby preserving its characteristic fluorescence for live-cell imaging.After incubation of bacteria with GBox-3^(4+),the radical species PDI·-have been found to stably exist in the bacterial composites under ambient conditions,both in aqueous suspension and solid forms.Further experiments demonstrate that the air stability of the radical species relies on the simultaneous presence of the doubly-strapped PDI dye and the bacteria.Moreover,the dye-bacterial composites exhibited an high-efficiency NIR photothermal effect with high durability,enabling their application as photothermal agents for seawater desalination.This work provides a new access to the in situ fabrication of photothermal materials from biomass,relying on the rational molecular design and the unique microenvironment of bacteria.展开更多
文摘The prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is increasing globally.Despite advancements in comprehending this intricate malignancy and formulating novel therapeutic approaches over the past few decades,the prognosis for ICC remains poor.Owing to the high degree of malignancy and insidious onset of ICC,numerous cases are detected at intermediate or advanced stages of the disease,hence eliminating the chance for surgical intervention.Moreover,because of the highly invasive characteristics of ICC,recurrence and metastasis postresection are prevalent,leading to a 5-year survival rate of only 20%-35%following surgery.In the past decade,different methods of treatment have been investigated,including transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial radioembolization,radiotherapy,systemic therapy,and combination therapies.For certain patients with advanced ICC,conversion treatment may be utilized to facilitate surgical resection and manage disease progression.This review summarizes the definition of downstaging conversion treatment and presents the clinical experience and evidence concerning conversion treatment for advanced ICC.
基金Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars21C Innovation Laboratory Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Limited,Ninde, 352100, China (21C–OP-202314)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox dynamics.Herein,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni_(2)P by concurrently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P (Vp-B-Ni_(2)P),thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur conversion.The study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) as well as expediting the bidirectional conversion kinetics of sulfur species.Meanwhile,theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni_(2)P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation processes.Thus,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni_(2)P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g^(-1)at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm^(-2)under E/S of 5μL mg^(-1)and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg cm^(-2).This work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide collaboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur conversion.
基金西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SWU-KT22030)重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202300205)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation,457444676).
文摘Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272039,U23B2075,51972168)Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2023085)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231406)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+2 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi Province Intelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation CenterShanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Laboratory,Yuncheng University。
文摘Metal nanoparticles with high surface area and high electrochemical activity exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).However,poor stability,small specific surface area,and less active sites limits its solar energy utilization.Hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize the bimetallic material of Cu_(x)Co_(1-x)in this work.Co was loaded onto the Cu surface due to the electrons generated by the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect occurring on the Cu surface.Cu_(x)Co_(1-x)exhibits high photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)efficiency under irradiation,which mainly because the Co nanoparticles on the surface of Cu can be used as cocatalysts to enhance the photocharge transfer.Cu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)exhibits the comparatively best photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO_(2)in the first 6 h light irradiation.The yields of CO and CH_(4)reached 35.26 and 2.71μmol/(g·h),respectively.Upon illumination,electrons were produced,with the majority of them moving towards the interface.This movement contributes to the increased lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,which in turn boosts the photocatalytic efficiency.The findings of this research provide significant insights for creating photocatalysts that are both highly effective and stable in CO_(2)reduction processes.
文摘The quest for sustainable energy solutions has intensified the search for alternative feedstocks that can supplement or replace fossil fuels. Obtaining fuels or chemicals through the conversion of renewable biomass is a promising candidate [1,2]. Some noblemetal-based (e.g., Pt, Pd and Rh) catalysts exhibit significant catalytic activity to the conversion reaction of these biomass.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada-Discovery Grant(Canada).
