A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)...A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)S,metallic copper converts chalcopyrite into bornite(Cu_(5)FeS_(4)).However,the introduction of H_(2)S promotes the formation of chalcocite(Cu_(2)S)by altering the oxidation pathway of copper.Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the presence of H₂S significantly reduces the corrosion potential of copper from 0.251 to−0.223 V(vs SHE),reaching the threshold necessary for the formation of Cu_(2)S.Nevertheless,excessive H_(2)S triggers sulfate reduction via the reaction of 8Cu+H_(2)SO_(4)+3H_(2)S=4Cu_(2)S+4H_(2)O(ΔG=−519.429 kJ/mol at 50℃),leading to inefficient copper utilization.展开更多
The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular an...The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quinolinic acid contributes to Huntington's disease pathology remain unknown. In this study, we established in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington's disease by administering quinolinic acid to the PC12 neuronal cell line and the striatum of mice, respectively. We observed a decrease in the levels of hydrogen sulfide in both PC12 cells and mouse serum, which was accompanied by down-regulation of cystathionine β-synthase, an enzyme responsible for hydrogen sulfide production. However, treatment with NaHS(a hydrogen sulfide donor) increased hydrogen sulfide levels in the neurons and in mouse serum, as well as cystathionine β-synthase expression in the neurons and the mouse striatum, while also improving oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells and the mouse striatum. These beneficial effects correlated with upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. Finally, treatment with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2inhibitor ML385 reversed the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings show that hydrogen sulfide reduces oxidative stress in Huntington's disease by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is a novel neuroprotective drug candidate for treating patients with Huntington's disease.展开更多
Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether ...Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether as the recognized site for H_(2)S.The probe TCF-NS displayed a rapid-response fluorescent against H_(2)S with high sensitivity and selection but had no significant fluorescence response to other biothiols.Furthermore,TCF-NS was applied to sense H_(2)S in living cells successfully with minimized cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift.展开更多
Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology...Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.展开更多
Objective To explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of H_(2)S against lipid peroxidation-mediated carbonyl stress in the uranium-treated NRK-52E cells.Methods Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8...Objective To explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of H_(2)S against lipid peroxidation-mediated carbonyl stress in the uranium-treated NRK-52E cells.Methods Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Reagent kits were used to detect carbonyl stress markers malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and protein carbonylation. Aldehyde-protein adduct formation and alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, aldo-keto reductase, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and cystathionine β-synthase(CBS) expression were determined using western blotting or real-time PCR. Sulforaphane(SFP) was used to activate Nrf2. RNA interference was used to inhibit CBS expression.Results GYY4137(an H_(2)S donor) pretreatment significantly reversed the uranium-induced increase in carbonyl stress markers and aldehyde-protein adducts. GYY4137 effectively restored the uraniumdecreased Nrf2 expression, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2, accompanied by a reversal of the uranium-decreased expression of CBS and aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes. The application of CBS siRNA efficiently abrogated the SFP-enhanced effects on the expression of CBS, Nrf2 activation, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2 and concomitantly reversed the SFP-enhanced effects of the uranium-induced mRNA expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes.Simultaneously, CBS siRNA reversed the SFP-mediated alleviation of the uranium-induced increase in reactive aldehyde levels, apoptosis rates, and uranium-induced cell viability.Conclusion H_(2)S induces Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation, which modulates the expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes and the CBS/H_(2)S axis. Simultaneously, the Nrf2-controlled CBS/H_(2)S axis may at least partially promote Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. These events form a cycleregulating mode through which H_(2)S attenuates the carbonyl stress-mediated NRK-52E cytotoxicity triggered by uranium.展开更多
