Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting...Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.展开更多
In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis...In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis nonlinear characteristics of piezo-positioning actuator.The static nonlinear part and dynamic linear part of the Hammerstein model are represented by models obtained through the Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)model and Hankel matrix system identification method,respectively.This model demonstrates good generalization capability for typical input frequencies below 200 Hz.A sliding mode inverse compensation tracking control strategy based on P-I inverse model and integral augmentation is proposed.Experimental results show that compared with PID inverse compensation control and sliding mode control without inverse compensation,the sliding mode inverse compensation control has a more ideal step response and no overshoot,moreover,the settling time is only 6.2 ms.In the frequency domain,the system closed-loop tracking bandwidth reaches 119.9 Hz,and the disturbance rejection bandwidth reaches 86.2 Hz.The proposed control strategy can effectively compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity,and improve the tracking accuracy and antidisturbance capability of piezo-positioning system.展开更多
Raised levels of the cardiac biomarker, Troponin I, are frequently encountered in hemodialysis patients and appear to be prognostic indicators for cardiovascular risk. Though evidence suggests that control of secondar...Raised levels of the cardiac biomarker, Troponin I, are frequently encountered in hemodialysis patients and appear to be prognostic indicators for cardiovascular risk. Though evidence suggests that control of secondary hyperparathyroidism may reduce cardiac endpoints, the effect of the calcimimetic agent, cinacalcet, remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed at evaluating troponin levels in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyper parathyroidism (SHPT) who are on cinacalcet vs controls on conventional treatment. In addition, clinical outcomes including all-cause, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were compared among both groups. A decline in Troponin I levels was observed in the cinacalcet group, this however was not translated clinically into improved survival. In fact, all-cause and cardiac mortality was similar in the two groups. Conversely, comparison of the incidence of cardiovascular events revealed lower rates in the cinacalcet group including cardiac, cerebral and peripheral vascular complications. Given some of our study limitations, further long-term, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to definitively establish the effect of cinacalet on cardiac biomarkers and ultimately its impact on clinical outcomes.展开更多
Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease of the small bowel induced by ingestion of wheat,rye and barley.Current guidelines indicate histological analysis on at least four duodenal biopsies as the only way to diagno...Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease of the small bowel induced by ingestion of wheat,rye and barley.Current guidelines indicate histological analysis on at least four duodenal biopsies as the only way to diagnose CD.These indications are based on the conception of the inability of standard endoscopy to make diagnosis of CD and/or to drive biopsy sampling.Over the last years,technology development of endoscopic devices has greatly ameliorated the accuracy of macroscopic evaluation of duodenal villous pattern,increasing the diagnostic power of endoscopy of CD.The aim of this paper is to review the new endoscopic tools and procedures proved to be useful in the diagnosis of CD,such as chromoendoscopy,Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy,Narrow Band Imaging,Optical Coherence Tomography,Water-Immersion Technique,confocal laser endomicroscopy,high-resolution magnification endoscopy,capsule endoscopy and I-Scan technology.展开更多
Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary partic...Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.展开更多
Vanadium oxide(VO_(x))has garnered significant attention in the realm of resistive random-access memory(RRAM)owing to its outstanding resistive switching characteristics.However,the ambiguous mechanisms of resistive s...Vanadium oxide(VO_(x))has garnered significant attention in the realm of resistive random-access memory(RRAM)owing to its outstanding resistive switching characteristics.However,the ambiguous mechanisms of resistive switching and inferior stability hinder its practical applications.Herein,an RRAM named VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device is prepared.It displays bipolar resistive switching behavior and shows superior cycle endurance(>200),a significantly high on/off ratio(>10^(2))and long-term stability.The tremendous improvement in the stability of the VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device compared with the Cu/VOx/n^(++)Si device is due to the p-i-n structure of VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si.The switching mechanism of the VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device is attributed to the growth and annihilation of Cu conductive filaments.展开更多
