Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil an...Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil and water phases at a temperature of 75±2℃.Then,physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on the prepared cream using different devices.Results:For proper evaluation and a more detailed examination of the prepared cream,each experiment was performed three times(n≥3),and the average data are reported.The results of the prepared cream indicate that it has a high skin absorption capacity,and the Echinacea extract has given it antimicrobial properties.Other advantages of making this hydrating cream include high hydration to human skin,formulation stability,and a long-lasting effect without creating a two-phase state.Conclusion:Creams have been evaluated as a primary component of cosmetic products as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of use and removal from the skin.In this article,we report the formulation of a hydrating cream using various ingredients.The results obtained from this article demonstrate that this extract can maintain its properties under accelerated stability conditions for 6 months.Also,the prepared cream can eliminate bacteria over 28 days in an effective antimicrobial preservative test.展开更多
Background and Aims: A gynaecological cream containing collagen, phytocollagen, hyaluronate and vitamins was investigated in women in menopause. Methods: The cream was daily applied to the vaginal mucosa and the perin...Background and Aims: A gynaecological cream containing collagen, phytocollagen, hyaluronate and vitamins was investigated in women in menopause. Methods: The cream was daily applied to the vaginal mucosa and the perineal skin as well as to the abdominal skin (healthy skin used as control) for 1 week and then on alternate days for other 2 weeks. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity were measured at baseline and after 8 and 21 days by Corneometer? CM 825 and Cutometer? MPA 850, respectively. The product use comfort and the moisturising of the vaginal mucosa were evaluated by the volunteers through a questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, respectively. Results: The local tolerability was excellent for nearly all of the volunteers (90% - 95%) and according both to dermatologist’s and gynaecologist’s evaluation. Related adverse reactions had a frequency of 15% (10% vulvovaginal burning sensation and 5% vulvovaginal discomfort). The topical hydration increased both in the perineal and the abdominal skin. Hydration increase vs. baseline was more marked on day 8 than on day 21 and was significant in the abdominal skin (p-value < 0.0001). The vaginal moisturising improved significantly (p-value < 0.0001) both on day 8 and 21 vs. baseline. Small changes in the viscoelasticity parameters were observed in both the perineal and the abdominal skin. Few significant improvements were R1 and R8 decreases in the perineum and R0 increase in the abdomen. Conclusions: The tested cream represents a safe product with proven moisturising effect towards the vaginal mucosa when daily applied by menopausal women.展开更多
Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since...Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since skin hydration improves skin barrier function, it is one of the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, other components of botanical extracts other than polysaccharides may influence skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydration efficacy and skin barrier protection afforded to the skin after exposure to Corchorus olitorius extract without high-molecular-weight compounds (COEW), such as polysaccharides. Methods: NC/Nga mice possess disrupted skin barrier function, and were used as a model for AD. A stable base cream was supplemented with 0.2% COEW and applied to the dorsal skin of these mice. Skin hydration and TEWL were analyzed after a 14-d period of daily application. AD scores and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were also investigated. Results: Compared to control mice, mice treated with the COEW cream showed significantly increased skin hydration and reduced TEWL. Plasma IgE concentrations were not affected by the COEW cream, whereas an increase in AD score in NC/Nga mice was prevented because of the application of the COEW cream. Conclusions: COEW has the ability to maintain hydration of the skin, and to prevent the disruption of skin barrier function, which leads to the aggravation of AD. COEW may be used as an adjunct treatment for AD.展开更多
Objective:Dendrobium spp.,the major globally commercializing tropical orchid,has been continuously used in Chinese medicine.However,preparation and standardization of this therapeutic orchid including its clinical evi...Objective:Dendrobium spp.,the major globally commercializing tropical orchid,has been continuously used in Chinese medicine.However,preparation and standardization of this therapeutic orchid including its clinical evidence for topical application are sparely to be exploited.Methods:Maceration of the white orchid(Dendrobium cv.Khao Sanan)in water was varied on the extraction time.The extraction yields and total polysaccharide content of the extracts were compared.The best extract condition was selected,standardized,and evaluated on safety and skin hydrating efficacy in human volunteers.Results:The extraction for 3 h gave the extract with polysaccharide content that significantly(P<0.001)greater than the other extraction times with the following specification:yield[(35.60±2.51)%],moisture content[(7.65±0.21)%],total polysaccharide,sugar,reducing sugar and ash content[(72.95±2.37)%,(34.38±0.00)%,(16.28±0.00)%,and(0.12±0.00)%],p H(4.42±0.01),viscosity[(15.07±0.12)cps]swelling and water absorption capacities[(10.00±0.00)%,(1.19±0.24)g/g].This antioxidative polysaccharide caused no skin irritation with a better skin hydrating efficacy than the untreated skin and the benchmark as examined in 22 Thai volunteers.Conclusion:White Dendrobium is ready to be supplied as a specialty ingredient with a safe and efficient profile for skin dryness therapy.This innovative application of the identified traditional Chinese medicinal herb flows in the main stream of the consumers’preferences and demand upon natural derived products.展开更多