文摘Toluene is widely used as a raw material for many chemical products/pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent in many chemical and manufacturing industries.The conversion of toluene into higher value chemicals(benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,and benzoic acid,etc.)using sunlight is a very promising means.To achieve the full conversion and utilization of toluene,it is necessary to construct photocatalysts with high conversion and selectivity while synergistically optimizing the optimal reaction environment to significantly affect the photo-conversion of toluene.High-performance photocatalysts not only widely absorb sunlight,but also have abundant active sites and generation of free radicals,which can promote the chemical bonds cleavage of toluene,thus greatly increasing the yield of higher-valued products.In addition,the type of photocatalyst and the modification strategy would influence the selectivity of toluene photo-conversion.Therefore,it makes sense that this review presents the reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction factors for the(mainly)photo-oxidation of toluene,a thorough analysis and prediction of the reaction mechanism by theoretical calculations,and the toluene oxidation by different photocatalysts(in particular halogen-containing perovskite materials)to yield specific products,as well as photocatalysts’modifications.Finally,the challenges and prospects for designing efficient photocatalysts and optimizing the toluene oxidation reaction process are summarized.
文摘The conversion of the greenhouse gas methane to value-added chemicals such as alcohols is a promising technology to mitigate environmental issue and the energy crisis.Especially,the sustainable photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of methane at ambient conditions is regarded as an alternative technology to replace with thermocatalysis.In this review,we summarize recent advances in photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of methane into alcohols.We firstly introduce the general principles of photocatalysis,electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis.Then,we discuss the mechanism for selective activation of C-H bond and following oxygenation over metal,inorganic semiconductor,organic semiconductor,and heterojunction composite systems in the photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic methane oxidation in detail.Later,we present insights into the construction of effective photocatalyst,electrocatalyst and photoelectrocatalyst for methane conversion into alcohols from the perspective of band structures and active sites.Finally,the challenges and outlook for future designs of photocatalytic,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic methane oxidation systems are also proposed.
文摘The hydrothermal stability of zeolites is essential for their potential applications in biomass conversion,especially in processes involving elevated temperatures alongside the use or generation of H_(2)O.In this study,we employed F-ions as mineralizers to synthesize hydrothermally stable ZSM-5 zeolites under acidic conditions.The acidic synthesis system promotes zeolites with fewer silanol-terminated lattice defects(ZSM-5(A))compared to the traditional basic conditions(ZSM-5(B)),endowing materials with substantially higher structural integrity and hydrophobicity.After 10 days of autoclave treatment at 200℃ in aqueous phase,H-ZSM-5(A)demonstrated nearly unchanged reaction rates in the dehydration of cyclohexanol,while H-ZSM-5(B)lost>50%of the dehydration activity.Additionally,H-ZSM-5(A)delivered higher initial dehydration rates compared to H-ZSM-5(B).The different measured activation energies further revealed variations in reaction pathways during cyclohexanol dehydration,i.e.,the monomer-or dimer-mediated routes depending on the concentration of alcohol molecule within zeolite pores,providing additional evidence for the strengthened hydrophobic nature of H-ZSM-5(A).Beyond this,the zeolite surface properties and the strength of cyclohexanol-zeolite interactions may impose additional transport/adsorption barriers attributed to multi-phase phenomena on the more polar H-ZSM-5(B)zeolite surfaces.More importantly,the hydrothermal treatment did not induce significant desilication and dealumination in H-ZSM-5(A),thereby preserving its active acid sites and ensuring exceptional hydrothermal stability.The present work fundamentally studies the synthesis of hydrothermally stable zeolites in an acidic medium using fluorides and expands the understanding of polar interactions in catalysis,characterized by the dehydration of cyclohexanol,for future application in biomass conversion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52002052,52073252,52372235Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:2023C01231+2 种基金Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022YFSY0004the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of New textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies,Grant/Award Number:FZ2021009Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology),the Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Numbers:KFM202202,KFM202302,KFM202303。
文摘Plasma,the fourth state of matter,is characterized by the presence of charged particles,including ions and electrons.It has been shown to induce unique physical and chemical reactions.Recently,there have been increased applications of plasma technology in the field of multiscale functional materials'preparation,with a number of interesting results.This review will begin by introducing the basic knowledge of plasma,including the definition,typical parameters,and classification of plasma setups.Following this,we will provide a comprehensive review and summary of the applications(phase conversion,doping,deposition,etching,exfoliation,and surface treatment)of plasma in common energy conversion and storage systems,such as electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors.This article summarizes the structure-performance relationships of electrochemical energy conversion and storage materials(ECSMs)that have been prepared or modified by plasma.It also provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives of plasma technology,which could lead to a new approach for designing and modifying electrode materials in ECSMs.