For cases in which a robot with installed solar cells and a sensor operates in a nuclear reactor building or in space for extravehicular activity, we require elastic and extensible solar cells. More than two different...For cases in which a robot with installed solar cells and a sensor operates in a nuclear reactor building or in space for extravehicular activity, we require elastic and extensible solar cells. More than two different types of sensing are also required, minimally with photovoltaics and built-in electricity. Magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber solar cells are made of rubber, so they are elastic and extensible as well as sensitive. To achieve flexibility and an effective photovoltaic effect, MCF rubber solar cells must include both soluble and insoluble rubbers, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, etc. On the basis of this constitution, we propose a consummate fabrication process for MCF rubber solar cells. The characteristics of these cells result from the semiconductor-like role of the molecules of TiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Ni, Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), natural rubber (NR), oleic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), water and magnetic cluster involved in the MCF rubber. Their tendencies can be deduced by synthesizing knowledge about the enhancement of the reverse-bias saturation current <em>I</em><sub><em>S</em></sub> and the diode ideality factor <em>N</em>, with conventional knowledge about the semiconductor affected by <em>γ</em>-irradiation and the attenuation of the photon energy of <em>γ</em>-rays.展开更多
This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrate...This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrates) to complex II (succinate oxidation). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of urgent adaptation to hypoxia, which is necessary for 1) succinate-related energy synthesis in the conditions of oxygen shortage and formation of urgent resistance;2) succinate-related stabilization of HIF-1α and initiation of its transcriptional activity related with formation of long-term adaptation;3) succinate-dependent activation of the succinate-specific receptor GPR91. Thus, mitochondria perform a signaling function with succinate as a signaling molecule. Effects of succinate in hypoxia occur at three levels, intramitochondrial, intracellular and intercellular. In these settings, succinate displays antihypoxic activity. The review is focused on tactics and strategy for development of the antihypoxic defense and antihypoxants with energotropic properties.展开更多
This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrate...This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrates) to complex II (succinate oxidation). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of urgent adaptation to hypoxia, which is necessary for 1) succinate-related energy synthesis in the conditions of oxygen shortage and formation of urgent resistance;2) succinate-related stabilization of HIF-1α and initiation of its transcriptional activity related with formation of long-term adaptation;3) succinate-dependent activation of the succinate-specific receptor GPR91. Thus, mitochondria perform a signaling function with succinate as a signaling molecule. Effects of succinate in hypoxia occur at three levels, intramitochondrial, intracellular and intercellular. In these settings, succinate displays antihypoxic activitie. The review is focused on tactics and strategy for development of the antihypoxic defense and antihypoxants with energotropic properties.展开更多
Objectives: The main steps for physiologic type reconstruction in 50 complicated corrosive strictures of upper alimentary tract are presented. Methods: In successive developed gastric outlet and esophageal strictures ...Objectives: The main steps for physiologic type reconstruction in 50 complicated corrosive strictures of upper alimentary tract are presented. Methods: In successive developed gastric outlet and esophageal strictures a limited Billroth I resection (in 9) or conversion a prior precolic GEA in such anastomosis (in 5) and middle or total gastrectomies (in 3) were performed. A second stage substernal by-pass with isoperistaltic transverse colon segment was done 6 - 12 weeks later. In all but one instances the graft was implanted high in the gastric stump. In extensive burned and retracted such lesion (in 3) a similar by-pass was carried out but the lower anastomosis was done with the not involved prepyloric segement. In concomittant antropyloric and esophageal strictures in 11 young, good risk patients, a limited Billroth I resction and simultaneous colonic bypass was used. In case of accompanied respiratory fistula (in 4) exclusion by-pass was useful for both lesions. The associated pyloric stricture (in 3) was solved at the same time. Side-to-end pharyngocolostomy was used in 4 high thoracocervical strictures. In 8 previously perforated strictures the by-ass was performed 2 months later. Reults: The overall mortality was 4%. The postoperative morbidity was low (8%). All cervical leaks closed spontaneously. Particular late complications required revisional surgery in 12, 5% of cases. Conclusion: In complicated corrosive strictures (esophageal, gastric, fistulas) limited Billoth I resection, isoperistaltic colon by-pass with high gastrocolic anastomosis, good gastric drainage and maintenance of the duodenum in gastrointestinal continuity are the main factors to achieve the best functional results.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted by the author’s university as a scientific peer-reviewed publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author...The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted by the author’s university as a scientific peer-reviewed publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in World Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 No.3B, September 2014, has been removed from this site.展开更多