This article presents findings from an extensive experimental program conducted by the French Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste(ANDRA)at its Underground Research Laboratory.The focus of the study is the N...This article presents findings from an extensive experimental program conducted by the French Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste(ANDRA)at its Underground Research Laboratory.The focus of the study is the NSC(Noyau de SCellement)experiment,designed to assess the performance of a sealing core composed of a mixture of 40%bentonite and 60%sand.The objective is to evaluate in situ hydraulic permeability,swelling behavior,and gas performance of the seal,which are essential components for the safe disposal of Intermediate-Level(IL)and High-Level Radioactive Waste(HLW)in deep geological repositories.The experimental setup,construction details of the NSC experiment,and the timeline of the project,from excavation,construction of the seal,and artificial hydration to hydraulic permeability tests,are comprehensively described.Andra has acquired valuable expertise in constructing an engineered barrier system,encompassing concrete plugs,and efficiently assembling a 5-m-long seal.Over the past decade,a controlled water injection process has been employed to hydrate the seal.The operational efficiency of sensors has been evaluated,with pore pressure sensors exhibiting moderate performance.In contrast,others,including total pressure,capacitive humidity,psychrometric humidity,and saturation sensors,demonstrate excellent performance up to their operational limits.The high-quality data obtained from this experiment will facilitate the modeling of the resaturation and hydraulic-gas performance of the seal.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
The hydrated tricyclohexyltin theophylline-7-acetic acid(tpH)complex[Sn(C_(6)H_(11))_(3)(tp)(H_(2)O)]was synthesized via an ethanol solvothermal method using tricyclohexyltin hydroxide and tpH in a 1∶1 molar ratio.Th...The hydrated tricyclohexyltin theophylline-7-acetic acid(tpH)complex[Sn(C_(6)H_(11))_(3)(tp)(H_(2)O)]was synthesized via an ethanol solvothermal method using tricyclohexyltin hydroxide and tpH in a 1∶1 molar ratio.The complex was characterized by IR,^(1)H(^(13)C)NMR,elemental analysis,and powder X-ray diffraction,and the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system with space group Iba2,and the central tin atom is in a five-coordinated trigonal bipyramidal configuration.Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the stability,molecular orbital energy,and frontier molecular orbital characteristics of the complex.Additionally,its thermal stability,electrochemical properties,and in vitro anticancer activity were evaluated.CCDC:2380308.展开更多
With the development of hydrate technology,more and more applications have been appeared in many areas.However,hydrate additive is always one research hotspot,it has attracted more and more attention.The influence of ...With the development of hydrate technology,more and more applications have been appeared in many areas.However,hydrate additive is always one research hotspot,it has attracted more and more attention.The influence of two biosurfactants on CO_(2) hydrate formation process were investigated.Through the investigation of experiment research,rhamnolipid and sophorolipid had the promotion effect on CO_(2) hydrate formation kinetics.Hydrate gas storage reached the maximum value 32.01(volume ratio)and conversion ratio of water to hydrate was 19.42%when sophorolipid concentration was 0.05%(mass).Hydrate gas storage capacity reached the maximum value 31.22(volume ratio)and conversion ratio of water to hydrate was 18.94%when rhamnolipid concentration was 0.05%(mass).Through the comparison of gas storage capacity and hydrate formation rate,sophorolipid had stronger promotion effect on CO_(2) hydrate formation kinetics than rhamnolipid.It increased the depth of gas hydration reaction.CO_(2) hydrate formation gas was carried out under the condition of constant temperature and volume.Hydration number was considered in the hydrate calculation process.Combined with hydrate formation kinetic theory of Chen–Guo model,the hydrated gas volume was compared with remaining volume of reactor.This model could calculate the change of CO_(2) hydrate gas storage capacity over time.The calculated values of gas storage was in good agreement with experimental values.So this study has the better guiding function for relevant hydrate technology application.展开更多
Identifying geohazards such as landslides and methane leakage is crucial during gas extraction from natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoirs,and understanding reservoir settlement behavior is central to this assessment.Hori...Identifying geohazards such as landslides and methane leakage is crucial during gas extraction from natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoirs,and understanding reservoir settlement behavior is central to this assessment.Horizontal wells can enlarge the pressure relief zone within the formation,improving single-well productivity,and are therefore considered a promising approach for NGH development.This study examines the settlement response of hydrate-bearing sediments during depressurization using horizontal wells.A fully coupled thermal,hydraulic,mechanical,and chemical(THMC)model with representative reservoir properties(Shenhu region in the South China Sea)is presented accordingly.The simulations show that lower production pressures,while increasing gas output,also intensify formation settlement.The maximum difference in settlement between the lowest and highest production pressures reaches 0.016 m,contributing to more pronounced differential subsidence.Optimal well placement,specifically targeting a low-saturation hydrate zone containing free gas and situated adjacent to a high-saturation hydrate layer,markedly improves both gas production rate and cumulative yield,while reducing overall settlement and limiting changes in effective stress.展开更多
The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the ...The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the coupling among sedimentary processes,paleoenvironment,and gas hydrate accumulation,this study investigates the Site DS-W16 using particle size analysis,biological component content,and geochemistry data.Oxygen isotope data from foraminifera and biostratigraphic evidence indicate that sedimentation at the bottom of core interval from Site DS-W16 began during MIS 11(Marine isotope stage).The sedimentation dynamics of the studied layers are complex,involving gravity flows,traction currents,and suspended deposition.Organic matter shows a significant correlation with transgressive-regressive cycle.The site DS-W16 contains two distinct gas hydrate reservoirs:a shallow reservoir(10-24 mbsf)and a deep reservoir(below 182 mbsf).The paleomarine environment influences gas hydrate accumulation by altering sedimentary processes and sediment characteristics,especially the distribution of biological components.Both shallow and deep gas hydrate reservoirs formed under dynamic conditions dominated by traction currents and are characterized by a higher abundance of foraminifera.Sedimentary layers rich in foraminifera and modified by traction currents represent key intervals for preferential gas hydrate accumulation.展开更多
