Norwegian hydropower industry has more than 100 years of experiences in constructing more than4000 km-long unlined pressure shafts and tunnels with maximum static head of 1047 m（equivalent to almost 10.5 MPa） reache...Norwegian hydropower industry has more than 100 years of experiences in constructing more than4000 km-long unlined pressure shafts and tunnels with maximum static head of 1047 m（equivalent to almost 10.5 MPa） reached at unlined pressure tunnel of Nye Tyin project. Experiences gained from construction and operation of these unlined pressure shafts and tunnels were the foundation to develop design criteria and principles applied in Norway and some other countries. In addition to the confinement criteria, Norwegian state-of-the-art design principle for unlined pressure shaft and tunnel is that the minor principal stress at the location of unlined pressure shaft or tunnel should be more than the water pressure in the shaft or tunnel. This condition of the minor principal stress is prerequisite for the hydraulic jacking/splitting not to occur through joints and fractures in rock mass. Another common problem in unlined pressure shafts and tunnels is water leakage through hydraulically splitted joints or pre-existing open joints. This article reviews some of the first attempts of the use of unlined pressure shaft and tunnel concepts in Norway, highlights major failure cases and two successful cases of significance, applies Norwegian criteria to the cases and reviews and evaluates triggering factors for failure.This article further evaluates detailed engineering geology of failure cases and also assesses common geological features that could have aggravated the failure. The minor principal stress is investigated and quantified along unlined shaft and tunnel alignment of six selected project cases by using threedimensional numerical model. Furthermore, conditions of failure through pre-existing open joints by hydraulic jacking and leakage are assessed by using two-dimensional fluid flow analysis. Finally, both favorable and unfavorable ground conditions required for the applicability of Norwegian confinement criteria in locating the unlined pressure shafts and tunnels for geotectonic environment different from that of Norway are highlighted.展开更多
Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overse...Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overseas business. However, the internationalized process of Chinese enterprises is not progressing smoothly. The paper systematically analyzes the risks of China overseas hydropower projects from two aspects： international environment risks and internal risks of hydropower enterprises and points out that effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility by using Guidance on Social Responsibility （ISO26000） could help Chinese hydropower enterprises to deal with overseas risks. In order to help Chinese hydropower enterprises to improve the CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） implementation level, the paper integrates the characteristics of hydropower enterprises with the core subjects of ISO26000, examines the key problems on the CSR work of Chinese hydropower enterprises according to requirements of ISO26000 and puts forward effective advices.展开更多
Dam safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower projects mainly refers to the measures of using various testing equipment to carry out the measurement work in the process of dam operation. By carrying out sa...Dam safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower projects mainly refers to the measures of using various testing equipment to carry out the measurement work in the process of dam operation. By carrying out safety monitoring work, monitoring the status information of the dam project is in real time, so as to grasp the actual operation status of the dam project. The safety monitoring and control of dam projects in water conservancy and hydropower projects will contribute to the development of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China. Based on this paper, this paper studies the safety monitoring technical measures and quality control strategy of water conservancy and hydropower projects for reference.展开更多
In the process of rapid social development, the role of water conservancy and hydropower projects is increasingly prominent. Water conservancy and hydropower projects have obvious complexity because of the many aspect...In the process of rapid social development, the role of water conservancy and hydropower projects is increasingly prominent. Water conservancy and hydropower projects have obvious complexity because of the many aspects involved, and need to apply professional knowledge in many fields. At present, there are still many problems in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, which seriously affect the quality of construction. In view of this, the relevant departments must pay more attention to the safety and quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and promote the improvement of construction safety and quality.展开更多
Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation o...Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.展开更多
In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power genera...In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power generation.However,the governments are now facing the dilemma whether to promote small hydropower projects(SHPs) or encourage large hydropower projects(LHPs).RoR large hydropower projects result into large scale cutting of mountains for constructing tunnels and access roads,generation of huge quantity of muck and large scale impact on flora and fauna due to diversion of rivers/streams.On the other hand,though SHPs are claimed to be greener and more sustainable by a section of researchers and energy planners but,they will be required to be set up in large number to generate equivalent amount of electricity.The aim of this study is to rank the most sustainable installed capacity range of RoR hydropower projects.To achieve this aim,the study proposes the use of quite popular multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method of Operation Research named Analytical Hierarchy Process.A case study has been presented from Himachal Pradesh,a hydro rich state located in the western Himalayan region.As per sustainability assessment carried out in this study,hydropower projects in the capacity range 1 to 5 MW have been ranked to be the most sustainable.展开更多
Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual pre...Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual precipitation, but is significantly reduced after reservoir construction compared to earlier values. Comparisons of intense, pre- and post-construction rainfall events suggest that the Chebahe and Dalongtan reservoir projects respectively clips the magnitude of the flood peaks and delays runoff delivery.展开更多
Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the con...Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the construction management of the project, the point is extremely unfavorable to ensure the quality of the project. Therefore, in order to improve the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and fully reflect their social benefits, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction management of water conservancy and hydropower projects through the analysis of actual cases and investigations, and focuses on the study of countermeasures, in order to provide a reliable basis for staff to carry out their work.展开更多
The article to the problems of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management and improve the strategy as the research object, first of all, expounds the value of water resources and hydropower eng...The article to the problems of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management and improve the strategy as the research object, first of all, expounds the value of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management analysis, then discusses the problems of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management, finally combined with the corresponding problems, puts forward some perfect strategy, hoping to provide certain reference for related studies.展开更多
Water conservancy project has the characteristics of large scale, long construction period, difficult construction, large investment, complex construction organization, many professionals and departments. The project ...Water conservancy project has the characteristics of large scale, long construction period, difficult construction, large investment, complex construction organization, many professionals and departments. The project construction and acceptance are divided into three stages: diversion (closure) of pivotal project, water storage of reservoir sluice and completion acceptance. For water and soil conservation projects, only the completion acceptance of water and soil conservation is carried out before completion, which can not fully and accurately reflect the implementation of water and soil conservation measures and the prevention and control effect of water and soil loss during the implementation of water conservancy and hydropower projects. According to NB/ T35119-2018 "Rules for Acceptance of Water and Soil Conservation Facilities in Hydropower Projects", water conservancy and hydropower projects have successively carried out stage acceptance of water and soil conservation facilities. However, due to the current implementation progress of the main project and the current compilation depth of the water and soil conservation scheme of the project, some problems have been encountered in the stage acceptance process. On this basis, several problems in the stage acceptance of water and soil conservation facilities in water conservancy and hydropower projects are discussed.展开更多
At present, China's infrastructure construction industry is expanding, and water conservancy and hydropower construction projects are also increasing. In the construction process, quality and safety problems are e...At present, China's infrastructure construction industry is expanding, and water conservancy and hydropower construction projects are also increasing. In the construction process, quality and safety problems are easy to occur due to the influence of various factors. Crack in concrete is also a very big problem. If it is not solved as soon as possible, it will also affect the safety and stability of water conservancy and hydropower structures. Therefore, for the construction unit, it is necessary to timely understand the causes of concrete cracks, control and prevent such causes, prevent the further expansion of concrete cracks, and repair the cracks in concrete in time. This paper mainly analyzes the specific causes of concrete cracks, and puts forward some strategies for the prevention and treatment of concrete cracks in water conservancy and hydropower projects, which has a certain reference value for improving the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects.展开更多
In the past thirty years, various hydropower projects, some with a dam height of over 300 m, have been planned and constructed within China. It is inevitable that these will have sizable effects on the environment, an...In the past thirty years, various hydropower projects, some with a dam height of over 300 m, have been planned and constructed within China. It is inevitable that these will have sizable effects on the environment, and it is crucial therefore to reasonably evaluate and control adverse effects. In this paper, the transformities of various items for hydropower projects were systematically analyzed, and an emergy footprint model for the projects was developed based on ecological footprint analyses and emergy theory, so that it can quantitatively evaluate the effects on the environment, both positive and negative, resulting from the whole process of planning, constructing and operating the projects. As an example, the effects of a large-scale hydropower project, the 'LP project', were investigated. The results showed that the hydropower projects have strong positive effects on the environment and can even in the short term balance the emergy footprint appropriation resulting from the construction and operation of the hydropower projects. Finally, suggestions were presented for the design of hydropower projects.展开更多