High concentration of secondary hydrogen sulfide(sH_(2)S) in thermal recovery reservoirs of Liaohe Oilfield,NE China was concluded to originate from thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR),and no biotic source of H_(2)S...High concentration of secondary hydrogen sulfide(sH_(2)S) in thermal recovery reservoirs of Liaohe Oilfield,NE China was concluded to originate from thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR),and no biotic source of H_(2)S under abundant biomass has been reported in these presumed steam sterilized reservoirs ever before.In this study,we propose a new mechanism,biomass thermal decomposition for sulfur compounds(BTDS),to interpret the increasing of sH_(2)S.Sulfur of cells' dry weight took 0.20%-1.92% of the active strains isolated from the in-situ thermal recovery reservoirs of Liaohe Oilfield.When microbial organic sulfur compounds(MOSC) in biomass were exposed to injected steam,it resulted in the BTDS process.The isolated Bacillus subtilis D3(G+) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa XJ14(G-) were chosen to simulate this process.About 36% of sulfur in MOSC emitted as H_(2)S in steam chamber by BTDS.The δ^(34)S of H_(2)S from produced gas ranged from 8.7‰ to 17.0‰,close to the δ^(34)S of H_(2)S 11.2‰ from BTDS simulation experiment.It provides new insight into the contribution and sulfur cycle made by subterranean microorganisms on H_(2)S formation.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is the third gaseous signaling molecule discovered in recent years, and plays an important physiological role in the cardivascular system. To explore the effects of different doses of exogenou...Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is the third gaseous signaling molecule discovered in recent years, and plays an important physiological role in the cardivascular system. To explore the effects of different doses of exogenous H2S on the electrocardiogram （ECG） of rats generally anesthetized by zoletil, different doses of NariS solution were used for the intervention of intraperitoneal injection 20 rain before the zoletil anesthesia. The ECGs of rats from each treatment group during the time range of 10^th-50^th min were determined under general anesthesia, and then were compared with those from the control group. The results showed that exogenous H2S could significantly reduce the Q-T interval time limit, thus played a role in slowing tachycardia or arrhythmia and other anomalies, thereby protecting the heart. S-T segment and T segment evaluation values were significantly reduced, which might be associated with bradycardia.展开更多
In order to provide help for the accurate application of biogas slurry in the field, the application of biogas slurry and control technology of hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry were reviewed. Results of recent resear...In order to provide help for the accurate application of biogas slurry in the field, the application of biogas slurry and control technology of hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry were reviewed. Results of recent researches suggested that source control and end-treatment were the two measures to remove hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry, including physical method, chemical method and biological method. Some conventional deodorizing methods were introduced and compared.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a toxic,essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter.These studies have mainly focus...Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a toxic,essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter.These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H_(2)S.Therefore,effective strategies to remove H_(2)S has become a key research topic.Furthermore,the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H_(2)S.This paper was performed to review the association between H_(2)S anddisease,relatedH_(2)S inhibitory drugs,aswell as H_(2)S responsive nanoplatforms(HRNs).This review first analyzed the role of H_(2)S in multiple tissues and conditions.Second,common drugs used to eliminate H_(2)S,as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents,were summarized.Not only the existing studies on HRNs,but also the inhibition H_(2)S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review.Furthermore,this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail.Finally,potential challenges of HRNs were proposed.This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.展开更多
The relationship between hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in myocardial infarction （MI） has not been previously reported. In the current investigation, we sought to determine the roles of both H2S an...The relationship between hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in myocardial infarction （MI） has not been previously reported. In the current investigation, we sought to determine the roles of both H2S and NO in MI in rats. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）, sildenafil, saline, propargylglycine （PAG） and L-cysteine, respectively, for 1 week prior to performing MI surgery or sham operation. The mortality rates were lower in sildenafil and L-cysteine treated rats in the MI group. The infarct area was significantly reduced in sildenafil and L-cysteine treated rats. Moreover, plasma H2S measurements revealed that the level in the sildenafil treated group was lower than in the L-NAME treated MI group, which was consistent with an observed decrease in cystathionine gamma-lyase （CSE） enzyme activity. CSE protein expression level in the L-NAME treated MI group was significantly higher than in sildenafil treated MI group. eNOS protein content in the L-cysteine treated MI group was lower than in the PAG treated MI group and eNOS gene expression is significantly decreased in the L-cysteine treated rats. We demonstrated that endogenous H2S and NO are cardioprotective in the rat model of MI. Indeed, both the H2S-CSE and NO-NOS system appear to have a mutual down-regulation effect in MI process in our experimental rat model.展开更多