To improve the applicability of red mud in subgrade construction,we studied the effects of four traditional retarders,including borax,sodium hexametaphosphate,sodium gluconate,and sucrose,on the setting time,mechanica...To improve the applicability of red mud in subgrade construction,we studied the effects of four traditional retarders,including borax,sodium hexametaphosphate,sodium gluconate,and sucrose,on the setting time,mechanical properties and soil solidification of red mud-based subgrade engineered cementitious material(RCM).The mechanisms of the retarders on the hydration process of RCM were analyzed by hydration microcalorimeter,XRD,TG,and SEM-EDS.The experimental results show that four retarders have retarding effect on RCM,among which sodium gluconate and sucrose have significant retarding effect and do not have adverse effect on 28 d strength.Borax can slightly delay the setting time,and sodium hexametaphosphate has a better retarding effect,but they both reduce the 28 d strength.Microcosmic analysis shows that the retarders do not change the type of RCM hydration products,but mainly slow down the rate of hydration reaction through the adsorption and complexation or reaction of Ca^(2+)in the slurry.All the results show that the retarder has no weakening effect on the unconfined compressive strength,water stability and CBR properties of the stabilized subgrade soil based on RCM.展开更多
The rational design of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices critically depends on a fundamental understanding of ion-electrode interactions at the molecular scale.Herein,we employ interpretable mach...The rational design of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices critically depends on a fundamental understanding of ion-electrode interactions at the molecular scale.Herein,we employ interpretable machine learning(ML)to reveal electrolyte hydration energy as a universal descriptor governing ion-specific capacitance in two-dimensional(2D)materials.Through explainable ML,we elucidate how ion hydration shell stability and size critically influence charge transport and storage at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Our analysis identifies hydration energy-not ionic size-as the primary factor dictating capacitance,challenging prevailing assumptions and providing quantifiable design rules for electrolyte selection.These insights offer a data-driven pathway to optimize 2D materials for supercapacitors and beyond,including batteries and electrocatalytic systems.This work demonstrates the power of explainable artificial intelligence in uncovering molecular-level mechanisms that accelerate the discovery and development of next-generation energy storage technologies.展开更多
To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Por...To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Portland cement(PO 42.5)with wet-ground electrolytic manganese residue(WEMR),wetground granulated blast-furnace slag(WGBFS),and carbide slag(CS).The mechanical properties,hydration characteristics,microstructure,and carbon emissions of the material were systematically investigated with varying WEMR dosages.The experimental results demonstrates that the wet-grinding process significantly refines the particle size and enhances the reactivity of both EMR and GBFS.As the WEMR dosage increases,the 28-day compressive strength initially rise and then declines.Optimal mechanical performance was achieved with 24%WEMR and 6%CS,yielding a 28-day compressive strength of 48.2 MPa.Advanced analytical techniques,including XRD,TG-DTG,SEM,and MIP,were employed to examine the hydration products.The findings reveal that the wet-grinding-alkali-sulfur synergistic activation system in the multi-solid waste cementitious material effectively utilize EMR to generate abundant hydration products such as AFt and C-(A)-S-H.Additionally,the fine particles of WEMR fill the pores in the mortar,further enhancing compressive strength.The cost and carbon emissions of this multifunctional system are only 65.97%and 46.9% of those of PO 42.5,respectively.This study provides a feasible approach for the efficient utilization of EMR,contributing to sustainable construction practices.展开更多
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic ...Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic deformation in seawater.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis of the UHMWPE dynamics under seawater and water conditions to investigate the plastic deformation of UHMWPE induced by seawater.The results show that the plastic deformation of UHMWPE is amplified in seawater relative to the water conditions.Under thin fluid conditions,frictional interfaces exhibit a higher interfacial friction force and interaction energy in seawater than in water.Compared to freely diffused water molecules,hydrated ions occupy larger interchain spaces within polyethylene.Furthermore,the diffusion of hydrated ions weakens the interchain interactions,promoting more severe polyethylene chain rearrangement and accelerating seawater-induced plastic deformation in UHMWPE during friction.Furthermore,the diffused seawater accelerated the disentangling of the polyethylene chains and enhanced the orderly orientation distribution of polyethylene.Compared to free water molecules,the water molecules of hydrated ions exhibit enhanced attraction to free-flowing water molecules,thereby accelerating seawater flow across submerged UHMWPE surfaces.This flow enhancement promotes surface polyethylene chain mobility in seawater.展开更多
Perovskites exhibit excellent protonic conductivity in the mid-temperature range,and among them,yttria-doped barium zirconate(BZY)is considered one of the most promising perovskite proton conductors.Molecular simulati...Perovskites exhibit excellent protonic conductivity in the mid-temperature range,and among them,yttria-doped barium zirconate(BZY)is considered one of the most promising perovskite proton conductors.Molecular simulations provide an efficient approach to investigating the thermal transport behavior of nanocrystalline materials.The effect of doping concentration on the thermal transport properties of BZY structures was investigated using the equilibrium molecular dynamics(EMD)method combined with phonon spectral energy density(SED)analysis.The results show that the thermal transport properties gradually decrease with increasing doping concentration,and for structures with dopants only and without oxygen vacancies,the thermal conductivity exhibits a similar decreasing trend but remains higher than that of structures containing both dopants and oxygen vacancies.Comparison of phonon lifetime and group velocity reveals that oxygen vacancy defects enhance phonon scattering,thereby leading to a reduction in thermal transport properties,while doping reduces the thermal transport properties by weakening lattice harmonicity.The effect of different hydration levels on the thermal transport properties of BZY was also investigated,and the results indicate that the thermal conductivity fluctuates in structures with low hydration levels and continues to decrease as the proton defect concentration increases with hydration.Further analysis of phonon lifetime and group velocity demonstrates that proton defects reduce the thermal transport properties through both enhanced phonon diffusion and weakened harmonicity.展开更多