In recent years, in Vietnam, economy has been developing rapidly. To ensure rapid and sustainable economic growth, strong support from the energy sector is required. Governments in Vietnam have invested in numerous hy...In recent years, in Vietnam, economy has been developing rapidly. To ensure rapid and sustainable economic growth, strong support from the energy sector is required. Governments in Vietnam have invested in numerous hydropower projects, many of which employ the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contract. However, the EPC general contractors are facing many difficulties, resulting in schedule delays and considerable losses. This research is conducted to highlight the main risk factors in the delays of hydropower construction projects in Vietnam. The research employs the method of statistical calculations and risk analysis to obtain feedback from experts participating in similar projects. The research outcomes are as follows: identifying the risks that can cause delays in EPC hydroelectric construction projects in Vietnam;calculating and classifying the degree of impact of each risk to the progress of the construction. The practical significance of this study is to ensure the timely completion of projects, benefits for the investors, and the EPC general contractors.展开更多
In recent years, with the rapid development of society, all industries have made good progress and development, which has played a positive role in promoting the steady development of water conservancy and hydropower ...In recent years, with the rapid development of society, all industries have made good progress and development, which has played a positive role in promoting the steady development of water conservancy and hydropower engineering industry. As far as the actual situation of water conservancy project is concerned, the most prominent features are large-scale project and long construction duration. If there is any unreasonable situation in the water conservancy and hydropower project scheme, it will cause great damage to the ecological environment, which is also the most serious problem in the field of water conservancy and hydropower project. Under the influence of the current concept of sustainable development, it is the most important content in the design of water conservancy and hydropower projects to strengthen the practical protection of the project coverage area. The implementation of this work can also effectively alleviate the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection. Taking ecological water conservancy and people's livelihood water conservancy as the core, comprehensively promote the comprehensive implementation of the concept of soil and water conservation, and give full play to the role of soil erosion prevention and control work. Debris flow, landslide and other natural disasters are usually caused by soil erosion, and will also cause huge economic losses to the people, and even pose a certain threat to the personal safety of the people. The implementation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering design work must take comprehensive consideration of many related factors, and fully combine with the actual situation to prepare a perfect design scheme. This article mainly focuses on the water and soil conservation concepts involved in the design of water conservancy and hydropower projects, hoping to be helpful for the future development of China's water conservancy and hydropower industry.展开更多
High-pressure jet grouting construction technology is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects at present. The application of this construction technology can not only improve the bearing capacity of t...High-pressure jet grouting construction technology is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects at present. The application of this construction technology can not only improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and strengthen the foundation, but also can be applied in anti-seepage construction. Because of its obvious application advantages in water conservancy and hydropower projects, it is highly recognized by construction personnel. The author explores and analyzes the construction technology and technical principle of high-pressure jet grouting, and puts forward the specific application of this construction technology, hoping to help improve the construction level of water conservancy and hydropower projects.展开更多
There are many fracture zones crossing the dam foundation of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project in southwestern China. Clastic rock is the main media of the fracture zone and has poor physical and mechanical properties...There are many fracture zones crossing the dam foundation of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project in southwestern China. Clastic rock is the main media of the fracture zone and has poor physical and mechanical properties. In order to investigate the creep behavior of clastic rock, triaxial creep tests were conducted using a rock servo-controlling rheological testing machine. The results show that the creep behavior of clastic rock is significant at a high level of deviatoric stress, and less time-dependent deformation occurs at high confining pressure. Based on the creep test results, the relationship between axial strain and time under different confining pressures was investigated, and the relationship between axial strain rate and deviatoric stress was also discussed. The strain rate increases rapidly, and the rock sample fails eventually under high deviatoric stress. Moreover, the creep failure mechanism under different confining pressures was analyzed. The main failure mechanism of clastic rock is plastic shear, accompanied by a significant compression and ductile dilatancy. On the other band, with the determined parameters, the Burgers creep model was used to fit the creep curves. The results indicate that the Burgers model can exactly describe the creep behavior of clastic rock in the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project.展开更多
For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitorin...For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high展开更多