The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon le...The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon leaf flavonoid was orally administered for 5 days. Results showed that the persimmon leaf fiavonoid significantly improved the content of tissue type plasminogen activator and 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 a in the cerebral cortex, decreased the content of thromboxane B2, and reduced the content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice. Following optical microscopy, persimmon leaf flavonoid was also shown to reduce cell swelling and nuclear hyperchromatism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. These results suggested that persimmon leaf fiavonoid can effectively inhibit brain thrombosis, improve blood supply to the brain and relieve ischemia-induced pathological damage, resulting in brain ischemic tolerance.展开更多
Objective: Serum from SSc patients was analyzed centrally to determine ANA patterns and extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) between lcSSc and dcSSc and associations with organ involvement. Methods: 1145 SSc patients h...Objective: Serum from SSc patients was analyzed centrally to determine ANA patterns and extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) between lcSSc and dcSSc and associations with organ involvement. Methods: 1145 SSc patients had ANA and ENA analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 substrate at a screening serum dilution of 1/160. Most ENA antibodies [Sm. U1-RNP, Ro52, SS-A/Ro60, topoisomeraseI (Topo1), SS-B/La, chromatin, ribosomal P and Jo1] were measured by laser bead immunoassay;and RNA polymerase III (RNAP) by ELISA. Results: ANA was positive in 95% (same in lcSSc, and dcSSc). Centromere pattern was present in 34%, speckled 22%, nucleolar 18%, homogeneous and speckled (H&S) 16%, multiple nuclear dots 6%. Anti-centromere Ab (ACA) occurred in 46% of lcSSc and 11% of dcSSc (P = 0.0001). ENAs that differed between lcSSc and dcSSc subsets were Topo1 (OR 2.4, P = 0.0001) and RNAP (OR 5.6, P 0.0001) more common in dcSSc. Overall, 15% had positive Topo1;usually with a H&S pattern (67%);Topo1 was associated with ILD on CXR (OR 2.3;95% CI 1.5 - 3.5) and HRCT (OR 3.8;95% CI 1.8 - 8.2). RNAP occurred in 18.5% (35.4% in dcSSc vs. 8.9% in lcSSc). Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) was 13 times more likely if RNAP positive;P = 0.0001. ACA was only weakly associated with sPAP > 50 mmHg (OR 1.8;95%CI 1.1 - 3.0). Conclusion: ANA homogeneous pattern alone is rare in SSc;ACA was significantly more common in lcSSc. Many ENAs are equal in lcSSc and dcSSc except RNAP and Topo1. RNAP has the highest OR of SRC. Topo1 is less strongly associated with ILD. Abstract word count: 249, Body word count 1246, Figures 2, Tables 2. Key Messages: 1) 95% of SSc has a positive ANA and ANA patterns in SSc include centromere, nucleolar, and homogeneous and speckled together;2) Most ENAs are equal in both dcSSc and lcSSc except anti RNA polymerase III and topoisomerase I;3) RNA polymerase III has the highest association (odds ratio) with scleroderma renal crisis, topoisomerase I is associated with interstitial lung disease;whereas anticentromere was not associated with elevated pulmonary arterial pressures on echocardiogram.展开更多
BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provide...BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provides a necessary additive tool in dealing with challenging cataract surgeries with small pupils.AIM To document the safety profile and use of I-ring pupil expansion ring in a clinical practice.METHODS A retrospective chart review of 12 consecutive cases within the same year(2016)of cataract surgeries employing I-ring pupil expansion ring(Beaver-Visitec,International)by a single surgeon at the same ambulatory surgical center was conducted.Demographic,pre-op,intra-op,and post-op data were recorded.Total number of cataract cases performed was also recorded.RESULTS 8 of 12 cases were planned I-ring cases.1 case was decided intraoperatively when femtosecond laser caused the pupil to shrink.The other 3 cases were also decided upon intraoperatively when pupil was deemed to be small.7 patients had IFIS from Flomax use.2 patients had pseudoexfoliation syndrome as the cause of small pupil.2 patients had narrow angles with brunescent cataracts.2 patients had pre-op partial zonular dehiscence.1 patient had 360o of posterior synechiae.2 cases had ruptured posterior capsule that required anterior vitrectomy.No complications were attributed to the pupil expansion ring.A total of 296 cataract surgeries were performed that year by the surgeon,making the rate of pupil ring use 4.1%.CONCLUSION Small pupil requiring pupil expansion ring during cataract surgery is often associated with other challenges,such as brunescent cataract,zonular weakness,and posterior synechiae in this series.I-ring helped to reduce at least one challenge in these difficult cases.展开更多
文摘Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.