基金support by the Basic Science Center Program of the Ordered Energy Conversion of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NO.52488201)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Accurate prediction of the composition of pyrolysis products is the prerequisite for achieving directional regulation of organic-rich shale pyrolysis and conversion products.In this paper,the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model and a new refined pyrolysis kinetics model were used to forecast the composition distribution of hydrocarbon generation products co-heated by supercritical water and medium and low maturity organic-rich shale.The prediction accuracy of the two reaction kinetics models for the composition of pyrolysis products of organic-rich shale was compared.The reaction path of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under the action of supercritical water was identified.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model was poor at the initial stage of the reaction,and gradually increased with increasing time.The prediction error can reach less than 25%when the reaction time was 12 h.The new refined model of reaction kinetics established is better than the classical reaction kinetics model in predicting the product distribution of pyrolysis oil and gas,and its prediction error is less than 14%in this paper.The reaction paths of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under supercritical water conversion mainly include organic-rich shale directly generates asphaltene and saturated hydrocarbon,asphaltene pyrolysis generates saturated hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbon and resin,saturated hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbon and resin polymerization generates asphaltene,and saturated hydrocarbon,resin and asphaltene generates gas.The reason for the difference of centimeter sized and millimeter sized medium and low maturity organic-rich shales hydrocarbon generation in supercritical water is that the increase of shale size promotes the reaction path of polymerization of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon to asphaltene.
基金National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1508001 and 2023YFA1508002)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22272120 and U2202251)+1 种基金Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023SHFZ120)Research Foundation of Marine Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Hainan University (XTCX2022HYB01)。
文摘Methane, an abundant one-carbon(C_(1)) resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO_(2)emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane(ECM) using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO_(2)emission.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Research Project of Shanxi Science and Technology Department(no.202303021221190)the Shanxi General Surgery“136”Healthcare Engineering Project(no.2024XYZ03)。
文摘Background:This study assessed the frequency of changes in some key receptor status of tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in patients with invasive breast cancer and the prognostic impact of these changes.Methods:This study included 300 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who were treated with both NAC and surgery between 2012 and 2021.The hormone receptor(HR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)levels were measured before and after NAC.The prognostic impact of receptor conversion was also evaluated in patients receiving NAC,by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models as statistical methods.Results:The conversion rate of estrogen receptor–positive(ER^(+))to ER-negative(ER^(-))was similar to that of ER^(-)to ER^(+)(9.2%and10.9%,respectively).The proportion of HR^(-)to HR^(+)was remarkably higher than that of HR^(+)to HR^(-)(14.8%vs 9.2%,respectively).The change from HER2^(+)to HER2^(-)was significantly more frequently than that from HER2^(-)to HER2^(+)(20.3%vs 6%,respectively).Patients with ER and HR status changes from(-)to(+)after NAC had significantly worse recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)than those in the other 3 groups(ER^(-)to ER^(+):RFS:p=0.002,OS:p<0.001;HR^(-)to HR^(+):RFS:p=0.003,OS:p<0.001).The 4 HER2 conversion subgroups were not significantly associated with RFS or OS.Conclusions:This study demonstrated a discordance in HR status after NAC and identified predictors of conversion.Patients whose HR status switched to positive after NAC had the worst 3-year RFS and OS rates.
基金supported by The Project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan(Grant No.202228078)Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023KJ107)+2 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201812085)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51903102,Grant No.52376063,Grant No.52302256)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD744223).