The reaction of laser-ablated vanadium, niobium and tantalum atoms with hydrogen sulfide has been investigated using matrix isolation FTIR and theoretical calculations. The metal atoms inserted into the H-S bond of H2...The reaction of laser-ablated vanadium, niobium and tantalum atoms with hydrogen sulfide has been investigated using matrix isolation FTIR and theoretical calculations. The metal atoms inserted into the H-S bond of H2S to form the HMSH molecules （M=V, Nb, Ta）, which rearranged to H2MS molecules on annealing for Nb and Ta. The HMSH molecule can also further react with another H2S to form the H2M（SH）2 molecules. These new molecules were identified on the basis of the D2S and H234S isotopic substitutions. DFT （B3LYP and BPW91） theoretical calculations are used to predict energies, geometries, and vibrational frequencies for these novel metal dihydrido complexes and molecules. Reaction mechanism for formation of group V dihydrido complex was investigated by DFT internal reaction coordinate calculations. The dissociation of HVSH gave VS＋H2 on broad band irradiation and reverse reaction happened on annealing. Based on B3LYP calculation releasing hydrogen from HVSH is endothermic only by 13.5 kcal/mol with lower energy barrier of 16.9 kcal/mol.展开更多
Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic （LSCM）, and spectrophotographic approaches were used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in signaling transduction of stomatal ...Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic （LSCM）, and spectrophotographic approaches were used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in signaling transduction of stomatal movement in response to ethylene in Viciafaba L. Ethylene treatment resulted in the dose-dependent stomatal closure under light, and this effect was blocked by the inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis in V. faba L. Additionally, ethylene induces H2S generation and increases L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase （pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme） activity in leaves of V. faba L. Inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis have no effect on the ethylene-induced stomatal closure, NO accumulation, and nitrate reductase （NR） activity in guard cells or leaves of II. faba L. Moreover, the ethylene-induced increase of H2S levels and L-/D- cysteine desulfhydrase activity declined when NO generation was inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that H2S and NO probably are involved in the signal transduction pathway of ethylene-induced stomatal closure. H2S may represent a novel component downstream of NO in the ethylene-induced stomatal movement in V. faba L.展开更多
This study on the cytological changes of the body wall,aspiratory intestine and crissal bursa in Urechis unicinctus by light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the difference betwee...This study on the cytological changes of the body wall,aspiratory intestine and crissal bursa in Urechis unicinctus by light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the difference between the body wall and the natural environment rich in H 2S was not obvious; that the wall color of the aspiratory intestine in H 2S rich environment changed from normal semitransparency to dark brown; that its epithelia were disassembled and the electron density of its cytoplasm matrix was lower; and that in H 2S rich environment many basophilic granules occurred in the epithelia of the crissal bursa. Granules with single membrane and myelinefingure were found with TEM.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) is regarded to be a protectant against diseases of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.However, the mechanism by which H_2S elicits neuroprotective effects in the progression of...Hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) is regarded to be a protectant against diseases of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.However, the mechanism by which H_2S elicits neuroprotective effects in the progression of Parkinson's disease(PD) remains unclear.To investigate the role of H_2S in delaying the pathological process of PD, we used the most common sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS) as an H_2S donor and established a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid(MPTP/p) in the present study.Our results show that H_2S reduced neuronal loss during the progression of PD.Notably, we found that H_2S exhibited protective effects on dopaminergic neurons.Excitingly, H_2S also increased the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone.Next, we evaluated whether the neuroprotective effects of H_2S on dopaminergic neurons in PD are dependent on adult nerve regeneration by treating primary adult neural stem cells cultured ex vivo with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine.Our results show that H_2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells.These findings confirm that H_2S can increase neurogenesis in an adult mouse model of PD by regulating the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University, China(IACUC Approval No.1601153-3).展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates expression of liver cystathionase (CSE), a gene involved in hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) generation. METHODS: The regulation of CSE expression in respons...AIM: To investigate whether the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates expression of liver cystathionase (CSE), a gene involved in hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) generation. METHODS: The regulation of CSE expression in response to FXR ligands was evaluated in HepG2 cells and in wild-type and FXR null mice treated with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6E-CDCA), a synthetic FXR ligand. The analysis demonstrated an FXR responsive element in the 5'-flanking region of the human CSE gene. The function of this site was investigated by luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Livers obtained from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride alone, or in combination with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, were studied for hydrogen sulphide generation and portal pressure measurement. RESULTS: Liver expression of CSE is regulated by bile acids by means of an FXR-mediated mechanism. Western blotting, qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, as well as immunohistochemical analysis, showed that expression of CSE in HepG2 cells and in mice is induced by treatment with an FXR ligand. Administration of 6E-CDCA to carbon tetrachloride treated rats protected against the down-regulation of CSE expression, increased H2S generation, reduced portal pressure and attenuated the endothelial dysfunction of isolated and perfused cirrhotic rat livers. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CSE is an FXR-regulated gene and provide a new molecular explanation for the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.展开更多
Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques containing activated microg...Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques containing activated microglia and amyloid β-peptides （Aβ）. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） on neuroinflammation in rats with Aβ1-40 hippocampal injection. We found that Aβ-induced rats exhibited a disorder of pyramidal cell layer arrangement, and a decrease of mean pyramidal cell number in the CA1 hippocampal region compared with those in sham operated rats. NaHS （a donor of H2S, 5.6 mg/kg/d, i.p.） treatment for 3 weeks rescued neuronal cell death significantly. Moreover, we found that H2S dramatically suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Consistently, both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays showed that H2S inhibited the upregulation of COX-2 and the activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our data indicate that H2S suppresses neuroinflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway in the Aβ-induced rat model and has potential value for AD therapy.展开更多
In the present study, a series of novel nitric oxide-hydrogen sulfide releasing derivatives of(S)-3-n-butylphthalide((S)-NBP) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential antiplatelet agents. Compound NOSH-N...In the present study, a series of novel nitric oxide-hydrogen sulfide releasing derivatives of(S)-3-n-butylphthalide((S)-NBP) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential antiplatelet agents. Compound NOSH-NBP-5 displayed the strongest activity in inhibiting the arachidonic acid(AA)- and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, with 3.8- and 7.0-fold more effectiveness than(S)-NBP, respectively. Furthermore, NOSH-NBP-5 could release moderate levels of NO and H2 S, which would be beneficial in improving cardiovascular and cerebral circulation. Moreover, NOSH-NBP-5 could release(S)-NBP when incubated with rat brain homogenate. In conclusion, these findings may provide new insights into the development of novel antiplatelet agents for the treatment of thrombosis-related ischemic stroke.展开更多
The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for...The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for in situ removal of sulfur condensed inside the reactor walls. The dissociation of H2S was primarily initiated by the excitation of carder gas （At） through electron collisions which appeared to be the rate determining step. The experiments were carded out with initial concentration of H2S varied between 5 and 25 vol% at 150 mL/min （at standard temperature and pressure） flow rate in the input power range of 0.5 to 2 W. The reaction rate model based on continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） model failed to explain the global kinetics of H2S decomposition, probably due to the multiple complex reactions involved in H2S decomposition, whereas Michaelis-Menten model was satisfactory. Typical results indicated that the reaction order approached zero with increasing inlet concentration.展开更多
AIMTo explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) on restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric lesions in rats and the influence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassiu...AIMTo explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) on restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric lesions in rats and the influence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K<sub>ATP</sub>) channels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway on such an effect.METHODSMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a physiological saline (PS) group, a sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, a glibenclamide (Gl) group, Gl plus NaHS group, a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group, and a PDTC plus NaHS group. Gastric mucosal injury was induced by RWIS for 3 h in rats, and gastric mucosal damage was analyzed after that. The PS, NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg or 150 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight), and PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight) were respectively injected intravenously before RWIS.RESULTSRWIS induced serious gastric lesions in the rats in the PS pretreatment group. The pretreatment of NaHS (a H<sub>2</sub>S donor) significantly reduced the damage induced by RWIS. The gastric protective effect of the NaHS during RWIS was attenuated by PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, and also by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that exogenous H<sub>2</sub>S plays a protective role against RWIS injury in rats, possibly through modulation of K<sub>ATP</sub> channel opening and the NF-κB dependent pathway.展开更多