文摘In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis nonlinear characteristics of piezo-positioning actuator.The static nonlinear part and dynamic linear part of the Hammerstein model are represented by models obtained through the Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)model and Hankel matrix system identification method,respectively.This model demonstrates good generalization capability for typical input frequencies below 200 Hz.A sliding mode inverse compensation tracking control strategy based on P-I inverse model and integral augmentation is proposed.Experimental results show that compared with PID inverse compensation control and sliding mode control without inverse compensation,the sliding mode inverse compensation control has a more ideal step response and no overshoot,moreover,the settling time is only 6.2 ms.In the frequency domain,the system closed-loop tracking bandwidth reaches 119.9 Hz,and the disturbance rejection bandwidth reaches 86.2 Hz.The proposed control strategy can effectively compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity,and improve the tracking accuracy and antidisturbance capability of piezo-positioning system.
文摘Raised levels of the cardiac biomarker, Troponin I, are frequently encountered in hemodialysis patients and appear to be prognostic indicators for cardiovascular risk. Though evidence suggests that control of secondary hyperparathyroidism may reduce cardiac endpoints, the effect of the calcimimetic agent, cinacalcet, remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed at evaluating troponin levels in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyper parathyroidism (SHPT) who are on cinacalcet vs controls on conventional treatment. In addition, clinical outcomes including all-cause, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were compared among both groups. A decline in Troponin I levels was observed in the cinacalcet group, this however was not translated clinically into improved survival. In fact, all-cause and cardiac mortality was similar in the two groups. Conversely, comparison of the incidence of cardiovascular events revealed lower rates in the cinacalcet group including cardiac, cerebral and peripheral vascular complications. Given some of our study limitations, further long-term, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to definitively establish the effect of cinacalet on cardiac biomarkers and ultimately its impact on clinical outcomes.
文摘Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disease of the small bowel induced by ingestion of wheat,rye and barley.Current guidelines indicate histological analysis on at least four duodenal biopsies as the only way to diagnose CD.These indications are based on the conception of the inability of standard endoscopy to make diagnosis of CD and/or to drive biopsy sampling.Over the last years,technology development of endoscopic devices has greatly ameliorated the accuracy of macroscopic evaluation of duodenal villous pattern,increasing the diagnostic power of endoscopy of CD.The aim of this paper is to review the new endoscopic tools and procedures proved to be useful in the diagnosis of CD,such as chromoendoscopy,Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy,Narrow Band Imaging,Optical Coherence Tomography,Water-Immersion Technique,confocal laser endomicroscopy,high-resolution magnification endoscopy,capsule endoscopy and I-Scan technology.
文摘Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61376017)。
文摘Vanadium oxide(VO_(x))has garnered significant attention in the realm of resistive random-access memory(RRAM)owing to its outstanding resistive switching characteristics.However,the ambiguous mechanisms of resistive switching and inferior stability hinder its practical applications.Herein,an RRAM named VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device is prepared.It displays bipolar resistive switching behavior and shows superior cycle endurance(>200),a significantly high on/off ratio(>10^(2))and long-term stability.The tremendous improvement in the stability of the VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device compared with the Cu/VOx/n^(++)Si device is due to the p-i-n structure of VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si.The switching mechanism of the VO_(x)/TiO_(2)/n^(++)Si device is attributed to the growth and annihilation of Cu conductive filaments.