文摘Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power density with improved trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity.Herein,polyelectrolyte hydrogels(channel width,2.2 nm)with inherent high ion conductivity have been demonstrated to enable excellent selective ion transfer when confined in cylindrical anodized aluminum pore with lateral size even up to the submillimeter scale(radius,0.1 mm).The membrane permeability of the anti-swelling hydrogel can also be further increased with cellulose nanofibers.With real seawater and river water,the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of RED system can reach up to 8.99 W m^(-2)(per unit total membrane area),much better than state-of-the-art membranes.This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ion-selective membranes,owning broad application prospects in the fields of osmotic energy collection,electrodialysis,flow battery and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 42074198,42230209 and 42374215the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department Grants 21A0212,Post-graduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province CX20240804.
文摘The origin of the Kilometric Continuum(KC)is usually attributed to the linear mode conversion window theory,yet direct evidence has been lacking.Here we present an event where electrostatic waves,Z-mode,and KC were observed simultaneously near the magnetic equator by the Van Allen Probes.We identify the radio window(the region for mode conversion taking place)at L=4.059 by solving the fully-thermal dispersion relation.Ray tracing simulations show that the backward-propagating electrostatic mode can smoothly transition to Z-mode.Then,Z-mode can convert to KC when its direction shifts to parallel or anti-parallel propagation at the radio window,which aligns with observations.This study provides direct evidence that supports the linear mode conversion theory as an effective mechanism for KC generation.
基金support of this work by the Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(No.23JK0373)the Shaanxi University of Technology Graduate Innovation Fund(No.SLGYCX2402)the Talent Start-up Fund of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLGRCQD2329).
文摘The full arrival of 5 G and advances in electronic integration make efficient heat dissipation crucial for stable operation and longer product lifespan. In this study, a vacuum-assisted filtration process was employed to fabricate ammoniated alumina/MXene/bacterial cellulose (Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2)/MXene/BC) composite films that display a unique integration of properties, encompassing ultra-high thermal conductivity (λ), mechanical flexibility, and high photothermal conversion performance. By leveraging the bridging effect among spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2) and MXene nanosheets, a densely packed “point-surface” structure was constructed in BC by using a one-step preparation process. When the mass fraction of Al_(2)O_(3)-NH_(2)/MXene (1:3, w/w) is 40 wt%, the O-BAl1M3 exhibited an in-plane λ of 20.02 W m^(-1) K^(-1), which was 436 % and 94 % higher than that of pure BC and T-BAl1M3 (prepared by a two-step method), respectively. Furthermore, constructing an intact thermal conductive network within BC notably promoted photothermal and photoelectric conversion performance. The maximum surface temperature and voltage of the O-BAl1M3 film reached 106.9 ℃ and 48.34 mV when a sample with an area of 1.56 cm^(2) was exposed under a light intensity of 200 mW cm^(-2). By applying O-BAl1M3 film, the temperature inside a self-built greenhouse model reached up to 64.8 ℃ within 1200 s under a light intensity of 100 mW cm^(-2), which validated the practical application of the composite films and offered a novel approach for creating flexible films with superior photothermal conversion capability. This work provided insights into preparing functional composite films for efficient thermal management and photothermal conversion applications.