A green pregelatinized glutinous rice flour biological admixture was developed in this paper.The cement hydration process,hydration products,pore structure,and strength of mortar with different quantities of glutinous...A green pregelatinized glutinous rice flour biological admixture was developed in this paper.The cement hydration process,hydration products,pore structure,and strength of mortar with different quantities of glutinous rice flour(GRF),and the macroscopic changes in concrete cracking resistance testing were investigated.Simultaneously,a fast cracking resistance evaluation method based on graphic recognition was proposed.The results indicated that pregelatinized glutinous rice flour(T-GRF)delayed the dissolution rate of anhydrous cement during the induction period,shifting the main exothermic peak of hydration backward.The compressive strength developed slowly in 7-28 d age and returned to normal in 28-56 d.The compressive strength of T-GRF-0.6% modified mortar at 56 d age is less than 10% different from that of control group.The 3.0%T-GRF decreased the total porosity by 3%,and the average pore size decreased from 31.2 to 21.3 nm measured by MIP,indicating that T-GRF could inhibit harmful pores and densify concrete.The crack resistance coefficient of T-GRF modified concrete was obtained by image recognition method,and the GRF could decrease the length,width,and damaged area of cracks in the early age of concrete.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions...Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.展开更多
Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic k...Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic kinetic model was applied to identify three characteristic processes:nucleation and growth(NG),phase boundary interaction(I),and diffusion(D).Control mixtures containing inert quartz powder with comparable particle size distributions were prepared for comparison.Pore characteristics of hardened PS pastes at different temperatures were analyzed via mercury intrusion porosimetry,while hydration products were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results indicate that the retarding effect of PS on early cement hydration outweighs its accelerating effect,attributed to the combined influence of nucleation and dilution,with retardation decreasing as temperature increases.PS exhibits early reactivity and continuously consumes calcium hydroxide through the pozzolanic reaction,as evidenced by stable phase assemblages accompanied by reduced CH content in XRD and TG-DTG analyses.At 20℃,increasing PS content maintains the NG→I→D mechanism but slows reaction rates across all stages.Elevated temperatures significantly accelerate the NG process,shifting the dominant mechanism from NG toward D.Simultaneously,enhanced PS reactivity contributes to a refined pore structure and improved compressive strength.展开更多
In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the...In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the grout-limestone interface induced by rock stress disturbances during mining.In this study,graphene oxide(GO)was integrated into cement-polyacrylate composite grout to improve its interfacial bonding.First,four-point bending tests were conducted,and the Monte Carlo method combined with the simplex search algorithm was employed to determine the variations in shear cohesion and static friction parameters.The results reveal that GO can significantly increase both the tensile and shear cohesion of the grout-limestone interface,but minimally affects the interfacial friction coefficient.Second,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were performed.The results indicate that GO nanosheets result in a squamaceous microstructure of the grout consolidation mass,increasing the adhesion of the grout-limestone interface.Moreover,spiny Aft(ettringite)clusters can be induced in limestone fracture surfaces by GO,which could serve as anchors for limestone and grout consolidation mass.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To eliminate ineffective or interfering compounds from the eight absorbed compounds(8ACs),identify the primary ACs that represent the multifunctional therapeutic effects of Zhiqiao(Fructus Aurantii Submaturu...OBJECTIVE:To eliminate ineffective or interfering compounds from the eight absorbed compounds(8ACs),identify the primary ACs that represent the multifunctional therapeutic effects of Zhiqiao(Fructus Aurantii Submaturus)and Houpo(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)(FM),along with elucidating their underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Key multifunctional ACs were screened through ex vivo-to-in vitro extrapolation(ex vivo dose=serum concentration)and validated in vivo,with efficacy assessed via contribution(dose=FM content).Functional magnetic resonance imaging analyzed brain regions's blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD)changes,and the molecular mechanisms were analyzed by transcriptome of the dentate gyrus(DG).RESULTS:The results showed that representative 2ACs(Nobiletin+Magnolol)and 3ACs(Nobiletin+Magnolol+Meranzin hydrate)screened on ex vivo experiment by the criteria of contribution ranking contributed 80.72%-126.74%of the antidepressant and prokinetic effects of the FM(improvement of depressive-like behaviours,gastrointestinal disorder,monoamine neurotransmitters,ghrelin,endocrine hormones,pro-inflammatory factors,oxidative stress indicators).In addition,3ACs demonstrated superiority over 2ACs in improving depression and levels of multiple stress mediators.Zhiqiao(Fructus Aurantii Submaturus)(FRA)reduced acute stress-induced hyperactivation of the cingulate cortex,thalamus,hypothalamus,and entorhinal cortex and elevated BOLD signaling in the insular cortex,temporal association cortex.Furthermore,FRA upregulated pathways of neurotransmitter receptor activity and serotonergic synaptic function and downregulated inflammation-related pathways at the genetic level.CONCLUSION:2ACs and 3ACs closely reflected FM's multifunctional effect in antidepressant and prokinetic.FRA restores stress-impaired neural connectivity in functional brain regions and improves synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis at the genetic level.展开更多
文摘Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil and water phases at a temperature of 75±2℃.Then,physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on the prepared cream using different devices.Results:For proper evaluation and a more detailed examination of the prepared cream,each experiment was performed three times(n≥3),and the average data are reported.The results of the prepared cream indicate that it has a high skin absorption capacity,and the Echinacea extract has given it antimicrobial properties.Other advantages of making this hydrating cream include high hydration to human skin,formulation stability,and a long-lasting effect without creating a two-phase state.Conclusion:Creams have been evaluated as a primary component of cosmetic products as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of use and removal from the skin.In this article,we report the formulation of a hydrating cream using various ingredients.The results obtained from this article demonstrate that this extract can maintain its properties under accelerated stability conditions for 6 months.Also,the prepared cream can eliminate bacteria over 28 days in an effective antimicrobial preservative test.