The present study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusi...The present study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats via the suture method. Ten minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with hydrogen sulfide donor compound sodium hydrosulfide. Immunofluorescence revealed that the immunoreactivity of P2X7 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased with hydrogen sulfide treatment. Furthermore, treatment of these rats with hydrogen sulfide significantly lowered mortality, the Longa neurological deficit scores, and infarct volume. These results indicate that hydrogen sulfide may be protective in rats with local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of P2X7 receptors.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC2105300)。
文摘A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)S,metallic copper converts chalcopyrite into bornite(Cu_(5)FeS_(4)).However,the introduction of H_(2)S promotes the formation of chalcocite(Cu_(2)S)by altering the oxidation pathway of copper.Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the presence of H₂S significantly reduces the corrosion potential of copper from 0.251 to−0.223 V(vs SHE),reaching the threshold necessary for the formation of Cu_(2)S.Nevertheless,excessive H_(2)S triggers sulfate reduction via the reaction of 8Cu+H_(2)SO_(4)+3H_(2)S=4Cu_(2)S+4H_(2)O(ΔG=−519.429 kJ/mol at 50℃),leading to inefficient copper utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271327 (to ZW),82072535 (to ZW),81873768 (to ZW),and 82001253 (to TL)。
文摘The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quinolinic acid contributes to Huntington's disease pathology remain unknown. In this study, we established in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington's disease by administering quinolinic acid to the PC12 neuronal cell line and the striatum of mice, respectively. We observed a decrease in the levels of hydrogen sulfide in both PC12 cells and mouse serum, which was accompanied by down-regulation of cystathionine β-synthase, an enzyme responsible for hydrogen sulfide production. However, treatment with NaHS(a hydrogen sulfide donor) increased hydrogen sulfide levels in the neurons and in mouse serum, as well as cystathionine β-synthase expression in the neurons and the mouse striatum, while also improving oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells and the mouse striatum. These beneficial effects correlated with upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. Finally, treatment with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2inhibitor ML385 reversed the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings show that hydrogen sulfide reduces oxidative stress in Huntington's disease by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is a novel neuroprotective drug candidate for treating patients with Huntington's disease.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20241181)the State Key Laboratory of AnalyticalChemistry for Life Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University(Grant No.SKLACLS2419)。
文摘Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether as the recognized site for H_(2)S.The probe TCF-NS displayed a rapid-response fluorescent against H_(2)S with high sensitivity and selection but had no significant fluorescence response to other biothiols.Furthermore,TCF-NS was applied to sense H_(2)S in living cells successfully with minimized cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift.
文摘Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160627)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangxi Autonomous Region(No.2020GXNFSAA297262)。
文摘Objective To explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of H_(2)S against lipid peroxidation-mediated carbonyl stress in the uranium-treated NRK-52E cells.Methods Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Reagent kits were used to detect carbonyl stress markers malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and protein carbonylation. Aldehyde-protein adduct formation and alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, aldo-keto reductase, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and cystathionine β-synthase(CBS) expression were determined using western blotting or real-time PCR. Sulforaphane(SFP) was used to activate Nrf2. RNA interference was used to inhibit CBS expression.Results GYY4137(an H_(2)S donor) pretreatment significantly reversed the uranium-induced increase in carbonyl stress markers and aldehyde-protein adducts. GYY4137 effectively restored the uraniumdecreased Nrf2 expression, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2, accompanied by a reversal of the uranium-decreased expression of CBS and aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes. The application of CBS siRNA efficiently abrogated the SFP-enhanced effects on the expression of CBS, Nrf2 activation, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2 and concomitantly reversed the SFP-enhanced effects of the uranium-induced mRNA expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes.Simultaneously, CBS siRNA reversed the SFP-mediated alleviation of the uranium-induced increase in reactive aldehyde levels, apoptosis rates, and uranium-induced cell viability.Conclusion H_(2)S induces Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation, which modulates the expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes and the CBS/H_(2)S axis. Simultaneously, the Nrf2-controlled CBS/H_(2)S axis may at least partially promote Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. These events form a cycleregulating mode through which H_(2)S attenuates the carbonyl stress-mediated NRK-52E cytotoxicity triggered by uranium.