文摘For cases in which a robot with installed solar cells and a sensor operates in a nuclear reactor building or in space for extravehicular activity, we require elastic and extensible solar cells. More than two different types of sensing are also required, minimally with photovoltaics and built-in electricity. Magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber solar cells are made of rubber, so they are elastic and extensible as well as sensitive. To achieve flexibility and an effective photovoltaic effect, MCF rubber solar cells must include both soluble and insoluble rubbers, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, etc. On the basis of this constitution, we propose a consummate fabrication process for MCF rubber solar cells. The characteristics of these cells result from the semiconductor-like role of the molecules of TiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Ni, Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), natural rubber (NR), oleic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), water and magnetic cluster involved in the MCF rubber. Their tendencies can be deduced by synthesizing knowledge about the enhancement of the reverse-bias saturation current <em>I</em><sub><em>S</em></sub> and the diode ideality factor <em>N</em>, with conventional knowledge about the semiconductor affected by <em>γ</em>-irradiation and the attenuation of the photon energy of <em>γ</em>-rays.
文摘This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrates) to complex II (succinate oxidation). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of urgent adaptation to hypoxia, which is necessary for 1) succinate-related energy synthesis in the conditions of oxygen shortage and formation of urgent resistance;2) succinate-related stabilization of HIF-1α and initiation of its transcriptional activity related with formation of long-term adaptation;3) succinate-dependent activation of the succinate-specific receptor GPR91. Thus, mitochondria perform a signaling function with succinate as a signaling molecule. Effects of succinate in hypoxia occur at three levels, intramitochondrial, intracellular and intercellular. In these settings, succinate displays antihypoxic activity. The review is focused on tactics and strategy for development of the antihypoxic defense and antihypoxants with energotropic properties.
文摘This paper focuses on a bioenergetic mechanism responding to hypoxia. This response involves hypoxia-induced reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of complex I (NAD-related substrates) to complex II (succinate oxidation). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of urgent adaptation to hypoxia, which is necessary for 1) succinate-related energy synthesis in the conditions of oxygen shortage and formation of urgent resistance;2) succinate-related stabilization of HIF-1α and initiation of its transcriptional activity related with formation of long-term adaptation;3) succinate-dependent activation of the succinate-specific receptor GPR91. Thus, mitochondria perform a signaling function with succinate as a signaling molecule. Effects of succinate in hypoxia occur at three levels, intramitochondrial, intracellular and intercellular. In these settings, succinate displays antihypoxic activitie. The review is focused on tactics and strategy for development of the antihypoxic defense and antihypoxants with energotropic properties.
文摘Objectives: The main steps for physiologic type reconstruction in 50 complicated corrosive strictures of upper alimentary tract are presented. Methods: In successive developed gastric outlet and esophageal strictures a limited Billroth I resection (in 9) or conversion a prior precolic GEA in such anastomosis (in 5) and middle or total gastrectomies (in 3) were performed. A second stage substernal by-pass with isoperistaltic transverse colon segment was done 6 - 12 weeks later. In all but one instances the graft was implanted high in the gastric stump. In extensive burned and retracted such lesion (in 3) a similar by-pass was carried out but the lower anastomosis was done with the not involved prepyloric segement. In concomittant antropyloric and esophageal strictures in 11 young, good risk patients, a limited Billroth I resction and simultaneous colonic bypass was used. In case of accompanied respiratory fistula (in 4) exclusion by-pass was useful for both lesions. The associated pyloric stricture (in 3) was solved at the same time. Side-to-end pharyngocolostomy was used in 4 high thoracocervical strictures. In 8 previously perforated strictures the by-ass was performed 2 months later. Reults: The overall mortality was 4%. The postoperative morbidity was low (8%). All cervical leaks closed spontaneously. Particular late complications required revisional surgery in 12, 5% of cases. Conclusion: In complicated corrosive strictures (esophageal, gastric, fistulas) limited Billoth I resection, isoperistaltic colon by-pass with high gastrocolic anastomosis, good gastric drainage and maintenance of the duodenum in gastrointestinal continuity are the main factors to achieve the best functional results.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted by the author’s university as a scientific peer-reviewed publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in World Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 No.3B, September 2014, has been removed from this site.
基金funded by the State "Major New Drug Creation" Science and Technology Major Special Project Foundation, No. 2009ZX09103-324a grant from the Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Team in University, No. 2012IRTSTHN011
文摘The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon leaf flavonoid was orally administered for 5 days. Results showed that the persimmon leaf fiavonoid significantly improved the content of tissue type plasminogen activator and 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 a in the cerebral cortex, decreased the content of thromboxane B2, and reduced the content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice. Following optical microscopy, persimmon leaf flavonoid was also shown to reduce cell swelling and nuclear hyperchromatism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. These results suggested that persimmon leaf fiavonoid can effectively inhibit brain thrombosis, improve blood supply to the brain and relieve ischemia-induced pathological damage, resulting in brain ischemic tolerance.