文摘Background and Aims: A gynaecological cream containing collagen, phytocollagen, hyaluronate and vitamins was investigated in women in menopause. Methods: The cream was daily applied to the vaginal mucosa and the perineal skin as well as to the abdominal skin (healthy skin used as control) for 1 week and then on alternate days for other 2 weeks. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity were measured at baseline and after 8 and 21 days by Corneometer? CM 825 and Cutometer? MPA 850, respectively. The product use comfort and the moisturising of the vaginal mucosa were evaluated by the volunteers through a questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, respectively. Results: The local tolerability was excellent for nearly all of the volunteers (90% - 95%) and according both to dermatologist’s and gynaecologist’s evaluation. Related adverse reactions had a frequency of 15% (10% vulvovaginal burning sensation and 5% vulvovaginal discomfort). The topical hydration increased both in the perineal and the abdominal skin. Hydration increase vs. baseline was more marked on day 8 than on day 21 and was significant in the abdominal skin (p-value < 0.0001). The vaginal moisturising improved significantly (p-value < 0.0001) both on day 8 and 21 vs. baseline. Small changes in the viscoelasticity parameters were observed in both the perineal and the abdominal skin. Few significant improvements were R1 and R8 decreases in the perineum and R0 increase in the abdomen. Conclusions: The tested cream represents a safe product with proven moisturising effect towards the vaginal mucosa when daily applied by menopausal women.
文摘Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since skin hydration improves skin barrier function, it is one of the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, other components of botanical extracts other than polysaccharides may influence skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydration efficacy and skin barrier protection afforded to the skin after exposure to Corchorus olitorius extract without high-molecular-weight compounds (COEW), such as polysaccharides. Methods: NC/Nga mice possess disrupted skin barrier function, and were used as a model for AD. A stable base cream was supplemented with 0.2% COEW and applied to the dorsal skin of these mice. Skin hydration and TEWL were analyzed after a 14-d period of daily application. AD scores and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were also investigated. Results: Compared to control mice, mice treated with the COEW cream showed significantly increased skin hydration and reduced TEWL. Plasma IgE concentrations were not affected by the COEW cream, whereas an increase in AD score in NC/Nga mice was prevented because of the application of the COEW cream. Conclusions: COEW has the ability to maintain hydration of the skin, and to prevent the disruption of skin barrier function, which leads to the aggravation of AD. COEW may be used as an adjunct treatment for AD.
基金Mae Fah Luang University is acknowledged upon financial and facilities supports during this manuscript preparation.
文摘Objective:Dendrobium spp.,the major globally commercializing tropical orchid,has been continuously used in Chinese medicine.However,preparation and standardization of this therapeutic orchid including its clinical evidence for topical application are sparely to be exploited.Methods:Maceration of the white orchid(Dendrobium cv.Khao Sanan)in water was varied on the extraction time.The extraction yields and total polysaccharide content of the extracts were compared.The best extract condition was selected,standardized,and evaluated on safety and skin hydrating efficacy in human volunteers.Results:The extraction for 3 h gave the extract with polysaccharide content that significantly(P<0.001)greater than the other extraction times with the following specification:yield[(35.60±2.51)%],moisture content[(7.65±0.21)%],total polysaccharide,sugar,reducing sugar and ash content[(72.95±2.37)%,(34.38±0.00)%,(16.28±0.00)%,and(0.12±0.00)%],p H(4.42±0.01),viscosity[(15.07±0.12)cps]swelling and water absorption capacities[(10.00±0.00)%,(1.19±0.24)g/g].This antioxidative polysaccharide caused no skin irritation with a better skin hydrating efficacy than the untreated skin and the benchmark as examined in 22 Thai volunteers.Conclusion:White Dendrobium is ready to be supplied as a specialty ingredient with a safe and efficient profile for skin dryness therapy.This innovative application of the identified traditional Chinese medicinal herb flows in the main stream of the consumers’preferences and demand upon natural derived products.