文摘High concentration of secondary hydrogen sulfide(sH_(2)S) in thermal recovery reservoirs of Liaohe Oilfield,NE China was concluded to originate from thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR),and no biotic source of H_(2)S under abundant biomass has been reported in these presumed steam sterilized reservoirs ever before.In this study,we propose a new mechanism,biomass thermal decomposition for sulfur compounds(BTDS),to interpret the increasing of sH_(2)S.Sulfur of cells' dry weight took 0.20%-1.92% of the active strains isolated from the in-situ thermal recovery reservoirs of Liaohe Oilfield.When microbial organic sulfur compounds(MOSC) in biomass were exposed to injected steam,it resulted in the BTDS process.The isolated Bacillus subtilis D3(G+) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa XJ14(G-) were chosen to simulate this process.About 36% of sulfur in MOSC emitted as H_(2)S in steam chamber by BTDS.The δ^(34)S of H_(2)S from produced gas ranged from 8.7‰ to 17.0‰,close to the δ^(34)S of H_(2)S 11.2‰ from BTDS simulation experiment.It provides new insight into the contribution and sulfur cycle made by subterranean microorganisms on H_(2)S formation.
文摘Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is the third gaseous signaling molecule discovered in recent years, and plays an important physiological role in the cardivascular system. To explore the effects of different doses of exogenous H2S on the electrocardiogram （ECG） of rats generally anesthetized by zoletil, different doses of NariS solution were used for the intervention of intraperitoneal injection 20 rain before the zoletil anesthesia. The ECGs of rats from each treatment group during the time range of 10^th-50^th min were determined under general anesthesia, and then were compared with those from the control group. The results showed that exogenous H2S could significantly reduce the Q-T interval time limit, thus played a role in slowing tachycardia or arrhythmia and other anomalies, thereby protecting the heart. S-T segment and T segment evaluation values were significantly reduced, which might be associated with bradycardia.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD14B00)~~
文摘In order to provide help for the accurate application of biogas slurry in the field, the application of biogas slurry and control technology of hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry were reviewed. Results of recent researches suggested that source control and end-treatment were the two measures to remove hydrogen sulfide in biogas slurry, including physical method, chemical method and biological method. Some conventional deodorizing methods were introduced and compared.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(contract No.2019YFA0904800)National Nature Science Foundation of China(32030065,31722033,92049304 to Y.Z.)+5 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(contract No.21YF1410300)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(contract No.10DZ2220500)The Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(grant No.11DZ2260600)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for CellMetabolism(Y.Z.)Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,2019-I2M-5-013 to Y.Z.)the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a toxic,essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter.These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H_(2)S.Therefore,effective strategies to remove H_(2)S has become a key research topic.Furthermore,the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H_(2)S.This paper was performed to review the association between H_(2)S anddisease,relatedH_(2)S inhibitory drugs,aswell as H_(2)S responsive nanoplatforms(HRNs).This review first analyzed the role of H_(2)S in multiple tissues and conditions.Second,common drugs used to eliminate H_(2)S,as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents,were summarized.Not only the existing studies on HRNs,but also the inhibition H_(2)S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review.Furthermore,this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail.Finally,potential challenges of HRNs were proposed.This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30672460 and 30772565)Shanghai Pujiang Research Grants (06PJ14018)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project (Grant No. 2007CB512006)
文摘The relationship between hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in myocardial infarction （MI） has not been previously reported. In the current investigation, we sought to determine the roles of both H2S and NO in MI in rats. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）, sildenafil, saline, propargylglycine （PAG） and L-cysteine, respectively, for 1 week prior to performing MI surgery or sham operation. The mortality rates were lower in sildenafil and L-cysteine treated rats in the MI group. The infarct area was significantly reduced in sildenafil and L-cysteine treated rats. Moreover, plasma H2S measurements revealed that the level in the sildenafil treated group was lower than in the L-NAME treated MI group, which was consistent with an observed decrease in cystathionine gamma-lyase （CSE） enzyme activity. CSE protein expression level in the L-NAME treated MI group was significantly higher than in sildenafil treated MI group. eNOS protein content in the L-cysteine treated MI group was lower than in the PAG treated MI group and eNOS gene expression is significantly decreased in the L-cysteine treated rats. We demonstrated that endogenous H2S and NO are cardioprotective in the rat model of MI. Indeed, both the H2S-CSE and NO-NOS system appear to have a mutual down-regulation effect in MI process in our experimental rat model.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21173158 and No.21373152） and the Ministry of Science and Tech- nology of China （No.2012YQ220113-7）.