基金Project(2022M710619)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2020YFH0213,2020YFG0039)supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China+1 种基金Projects(XJ2024001501,KCXTD2023-4)supported by the Basic Scientific Foundation and Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal UniversityProject(CSPC202403)supported by the Open Project Program of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,China。
文摘In response to the fact that the presence of manganese dithionate(MnS_(2)O_(6))leads to a series of adverse impacts,especially lower purity of manganese sulfate(MnSO_(4))and disruption of its recovery,advanced oxidation methods such as ozonation system are used to manage MnS_(2)O_(6)in the leaching solution,replacing conventional methods.To ascertain the conversion rate and kinetics of MnS_(2)O_(6)during the ozonation process,we explored the factors influencing its removal rate,including ozone dosage,manganese dithionate concentration,sulfuric acid concentration,and reaction temperature.Batch experiments were conducted to determine the reaction rate constant of ozone(k)and activation energy(Ea)obtained from intermittent experimental data fitting,revealing a least-squares exponential conversion relationship between k and the MnS_(2)O_(6)removal amount,wherein an increase in the aforementioned factors led to an enhanced MnS_(2)O_(6)conversion rate,exceeding 99.3%.The formation mechanism of the ozone products proposed during the experiment was summarized and proposed as follows:1)Mn^(2+)was directly oxidized to MnO_(2),and 2)SO_(4)2−was obtained by the catalytic oxidation of S_(2)O_(6)^(2−)with HO•from O3 decomposition.According to the kinetics analysis,the pre-exponential factor and total activation energy of the ozonation kinetics equation were 1.0×10^(23) s^(−1) and 177.28 kJ/mol,respectively.Overall,the present study demonstrates that O_(3) as an oxidizing agent can effectively facilitate MnS_(2)O_(6)disproportionation while preventing the release of the secondary pollutant,SO_(2)gas.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3203400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61901420)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.20230302121116)。
文摘Hybrid entangled states are crucial in quantum physics,offering significant benefits for hybrid quantum communication and quantum computation,and then the conversion of hybrid entangled states is equally critical.This paper presents two novel schemes,that is,one converts the two-qubit hybrid Knill–Laflamme–Milburn(KLM)entangled state into Bell states and the other one transforms the three-qubit hybrid KLM state into Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ)states assisted by error-predicted and parity-discriminated devices.Importantly,the integration of single photon detectors into the parity-discriminated device enhances predictive capabilities,mitigates potential failures,and facilitates seamless interaction between the nitrogen-vacancy center and photons,so the two protocols operate in an error-predicted way,improving the experimental feasibility.Additionally,our schemes demonstrate robust fidelities(close to 1)and efficiencies,indicating their feasibility with existing technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276092)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022300304)the National Innovation Center par Excellence Joint Graduate Program.
文摘Diverse water treatment technologies are widely applied to manage water quality,with ubiquitous hydraulic energy remaining.Emerging hydraulic pressure-electricity conversion,along with its in situ utilization,provides a promising strategy for addressing common challenges in water treatment,which is convenient,efficient,and practical.This innovative concept has garnered extensive interest and has achieved exciting progress over the past decade.Piezoelectricity,which induces charges via mechanical deformation,serves as a direct hydraulic energy harvesting mechanism to achieve force-electricity con-version,opening new avenues for innovating traditional water treatment technology while compensating for its shortcomings.However,such in situ hydraulic-electricity coupling is still in its early evolutionary stage and requires thorough investigation to determine future development directions.With this in mind,we discuss hydraulic piezoelectricity as a means of addressing common challenges in water treatment technologies,with a focus on representative membrane fouling,catalytic reactions,and sludge dewater-ing.Then,we further explore other emerging hydraulic-based technologies,such as hydrovoltaics,solid-liquid triboelectricity,and other energy methods,such as thermal energy,to expand the paradigm and scenarios of in situ electricity advancements in the water treatment process.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2242004 and 2232027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171021)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730245).
文摘Radical anions of electron-deficient perylene diimides(PDI)are attractive near-infrared(NIR)absorbers for photothermal conversion;however,their stability is often compromised by strong aggregation and reoxidation in air.Herein,we present a class of bacterial composites hybridized with a newly synthesized doubly-strapped PDI cyclophane,termed“Gemini Box”(GBox-3^(4+)),which features air-stable PDI radicals for NIR photothermal conversion.The effective spatial isolation provided by the double-sided cationic molecular straps allows GBox-3^(4+)to completely suppress chromophore aggregation,even in concentrated aqueous solutions up to 2 mmol/L,thereby preserving its characteristic fluorescence for live-cell imaging.After incubation of bacteria with GBox-3^(4+),the radical species PDI·-have been found to stably exist in the bacterial composites under ambient conditions,both in aqueous suspension and solid forms.Further experiments demonstrate that the air stability of the radical species relies on the simultaneous presence of the doubly-strapped PDI dye and the bacteria.Moreover,the dye-bacterial composites exhibited an high-efficiency NIR photothermal effect with high durability,enabling their application as photothermal agents for seawater desalination.This work provides a new access to the in situ fabrication of photothermal materials from biomass,relying on the rational molecular design and the unique microenvironment of bacteria.