文摘Objective: Serum from SSc patients was analyzed centrally to determine ANA patterns and extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) between lcSSc and dcSSc and associations with organ involvement. Methods: 1145 SSc patients had ANA and ENA analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 substrate at a screening serum dilution of 1/160. Most ENA antibodies [Sm. U1-RNP, Ro52, SS-A/Ro60, topoisomeraseI (Topo1), SS-B/La, chromatin, ribosomal P and Jo1] were measured by laser bead immunoassay;and RNA polymerase III (RNAP) by ELISA. Results: ANA was positive in 95% (same in lcSSc, and dcSSc). Centromere pattern was present in 34%, speckled 22%, nucleolar 18%, homogeneous and speckled (H&S) 16%, multiple nuclear dots 6%. Anti-centromere Ab (ACA) occurred in 46% of lcSSc and 11% of dcSSc (P = 0.0001). ENAs that differed between lcSSc and dcSSc subsets were Topo1 (OR 2.4, P = 0.0001) and RNAP (OR 5.6, P 0.0001) more common in dcSSc. Overall, 15% had positive Topo1;usually with a H&S pattern (67%);Topo1 was associated with ILD on CXR (OR 2.3;95% CI 1.5 - 3.5) and HRCT (OR 3.8;95% CI 1.8 - 8.2). RNAP occurred in 18.5% (35.4% in dcSSc vs. 8.9% in lcSSc). Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) was 13 times more likely if RNAP positive;P = 0.0001. ACA was only weakly associated with sPAP > 50 mmHg (OR 1.8;95%CI 1.1 - 3.0). Conclusion: ANA homogeneous pattern alone is rare in SSc;ACA was significantly more common in lcSSc. Many ENAs are equal in lcSSc and dcSSc except RNAP and Topo1. RNAP has the highest OR of SRC. Topo1 is less strongly associated with ILD. Abstract word count: 249, Body word count 1246, Figures 2, Tables 2. Key Messages: 1) 95% of SSc has a positive ANA and ANA patterns in SSc include centromere, nucleolar, and homogeneous and speckled together;2) Most ENAs are equal in both dcSSc and lcSSc except anti RNA polymerase III and topoisomerase I;3) RNA polymerase III has the highest association (odds ratio) with scleroderma renal crisis, topoisomerase I is associated with interstitial lung disease;whereas anticentromere was not associated with elevated pulmonary arterial pressures on echocardiogram.
基金Supported by a research grant from Beaver-Visited International,the manufacturer of the I-ring
文摘BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provides a necessary additive tool in dealing with challenging cataract surgeries with small pupils.AIM To document the safety profile and use of I-ring pupil expansion ring in a clinical practice.METHODS A retrospective chart review of 12 consecutive cases within the same year(2016)of cataract surgeries employing I-ring pupil expansion ring(Beaver-Visitec,International)by a single surgeon at the same ambulatory surgical center was conducted.Demographic,pre-op,intra-op,and post-op data were recorded.Total number of cataract cases performed was also recorded.RESULTS 8 of 12 cases were planned I-ring cases.1 case was decided intraoperatively when femtosecond laser caused the pupil to shrink.The other 3 cases were also decided upon intraoperatively when pupil was deemed to be small.7 patients had IFIS from Flomax use.2 patients had pseudoexfoliation syndrome as the cause of small pupil.2 patients had narrow angles with brunescent cataracts.2 patients had pre-op partial zonular dehiscence.1 patient had 360o of posterior synechiae.2 cases had ruptured posterior capsule that required anterior vitrectomy.No complications were attributed to the pupil expansion ring.A total of 296 cataract surgeries were performed that year by the surgeon,making the rate of pupil ring use 4.1%.CONCLUSION Small pupil requiring pupil expansion ring during cataract surgery is often associated with other challenges,such as brunescent cataract,zonular weakness,and posterior synechiae in this series.I-ring helped to reduce at least one challenge in these difficult cases.