文摘The reaction of laser-ablated vanadium, niobium and tantalum atoms with hydrogen sulfide has been investigated using matrix isolation FTIR and theoretical calculations. The metal atoms inserted into the H-S bond of H2S to form the HMSH molecules （M=V, Nb, Ta）, which rearranged to H2MS molecules on annealing for Nb and Ta. The HMSH molecule can also further react with another H2S to form the H2M（SH）2 molecules. These new molecules were identified on the basis of the D2S and H234S isotopic substitutions. DFT （B3LYP and BPW91） theoretical calculations are used to predict energies, geometries, and vibrational frequencies for these novel metal dihydrido complexes and molecules. Reaction mechanism for formation of group V dihydrido complex was investigated by DFT internal reaction coordinate calculations. The dissociation of HVSH gave VS＋H2 on broad band irradiation and reverse reaction happened on annealing. Based on B3LYP calculation releasing hydrogen from HVSH is endothermic only by 13.5 kcal/mol with lower energy barrier of 16.9 kcal/mol.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970288 and 31170237)the National Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China(ZR2010CM024)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China(SKLPPBKF11001)
文摘Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic （LSCM）, and spectrophotographic approaches were used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in signaling transduction of stomatal movement in response to ethylene in Viciafaba L. Ethylene treatment resulted in the dose-dependent stomatal closure under light, and this effect was blocked by the inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis in V. faba L. Additionally, ethylene induces H2S generation and increases L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase （pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme） activity in leaves of V. faba L. Inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis have no effect on the ethylene-induced stomatal closure, NO accumulation, and nitrate reductase （NR） activity in guard cells or leaves of II. faba L. Moreover, the ethylene-induced increase of H2S levels and L-/D- cysteine desulfhydrase activity declined when NO generation was inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that H2S and NO probably are involved in the signal transduction pathway of ethylene-induced stomatal closure. H2S may represent a novel component downstream of NO in the ethylene-induced stomatal movement in V. faba L.
文摘This study on the cytological changes of the body wall,aspiratory intestine and crissal bursa in Urechis unicinctus by light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the difference between the body wall and the natural environment rich in H 2S was not obvious; that the wall color of the aspiratory intestine in H 2S rich environment changed from normal semitransparency to dark brown; that its epithelia were disassembled and the electron density of its cytoplasm matrix was lower; and that in H 2S rich environment many basophilic granules occurred in the epithelia of the crissal bursa. Granules with single membrane and myelinefingure were found with TEM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos.81803505(to CQ), 81803498(to LXW)Min Wang,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China, No.BK20170564(to CQ)Yong Talents Training Program of Jiangsu University of China, No.5521470000(to JY)。
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) is regarded to be a protectant against diseases of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.However, the mechanism by which H_2S elicits neuroprotective effects in the progression of Parkinson's disease(PD) remains unclear.To investigate the role of H_2S in delaying the pathological process of PD, we used the most common sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS) as an H_2S donor and established a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid(MPTP/p) in the present study.Our results show that H_2S reduced neuronal loss during the progression of PD.Notably, we found that H_2S exhibited protective effects on dopaminergic neurons.Excitingly, H_2S also increased the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone.Next, we evaluated whether the neuroprotective effects of H_2S on dopaminergic neurons in PD are dependent on adult nerve regeneration by treating primary adult neural stem cells cultured ex vivo with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine.Our results show that H_2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells.These findings confirm that H_2S can increase neurogenesis in an adult mouse model of PD by regulating the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University, China(IACUC Approval No.1601153-3).