A new solution of combination network of GPS and high precise distance measurements with EDM is proposed. Meanwhile, it’s inadvisable only using GPS network without distance measurements. Three schemes: terrestrial n...A new solution of combination network of GPS and high precise distance measurements with EDM is proposed. Meanwhile, it’s inadvisable only using GPS network without distance measurements. Three schemes: terrestrial network, GPS network and combination network are discussed for horizontal control network design of Xiangjiaba Dam in view of precision, reliability, coordinate and outlay in detail.展开更多
In order to consider the time-dependent characteristic of risk factors of hydropower project,the method of stochastic process simulating structure resistance and load effect is adopted.On the basis of analyzing the st...In order to consider the time-dependent characteristic of risk factors of hydropower project,the method of stochastic process simulating structure resistance and load effect is adopted.On the basis of analyzing the structure characteristics and mode of operation,the operation safety risk rate assessment model of hydropower project is established on the comprehensive application of the improved analytic hierarchy process,the time-dependent reliability theory and the risk rate threshold.A scheme to demonstrate the time-dependent risk rate assessment method for an example of the earth-rock dam is particularly implemented by the proposed approach.The example shows that operation safety risk rate is closely related to both the service period and design standard;considering the effect of time-dependent,the risk rate increases with time and the intersection of them reflects the technical service life of structures.It could provide scientific basis for the operation safety and risk decision of the hydropower project by predicting the trend of risk rate via this model.展开更多
文摘Norwegian hydropower industry has more than 100 years of experiences in constructing more than4000 km-long unlined pressure shafts and tunnels with maximum static head of 1047 m（equivalent to almost 10.5 MPa） reached at unlined pressure tunnel of Nye Tyin project. Experiences gained from construction and operation of these unlined pressure shafts and tunnels were the foundation to develop design criteria and principles applied in Norway and some other countries. In addition to the confinement criteria, Norwegian state-of-the-art design principle for unlined pressure shaft and tunnel is that the minor principal stress at the location of unlined pressure shaft or tunnel should be more than the water pressure in the shaft or tunnel. This condition of the minor principal stress is prerequisite for the hydraulic jacking/splitting not to occur through joints and fractures in rock mass. Another common problem in unlined pressure shafts and tunnels is water leakage through hydraulically splitted joints or pre-existing open joints. This article reviews some of the first attempts of the use of unlined pressure shaft and tunnel concepts in Norway, highlights major failure cases and two successful cases of significance, applies Norwegian criteria to the cases and reviews and evaluates triggering factors for failure.This article further evaluates detailed engineering geology of failure cases and also assesses common geological features that could have aggravated the failure. The minor principal stress is investigated and quantified along unlined shaft and tunnel alignment of six selected project cases by using threedimensional numerical model. Furthermore, conditions of failure through pre-existing open joints by hydraulic jacking and leakage are assessed by using two-dimensional fluid flow analysis. Finally, both favorable and unfavorable ground conditions required for the applicability of Norwegian confinement criteria in locating the unlined pressure shafts and tunnels for geotectonic environment different from that of Norway are highlighted.
文摘Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overseas business. However, the internationalized process of Chinese enterprises is not progressing smoothly. The paper systematically analyzes the risks of China overseas hydropower projects from two aspects： international environment risks and internal risks of hydropower enterprises and points out that effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility by using Guidance on Social Responsibility （ISO26000） could help Chinese hydropower enterprises to deal with overseas risks. In order to help Chinese hydropower enterprises to improve the CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） implementation level, the paper integrates the characteristics of hydropower enterprises with the core subjects of ISO26000, examines the key problems on the CSR work of Chinese hydropower enterprises according to requirements of ISO26000 and puts forward effective advices.
文摘Dam safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower projects mainly refers to the measures of using various testing equipment to carry out the measurement work in the process of dam operation. By carrying out safety monitoring work, monitoring the status information of the dam project is in real time, so as to grasp the actual operation status of the dam project. The safety monitoring and control of dam projects in water conservancy and hydropower projects will contribute to the development of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China. Based on this paper, this paper studies the safety monitoring technical measures and quality control strategy of water conservancy and hydropower projects for reference.
文摘In the process of rapid social development, the role of water conservancy and hydropower projects is increasingly prominent. Water conservancy and hydropower projects have obvious complexity because of the many aspects involved, and need to apply professional knowledge in many fields. At present, there are still many problems in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, which seriously affect the quality of construction. In view of this, the relevant departments must pay more attention to the safety and quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and promote the improvement of construction safety and quality.
文摘Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.