文摘This article presents findings from an extensive experimental program conducted by the French Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste(ANDRA)at its Underground Research Laboratory.The focus of the study is the NSC(Noyau de SCellement)experiment,designed to assess the performance of a sealing core composed of a mixture of 40%bentonite and 60%sand.The objective is to evaluate in situ hydraulic permeability,swelling behavior,and gas performance of the seal,which are essential components for the safe disposal of Intermediate-Level(IL)and High-Level Radioactive Waste(HLW)in deep geological repositories.The experimental setup,construction details of the NSC experiment,and the timeline of the project,from excavation,construction of the seal,and artificial hydration to hydraulic permeability tests,are comprehensively described.Andra has acquired valuable expertise in constructing an engineered barrier system,encompassing concrete plugs,and efficiently assembling a 5-m-long seal.Over the past decade,a controlled water injection process has been employed to hydrate the seal.The operational efficiency of sensors has been evaluated,with pore pressure sensors exhibiting moderate performance.In contrast,others,including total pressure,capacitive humidity,psychrometric humidity,and saturation sensors,demonstrate excellent performance up to their operational limits.The high-quality data obtained from this experiment will facilitate the modeling of the resaturation and hydraulic-gas performance of the seal.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
文摘The hydrated tricyclohexyltin theophylline-7-acetic acid(tpH)complex[Sn(C_(6)H_(11))_(3)(tp)(H_(2)O)]was synthesized via an ethanol solvothermal method using tricyclohexyltin hydroxide and tpH in a 1∶1 molar ratio.The complex was characterized by IR,^(1)H(^(13)C)NMR,elemental analysis,and powder X-ray diffraction,and the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system with space group Iba2,and the central tin atom is in a five-coordinated trigonal bipyramidal configuration.Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the stability,molecular orbital energy,and frontier molecular orbital characteristics of the complex.Additionally,its thermal stability,electrochemical properties,and in vitro anticancer activity were evaluated.CCDC:2380308.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University Science Foundation of XIAO2024006General project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province(2024116/Y202456535)Fenghua District Science and Technology Association Natural Science Foundation Project 05,which were greatly acknowledged.
文摘With the development of hydrate technology,more and more applications have been appeared in many areas.However,hydrate additive is always one research hotspot,it has attracted more and more attention.The influence of two biosurfactants on CO_(2) hydrate formation process were investigated.Through the investigation of experiment research,rhamnolipid and sophorolipid had the promotion effect on CO_(2) hydrate formation kinetics.Hydrate gas storage reached the maximum value 32.01(volume ratio)and conversion ratio of water to hydrate was 19.42%when sophorolipid concentration was 0.05%(mass).Hydrate gas storage capacity reached the maximum value 31.22(volume ratio)and conversion ratio of water to hydrate was 18.94%when rhamnolipid concentration was 0.05%(mass).Through the comparison of gas storage capacity and hydrate formation rate,sophorolipid had stronger promotion effect on CO_(2) hydrate formation kinetics than rhamnolipid.It increased the depth of gas hydration reaction.CO_(2) hydrate formation gas was carried out under the condition of constant temperature and volume.Hydration number was considered in the hydrate calculation process.Combined with hydrate formation kinetic theory of Chen–Guo model,the hydrated gas volume was compared with remaining volume of reactor.This model could calculate the change of CO_(2) hydrate gas storage capacity over time.The calculated values of gas storage was in good agreement with experimental values.So this study has the better guiding function for relevant hydrate technology application.
基金supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2800905-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52304208)。
文摘Identifying geohazards such as landslides and methane leakage is crucial during gas extraction from natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoirs,and understanding reservoir settlement behavior is central to this assessment.Horizontal wells can enlarge the pressure relief zone within the formation,improving single-well productivity,and are therefore considered a promising approach for NGH development.This study examines the settlement response of hydrate-bearing sediments during depressurization using horizontal wells.A fully coupled thermal,hydraulic,mechanical,and chemical(THMC)model with representative reservoir properties(Shenhu region in the South China Sea)is presented accordingly.The simulations show that lower production pressures,while increasing gas output,also intensify formation settlement.The maximum difference in settlement between the lowest and highest production pressures reaches 0.016 m,contributing to more pronounced differential subsidence.Optimal well placement,specifically targeting a low-saturation hydrate zone containing free gas and situated adjacent to a high-saturation hydrate layer,markedly improves both gas production rate and cumulative yield,while reducing overall settlement and limiting changes in effective stress.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42376217)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.3-7-10-2025-03)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC2814702).
文摘The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the coupling among sedimentary processes,paleoenvironment,and gas hydrate accumulation,this study investigates the Site DS-W16 using particle size analysis,biological component content,and geochemistry data.Oxygen isotope data from foraminifera and biostratigraphic evidence indicate that sedimentation at the bottom of core interval from Site DS-W16 began during MIS 11(Marine isotope stage).The sedimentation dynamics of the studied layers are complex,involving gravity flows,traction currents,and suspended deposition.Organic matter shows a significant correlation with transgressive-regressive cycle.The site DS-W16 contains two distinct gas hydrate reservoirs:a shallow reservoir(10-24 mbsf)and a deep reservoir(below 182 mbsf).The paleomarine environment influences gas hydrate accumulation by altering sedimentary processes and sediment characteristics,especially the distribution of biological components.Both shallow and deep gas hydrate reservoirs formed under dynamic conditions dominated by traction currents and are characterized by a higher abundance of foraminifera.Sedimentary layers rich in foraminifera and modified by traction currents represent key intervals for preferential gas hydrate accumulation.
基金Funded by the Shandong Province Key R&D Program(Major Technological Innovation Project(Nos.2023ZLGX01 and 2021CXGC010301)the Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation(No.52309136)+1 种基金the Competitive Innovation Platform Project of Shandong Province(No.2023CXPT-080)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project(No.SDCX-ZG-202203037)。
文摘To improve the applicability of red mud in subgrade construction,we studied the effects of four traditional retarders,including borax,sodium hexametaphosphate,sodium gluconate,and sucrose,on the setting time,mechanical properties and soil solidification of red mud-based subgrade engineered cementitious material(RCM).The mechanisms of the retarders on the hydration process of RCM were analyzed by hydration microcalorimeter,XRD,TG,and SEM-EDS.The experimental results show that four retarders have retarding effect on RCM,among which sodium gluconate and sucrose have significant retarding effect and do not have adverse effect on 28 d strength.Borax can slightly delay the setting time,and sodium hexametaphosphate has a better retarding effect,but they both reduce the 28 d strength.Microcosmic analysis shows that the retarders do not change the type of RCM hydration products,but mainly slow down the rate of hydration reaction through the adsorption and complexation or reaction of Ca^(2+)in the slurry.All the results show that the retarder has no weakening effect on the unconfined compressive strength,water stability and CBR properties of the stabilized subgrade soil based on RCM.