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates expression of liver cystathionase (CSE), a gene involved in hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) generation. METHODS: The regulation of CSE expression in response to FXR ligands was evaluated in HepG2 cells and in wild-type and FXR null mice treated with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6E-CDCA), a synthetic FXR ligand. The analysis demonstrated an FXR responsive element in the 5'-flanking region of the human CSE gene. The function of this site was investigated by luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Livers obtained from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride alone, or in combination with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, were studied for hydrogen sulphide generation and portal pressure measurement. RESULTS: Liver expression of CSE is regulated by bile acids by means of an FXR-mediated mechanism. Western blotting, qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, as well as immunohistochemical analysis, showed that expression of CSE in HepG2 cells and in mice is induced by treatment with an FXR ligand. Administration of 6E-CDCA to carbon tetrachloride treated rats protected against the down-regulation of CSE expression, increased H2S generation, reduced portal pressure and attenuated the endothelial dysfunction of isolated and perfused cirrhotic rat livers. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CSE is an FXR-regulated gene and provide a new molecular explanation for the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.Jx10131801095 to HongZhou)
文摘Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques containing activated microglia and amyloid β-peptides （Aβ）. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） on neuroinflammation in rats with Aβ1-40 hippocampal injection. We found that Aβ-induced rats exhibited a disorder of pyramidal cell layer arrangement, and a decrease of mean pyramidal cell number in the CA1 hippocampal region compared with those in sham operated rats. NaHS （a donor of H2S, 5.6 mg/kg/d, i.p.） treatment for 3 weeks rescued neuronal cell death significantly. Moreover, we found that H2S dramatically suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Consistently, both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays showed that H2S inhibited the upregulation of COX-2 and the activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our data indicate that H2S suppresses neuroinflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway in the Aβ-induced rat model and has potential value for AD therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Nos:21502071 and 21302068)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos:BK20140154 and BK20130127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos:JUSRP51411B and JUSRP51629B)
文摘In the present study, a series of novel nitric oxide-hydrogen sulfide releasing derivatives of(S)-3-n-butylphthalide((S)-NBP) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential antiplatelet agents. Compound NOSH-NBP-5 displayed the strongest activity in inhibiting the arachidonic acid(AA)- and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, with 3.8- and 7.0-fold more effectiveness than(S)-NBP, respectively. Furthermore, NOSH-NBP-5 could release moderate levels of NO and H2 S, which would be beneficial in improving cardiovascular and cerebral circulation. Moreover, NOSH-NBP-5 could release(S)-NBP when incubated with rat brain homogenate. In conclusion, these findings may provide new insights into the development of novel antiplatelet agents for the treatment of thrombosis-related ischemic stroke.
基金the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE)-New Delhi,for financial support(Reference No. 103/117/2008-NT)
文摘The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for in situ removal of sulfur condensed inside the reactor walls. The dissociation of H2S was primarily initiated by the excitation of carder gas （At） through electron collisions which appeared to be the rate determining step. The experiments were carded out with initial concentration of H2S varied between 5 and 25 vol% at 150 mL/min （at standard temperature and pressure） flow rate in the input power range of 0.5 to 2 W. The reaction rate model based on continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） model failed to explain the global kinetics of H2S decomposition, probably due to the multiple complex reactions involved in H2S decomposition, whereas Michaelis-Menten model was satisfactory. Typical results indicated that the reaction order approached zero with increasing inlet concentration.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2015CL016 and No.ZR2011CL012Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province Science and Technology Plan Projects,No.J11LC17
文摘AIMTo explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) on restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric lesions in rats and the influence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K<sub>ATP</sub>) channels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway on such an effect.METHODSMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a physiological saline (PS) group, a sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, a glibenclamide (Gl) group, Gl plus NaHS group, a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group, and a PDTC plus NaHS group. Gastric mucosal injury was induced by RWIS for 3 h in rats, and gastric mucosal damage was analyzed after that. The PS, NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg or 150 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight), and PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight) were respectively injected intravenously before RWIS.RESULTSRWIS induced serious gastric lesions in the rats in the PS pretreatment group. The pretreatment of NaHS (a H<sub>2</sub>S donor) significantly reduced the damage induced by RWIS. The gastric protective effect of the NaHS during RWIS was attenuated by PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, and also by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that exogenous H<sub>2</sub>S plays a protective role against RWIS injury in rats, possibly through modulation of K<sub>ATP</sub> channel opening and the NF-κB dependent pathway.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371346,81271376Outstanding Postgraduate Fund of Xinxiang Medical UniversityScience and Technology Key Research Project of Henan Provincial Education Department of China,No.14A310019
文摘The present study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats via the suture method. Ten minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with hydrogen sulfide donor compound sodium hydrosulfide. Immunofluorescence revealed that the immunoreactivity of P2X7 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased with hydrogen sulfide treatment. Furthermore, treatment of these rats with hydrogen sulfide significantly lowered mortality, the Longa neurological deficit scores, and infarct volume. These results indicate that hydrogen sulfide may be protective in rats with local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of P2X7 receptors.