文摘In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power generation.However,the governments are now facing the dilemma whether to promote small hydropower projects(SHPs) or encourage large hydropower projects(LHPs).RoR large hydropower projects result into large scale cutting of mountains for constructing tunnels and access roads,generation of huge quantity of muck and large scale impact on flora and fauna due to diversion of rivers/streams.On the other hand,though SHPs are claimed to be greener and more sustainable by a section of researchers and energy planners but,they will be required to be set up in large number to generate equivalent amount of electricity.The aim of this study is to rank the most sustainable installed capacity range of RoR hydropower projects.To achieve this aim,the study proposes the use of quite popular multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method of Operation Research named Analytical Hierarchy Process.A case study has been presented from Himachal Pradesh,a hydro rich state located in the western Himalayan region.As per sustainability assessment carried out in this study,hydropower projects in the capacity range 1 to 5 MW have been ranked to be the most sustainable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31460132)the Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (No. Q20122901)
文摘Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual precipitation, but is significantly reduced after reservoir construction compared to earlier values. Comparisons of intense, pre- and post-construction rainfall events suggest that the Chebahe and Dalongtan reservoir projects respectively clips the magnitude of the flood peaks and delays runoff delivery.
文摘Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the construction management of the project, the point is extremely unfavorable to ensure the quality of the project. Therefore, in order to improve the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and fully reflect their social benefits, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction management of water conservancy and hydropower projects through the analysis of actual cases and investigations, and focuses on the study of countermeasures, in order to provide a reliable basis for staff to carry out their work.
文摘The article to the problems of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management and improve the strategy as the research object, first of all, expounds the value of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management analysis, then discusses the problems of water resources and hydropower engineering construction management, finally combined with the corresponding problems, puts forward some perfect strategy, hoping to provide certain reference for related studies.
文摘Water conservancy project has the characteristics of large scale, long construction period, difficult construction, large investment, complex construction organization, many professionals and departments. The project construction and acceptance are divided into three stages: diversion (closure) of pivotal project, water storage of reservoir sluice and completion acceptance. For water and soil conservation projects, only the completion acceptance of water and soil conservation is carried out before completion, which can not fully and accurately reflect the implementation of water and soil conservation measures and the prevention and control effect of water and soil loss during the implementation of water conservancy and hydropower projects. According to NB/ T35119-2018 "Rules for Acceptance of Water and Soil Conservation Facilities in Hydropower Projects", water conservancy and hydropower projects have successively carried out stage acceptance of water and soil conservation facilities. However, due to the current implementation progress of the main project and the current compilation depth of the water and soil conservation scheme of the project, some problems have been encountered in the stage acceptance process. On this basis, several problems in the stage acceptance of water and soil conservation facilities in water conservancy and hydropower projects are discussed.
文摘At present, China's infrastructure construction industry is expanding, and water conservancy and hydropower construction projects are also increasing. In the construction process, quality and safety problems are easy to occur due to the influence of various factors. Crack in concrete is also a very big problem. If it is not solved as soon as possible, it will also affect the safety and stability of water conservancy and hydropower structures. Therefore, for the construction unit, it is necessary to timely understand the causes of concrete cracks, control and prevent such causes, prevent the further expansion of concrete cracks, and repair the cracks in concrete in time. This paper mainly analyzes the specific causes of concrete cracks, and puts forward some strategies for the prevention and treatment of concrete cracks in water conservancy and hydropower projects, which has a certain reference value for improving the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education Foundation in China (Grant No. 108177)
文摘In the past thirty years, various hydropower projects, some with a dam height of over 300 m, have been planned and constructed within China. It is inevitable that these will have sizable effects on the environment, and it is crucial therefore to reasonably evaluate and control adverse effects. In this paper, the transformities of various items for hydropower projects were systematically analyzed, and an emergy footprint model for the projects was developed based on ecological footprint analyses and emergy theory, so that it can quantitatively evaluate the effects on the environment, both positive and negative, resulting from the whole process of planning, constructing and operating the projects. As an example, the effects of a large-scale hydropower project, the 'LP project', were investigated. The results showed that the hydropower projects have strong positive effects on the environment and can even in the short term balance the emergy footprint appropriation resulting from the construction and operation of the hydropower projects. Finally, suggestions were presented for the design of hydropower projects.
文摘In recent years, in Vietnam, economy has been developing rapidly. To ensure rapid and sustainable economic growth, strong support from the energy sector is required. Governments in Vietnam have invested in numerous hydropower projects, many of which employ the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contract. However, the EPC general contractors are facing many difficulties, resulting in schedule delays and considerable losses. This research is conducted to highlight the main risk factors in the delays of hydropower construction projects in Vietnam. The research employs the method of statistical calculations and risk analysis to obtain feedback from experts participating in similar projects. The research outcomes are as follows: identifying the risks that can cause delays in EPC hydroelectric construction projects in Vietnam;calculating and classifying the degree of impact of each risk to the progress of the construction. The practical significance of this study is to ensure the timely completion of projects, benefits for the investors, and the EPC general contractors.