基金supported by Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)under project No.4022382Facilities were provided by the Condensed Matter National Laboratory at the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)in Tehran,Iran.Additionally,financial support for equipment purchase was granted by the INSF under project number 4022382.
文摘The rational design of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices critically depends on a fundamental understanding of ion-electrode interactions at the molecular scale.Herein,we employ interpretable machine learning(ML)to reveal electrolyte hydration energy as a universal descriptor governing ion-specific capacitance in two-dimensional(2D)materials.Through explainable ML,we elucidate how ion hydration shell stability and size critically influence charge transport and storage at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Our analysis identifies hydration energy-not ionic size-as the primary factor dictating capacitance,challenging prevailing assumptions and providing quantifiable design rules for electrolyte selection.These insights offer a data-driven pathway to optimize 2D materials for supercapacitors and beyond,including batteries and electrocatalytic systems.This work demonstrates the power of explainable artificial intelligence in uncovering molecular-level mechanisms that accelerate the discovery and development of next-generation energy storage technologies.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Nos.GK AB24010020,and GK AB23026071)the Key Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2025GXNSFDA090046)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.GK AD24010062)。
文摘To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Portland cement(PO 42.5)with wet-ground electrolytic manganese residue(WEMR),wetground granulated blast-furnace slag(WGBFS),and carbide slag(CS).The mechanical properties,hydration characteristics,microstructure,and carbon emissions of the material were systematically investigated with varying WEMR dosages.The experimental results demonstrates that the wet-grinding process significantly refines the particle size and enhances the reactivity of both EMR and GBFS.As the WEMR dosage increases,the 28-day compressive strength initially rise and then declines.Optimal mechanical performance was achieved with 24%WEMR and 6%CS,yielding a 28-day compressive strength of 48.2 MPa.Advanced analytical techniques,including XRD,TG-DTG,SEM,and MIP,were employed to examine the hydration products.The findings reveal that the wet-grinding-alkali-sulfur synergistic activation system in the multi-solid waste cementitious material effectively utilize EMR to generate abundant hydration products such as AFt and C-(A)-S-H.Additionally,the fine particles of WEMR fill the pores in the mortar,further enhancing compressive strength.The cost and carbon emissions of this multifunctional system are only 65.97%and 46.9% of those of PO 42.5,respectively.This study provides a feasible approach for the efficient utilization of EMR,contributing to sustainable construction practices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51909023 and 51775077)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-140)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3132025114)。
文摘Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)is a key material for marine applications owing to its outstanding self-lubrication and corrosion resistance.However,its long-term performance is compromised by plastic deformation in seawater.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis of the UHMWPE dynamics under seawater and water conditions to investigate the plastic deformation of UHMWPE induced by seawater.The results show that the plastic deformation of UHMWPE is amplified in seawater relative to the water conditions.Under thin fluid conditions,frictional interfaces exhibit a higher interfacial friction force and interaction energy in seawater than in water.Compared to freely diffused water molecules,hydrated ions occupy larger interchain spaces within polyethylene.Furthermore,the diffusion of hydrated ions weakens the interchain interactions,promoting more severe polyethylene chain rearrangement and accelerating seawater-induced plastic deformation in UHMWPE during friction.Furthermore,the diffused seawater accelerated the disentangling of the polyethylene chains and enhanced the orderly orientation distribution of polyethylene.Compared to free water molecules,the water molecules of hydrated ions exhibit enhanced attraction to free-flowing water molecules,thereby accelerating seawater flow across submerged UHMWPE surfaces.This flow enhancement promotes surface polyethylene chain mobility in seawater.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Joint Fund for Corporate Innovation and Development-Key Program)(Grant No.U22B2082)。
文摘Perovskites exhibit excellent protonic conductivity in the mid-temperature range,and among them,yttria-doped barium zirconate(BZY)is considered one of the most promising perovskite proton conductors.Molecular simulations provide an efficient approach to investigating the thermal transport behavior of nanocrystalline materials.The effect of doping concentration on the thermal transport properties of BZY structures was investigated using the equilibrium molecular dynamics(EMD)method combined with phonon spectral energy density(SED)analysis.The results show that the thermal transport properties gradually decrease with increasing doping concentration,and for structures with dopants only and without oxygen vacancies,the thermal conductivity exhibits a similar decreasing trend but remains higher than that of structures containing both dopants and oxygen vacancies.Comparison of phonon lifetime and group velocity reveals that oxygen vacancy defects enhance phonon scattering,thereby leading to a reduction in thermal transport properties,while doping reduces the thermal transport properties by weakening lattice harmonicity.The effect of different hydration levels on the thermal transport properties of BZY was also investigated,and the results indicate that the thermal conductivity fluctuates in structures with low hydration levels and continues to decrease as the proton defect concentration increases with hydration.Further analysis of phonon lifetime and group velocity demonstrates that proton defects reduce the thermal transport properties through both enhanced phonon diffusion and weakened harmonicity.
