This study investigated the effects of replacing casein with soy flour on the fatty acids profile and triglycerides metabolism in the liver of rats that were previously fed with normocaloric and hypercaloric diets bas...This study investigated the effects of replacing casein with soy flour on the fatty acids profile and triglycerides metabolism in the liver of rats that were previously fed with normocaloric and hypercaloric diets based on casein. Wistar male rats were used;one group was fed with control diet (AIN-93) and another with hypercaloric diet (AIN-93 with 34.15% sucrose, 42% fat calories) for 9 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups and casein was replaced with soybean in one of them, obtaining CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy), which were fed for 6 weeks. We measured triglycerides in serum, and triglycerides, total lipids, fatty acids profile, the expression of apolipoprotein B (Apo B), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mGPAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) in liver. Histological studies were also performed. When comparing HS vs. HC, a positive effect of soybean flour on hepatic triglycerides deposits was found, possibly through the reduction in DGAT-2 expression (P < 0.01) and the increase in Apo B (P < 0.001) expression. Soybean flour also decreased fat deposits in control diets when compared with casein, decreasing the DGAT-2 (P < 0.001) expression and increasing Apo B (P < 0.001), CPT-1 (P < 0.05) and PPARα (P < 0.01) expressions. Both soy diet subgroups increased unsaturated fatty acids respect to casein diets (P < 0.01). Hepatocytes showed few lipid droplets in HS, whereas a fat deposit in HC was observed. These results suggest that replacing casein with soybean flour in normocaloric and hypercaloric diets reduces triglycerides and improves fatty acids profile in rat liver.展开更多
The carboxymethyl glucan(CMG)obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been highlighted for its beneficial potential,especially for its high antioxidant capacity.Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes o...The carboxymethyl glucan(CMG)obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been highlighted for its beneficial potential,especially for its high antioxidant capacity.Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and are often associated with overweight and dietary intake.On the other hand,supplementation with bioactive foods may be important in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.In this sense,this study evaluated the effect of CMG on anthropometric,oxidative and cardiovascular variables.Wistar rats were divided into three groups:NCT-normal caloric control fed a standard diet;HCT-hypercaloric control;H-CMG-hypercaloric+CMG(20 mg/kg/day)fed a hypercaloric diet for 12 weeks.At the end of the experimental period,anthropometric variables,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,vasorelaxation,platelet aggregation,and systolic blood pressure(SBP)were measured.The results demonstrated that hypercaloric diet induced weight gain,increased oxidative stress,and reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation,as well as increased platelet aggregation levels and SBP.In addition,CMG induced a significant reduction on weight gain(68.3±4.9 vs 111.1±3.8)and tissue(65.3±18.4 vs 176.7±49.7)and platelet ROS production(464.0±99.8 vs 679.0±102.3),leading to improved vasorelaxation,and reduced platelet aggregation.However,CMG treatment did not significantly reduce SBP levels.In this sense,it is reasonable to conclude that CMG was effective in reducing the damage caused by a hypercaloric diet,emerging as a potential compound for the treatment of diseases characterized by these conditions,such as cardiometabolic disorders.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the effects of replacing casein with soy flour on the fatty acids profile and triglycerides metabolism in the liver of rats that were previously fed with normocaloric and hypercaloric diets based on casein. Wistar male rats were used;one group was fed with control diet (AIN-93) and another with hypercaloric diet (AIN-93 with 34.15% sucrose, 42% fat calories) for 9 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups and casein was replaced with soybean in one of them, obtaining CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy), which were fed for 6 weeks. We measured triglycerides in serum, and triglycerides, total lipids, fatty acids profile, the expression of apolipoprotein B (Apo B), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mGPAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) in liver. Histological studies were also performed. When comparing HS vs. HC, a positive effect of soybean flour on hepatic triglycerides deposits was found, possibly through the reduction in DGAT-2 expression (P < 0.01) and the increase in Apo B (P < 0.001) expression. Soybean flour also decreased fat deposits in control diets when compared with casein, decreasing the DGAT-2 (P < 0.001) expression and increasing Apo B (P < 0.001), CPT-1 (P < 0.05) and PPARα (P < 0.01) expressions. Both soy diet subgroups increased unsaturated fatty acids respect to casein diets (P < 0.01). Hepatocytes showed few lipid droplets in HS, whereas a fat deposit in HC was observed. These results suggest that replacing casein with soybean flour in normocaloric and hypercaloric diets reduces triglycerides and improves fatty acids profile in rat liver.
基金the"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development"(CNPq,402745/2021-3,303384/2022-0 and 404506/2023-2)"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel"(CAPES,Financial code 001)the Instituto de Desenvolvimento da Paraíba-IDEP-PB for the financial,technical and infrastructure support.
文摘The carboxymethyl glucan(CMG)obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been highlighted for its beneficial potential,especially for its high antioxidant capacity.Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and are often associated with overweight and dietary intake.On the other hand,supplementation with bioactive foods may be important in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.In this sense,this study evaluated the effect of CMG on anthropometric,oxidative and cardiovascular variables.Wistar rats were divided into three groups:NCT-normal caloric control fed a standard diet;HCT-hypercaloric control;H-CMG-hypercaloric+CMG(20 mg/kg/day)fed a hypercaloric diet for 12 weeks.At the end of the experimental period,anthropometric variables,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,vasorelaxation,platelet aggregation,and systolic blood pressure(SBP)were measured.The results demonstrated that hypercaloric diet induced weight gain,increased oxidative stress,and reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation,as well as increased platelet aggregation levels and SBP.In addition,CMG induced a significant reduction on weight gain(68.3±4.9 vs 111.1±3.8)and tissue(65.3±18.4 vs 176.7±49.7)and platelet ROS production(464.0±99.8 vs 679.0±102.3),leading to improved vasorelaxation,and reduced platelet aggregation.However,CMG treatment did not significantly reduce SBP levels.In this sense,it is reasonable to conclude that CMG was effective in reducing the damage caused by a hypercaloric diet,emerging as a potential compound for the treatment of diseases characterized by these conditions,such as cardiometabolic disorders.