文摘In recent years, with the rapid development of society, all industries have made good progress and development, which has played a positive role in promoting the steady development of water conservancy and hydropower engineering industry. As far as the actual situation of water conservancy project is concerned, the most prominent features are large-scale project and long construction duration. If there is any unreasonable situation in the water conservancy and hydropower project scheme, it will cause great damage to the ecological environment, which is also the most serious problem in the field of water conservancy and hydropower project. Under the influence of the current concept of sustainable development, it is the most important content in the design of water conservancy and hydropower projects to strengthen the practical protection of the project coverage area. The implementation of this work can also effectively alleviate the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection. Taking ecological water conservancy and people's livelihood water conservancy as the core, comprehensively promote the comprehensive implementation of the concept of soil and water conservation, and give full play to the role of soil erosion prevention and control work. Debris flow, landslide and other natural disasters are usually caused by soil erosion, and will also cause huge economic losses to the people, and even pose a certain threat to the personal safety of the people. The implementation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering design work must take comprehensive consideration of many related factors, and fully combine with the actual situation to prepare a perfect design scheme. This article mainly focuses on the water and soil conservation concepts involved in the design of water conservancy and hydropower projects, hoping to be helpful for the future development of China's water conservancy and hydropower industry.
文摘High-pressure jet grouting construction technology is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects at present. The application of this construction technology can not only improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and strengthen the foundation, but also can be applied in anti-seepage construction. Because of its obvious application advantages in water conservancy and hydropower projects, it is highly recognized by construction personnel. The author explores and analyzes the construction technology and technical principle of high-pressure jet grouting, and puts forward the specific application of this construction technology, hoping to help improve the construction level of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51409261 and 11172090)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grants No.ZR2014EEQ014)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Qingdao City(Grant No.14-2-4-67-jch)
文摘There are many fracture zones crossing the dam foundation of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project in southwestern China. Clastic rock is the main media of the fracture zone and has poor physical and mechanical properties. In order to investigate the creep behavior of clastic rock, triaxial creep tests were conducted using a rock servo-controlling rheological testing machine. The results show that the creep behavior of clastic rock is significant at a high level of deviatoric stress, and less time-dependent deformation occurs at high confining pressure. Based on the creep test results, the relationship between axial strain and time under different confining pressures was investigated, and the relationship between axial strain rate and deviatoric stress was also discussed. The strain rate increases rapidly, and the rock sample fails eventually under high deviatoric stress. Moreover, the creep failure mechanism under different confining pressures was analyzed. The main failure mechanism of clastic rock is plastic shear, accompanied by a significant compression and ductile dilatancy. On the other band, with the determined parameters, the Burgers creep model was used to fit the creep curves. The results indicate that the Burgers model can exactly describe the creep behavior of clastic rock in the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51179108and50909066)the Key Research Foundation of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute(Grant No.Y711007)
文摘For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high
基金Supported bythe National 973 Programof China(No.2003CB716705) International Cooperative Fund of European Union(No.EVGI-CT-2002-00061) .
文摘A new solution of combination network of GPS and high precise distance measurements with EDM is proposed. Meanwhile, it’s inadvisable only using GPS network without distance measurements. Three schemes: terrestrial network, GPS network and combination network are discussed for horizontal control network design of Xiangjiaba Dam in view of precision, reliability, coordinate and outlay in detail.
基金Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51021004)
文摘In order to consider the time-dependent characteristic of risk factors of hydropower project,the method of stochastic process simulating structure resistance and load effect is adopted.On the basis of analyzing the structure characteristics and mode of operation,the operation safety risk rate assessment model of hydropower project is established on the comprehensive application of the improved analytic hierarchy process,the time-dependent reliability theory and the risk rate threshold.A scheme to demonstrate the time-dependent risk rate assessment method for an example of the earth-rock dam is particularly implemented by the proposed approach.The example shows that operation safety risk rate is closely related to both the service period and design standard;considering the effect of time-dependent,the risk rate increases with time and the intersection of them reflects the technical service life of structures.It could provide scientific basis for the operation safety and risk decision of the hydropower project by predicting the trend of risk rate via this model.