基金Funded by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.522QN279)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials(No.2023CEM004)。
文摘A green pregelatinized glutinous rice flour biological admixture was developed in this paper.The cement hydration process,hydration products,pore structure,and strength of mortar with different quantities of glutinous rice flour(GRF),and the macroscopic changes in concrete cracking resistance testing were investigated.Simultaneously,a fast cracking resistance evaluation method based on graphic recognition was proposed.The results indicated that pregelatinized glutinous rice flour(T-GRF)delayed the dissolution rate of anhydrous cement during the induction period,shifting the main exothermic peak of hydration backward.The compressive strength developed slowly in 7-28 d age and returned to normal in 28-56 d.The compressive strength of T-GRF-0.6% modified mortar at 56 d age is less than 10% different from that of control group.The 3.0%T-GRF decreased the total porosity by 3%,and the average pore size decreased from 31.2 to 21.3 nm measured by MIP,indicating that T-GRF could inhibit harmful pores and densify concrete.The crack resistance coefficient of T-GRF modified concrete was obtained by image recognition method,and the GRF could decrease the length,width,and damaged area of cracks in the early age of concrete.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209036,U23A20119)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Excellent Youth Project(E2023202069)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF0506000,2024YFB4609100)Fundamental Research Foundation from Hebei University of Technology(424132016,282021485).
文摘Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.
基金Funded by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2025YFNZH0022)the Chengdu Municipal Science and Technology Program(No.2025-YF11-00003-HZ)。
文摘Curing temperature significantly affects the pozzolanic reaction kinetics of phosphorous slag(PS),thereby governing the early-age(7 d)hydration behavior of PS composite binders at 20,30,and 60℃.The Krstulovic-Dabic kinetic model was applied to identify three characteristic processes:nucleation and growth(NG),phase boundary interaction(I),and diffusion(D).Control mixtures containing inert quartz powder with comparable particle size distributions were prepared for comparison.Pore characteristics of hardened PS pastes at different temperatures were analyzed via mercury intrusion porosimetry,while hydration products were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results indicate that the retarding effect of PS on early cement hydration outweighs its accelerating effect,attributed to the combined influence of nucleation and dilution,with retardation decreasing as temperature increases.PS exhibits early reactivity and continuously consumes calcium hydroxide through the pozzolanic reaction,as evidenced by stable phase assemblages accompanied by reduced CH content in XRD and TG-DTG analyses.At 20℃,increasing PS content maintains the NG→I→D mechanism but slows reaction rates across all stages.Elevated temperatures significantly accelerate the NG process,shifting the dominant mechanism from NG toward D.Simultaneously,enhanced PS reactivity contributes to a refined pore structure and improved compressive strength.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.U25A20810 and 2024YFF0508201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302504).
文摘In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the grout-limestone interface induced by rock stress disturbances during mining.In this study,graphene oxide(GO)was integrated into cement-polyacrylate composite grout to improve its interfacial bonding.First,four-point bending tests were conducted,and the Monte Carlo method combined with the simplex search algorithm was employed to determine the variations in shear cohesion and static friction parameters.The results reveal that GO can significantly increase both the tensile and shear cohesion of the grout-limestone interface,but minimally affects the interfacial friction coefficient.Second,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were performed.The results indicate that GO nanosheets result in a squamaceous microstructure of the grout consolidation mass,increasing the adhesion of the grout-limestone interface.Moreover,spiny Aft(ettringite)clusters can be induced in limestone fracture surfaces by GO,which could serve as anchors for limestone and grout consolidation mass.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Province’s Colleges and Universities(Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine)the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Methanism on Molecular and Hippocampus-Thalamus Neurocircuitry of Rapid Prokinetic and Antidepressant by Shugan Following Acute Stress(81973589)]The Relationship Between Stress,Ghrelin Signaling,Liver-Soothing and Antidepressant Prokinetic Mechanisms(81573797)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To eliminate ineffective or interfering compounds from the eight absorbed compounds(8ACs),identify the primary ACs that represent the multifunctional therapeutic effects of Zhiqiao(Fructus Aurantii Submaturus)and Houpo(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)(FM),along with elucidating their underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Key multifunctional ACs were screened through ex vivo-to-in vitro extrapolation(ex vivo dose=serum concentration)and validated in vivo,with efficacy assessed via contribution(dose=FM content).Functional magnetic resonance imaging analyzed brain regions's blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD)changes,and the molecular mechanisms were analyzed by transcriptome of the dentate gyrus(DG).RESULTS:The results showed that representative 2ACs(Nobiletin+Magnolol)and 3ACs(Nobiletin+Magnolol+Meranzin hydrate)screened on ex vivo experiment by the criteria of contribution ranking contributed 80.72%-126.74%of the antidepressant and prokinetic effects of the FM(improvement of depressive-like behaviours,gastrointestinal disorder,monoamine neurotransmitters,ghrelin,endocrine hormones,pro-inflammatory factors,oxidative stress indicators).In addition,3ACs demonstrated superiority over 2ACs in improving depression and levels of multiple stress mediators.Zhiqiao(Fructus Aurantii Submaturus)(FRA)reduced acute stress-induced hyperactivation of the cingulate cortex,thalamus,hypothalamus,and entorhinal cortex and elevated BOLD signaling in the insular cortex,temporal association cortex.Furthermore,FRA upregulated pathways of neurotransmitter receptor activity and serotonergic synaptic function and downregulated inflammation-related pathways at the genetic level.CONCLUSION:2ACs and 3ACs closely reflected FM's multifunctional effect in antidepressant and prokinetic.FRA restores stress-impaired neural connectivity in functional brain regions and improves synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis at the genetic level.
