Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions...Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.展开更多
This study focuses on the hydrated ion bridge(HIB)effect at the oil-rock interface in low-to ultra-low-permeability oil reservoirs.It systematically summarizes the research methodologies,formation mechanisms,interacti...This study focuses on the hydrated ion bridge(HIB)effect at the oil-rock interface in low-to ultra-low-permeability oil reservoirs.It systematically summarizes the research methodologies,formation mechanisms,interaction strength,and disruption mechanisms of HIB,and discusses the influencing mechanisms of HIB on the occurrence state and mobility of crude oil.On this basis,the key challenges inherent in the current HIB research are analyzed,and prospective directions for future development are proposed.Currently,research in this field primarily relies on experimental characterization techniques and molecular simulation methods.The microscopic interactions involved in HIB formation mainly include electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.Notably,the hydrogen bonds between polar molecules in crude oil and hydrated ions serve as the primary sites for disrupting the HIB effect.The interaction strength of HIB is collectively modulated by ion type and concentration,reservoir solution environment,mineral type of reservoir rocks,and polar components in crude oil,which subsequently influence the occurrence state and mobility of crude oil.Systematic challenges persist in HIB-related research across three dimensions:research methodologies,scale integration and geological complexity.Specifically,the dynamic evolution mechanism of HIB remains inadequately elucidated;a discontinuity exists in the connection of spatiotemporal cross-scale modeling and prediction;and the reproducibility of actual geological environments in experimental settings is insufficient.Future research may pursue breakthroughs in the following three aspects:(1)developing in-situ dynamic experimental characterization techniques and machine learning-augmented simulation strategies;(2)establishing a framework for cross-scale model fusion and upscaling prediction;and(3)conducting in-depth studies on HIB under the coupled effects of complex mineral systems and multi-physical fields.展开更多
We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides （HFOs） using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents （denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS...We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides （HFOs） using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents （denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS） were employed for Sb（V） removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb（V） removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb（V） uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb（V） than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for 1OCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb（V） adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb（V） adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb（V） and HFO, and Ca（II） induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb（V） in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5μg/L （the drinking water standard regulated by China）, and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that porous hydrated calcium silicate （PS） is very effective in decreasing cadmium （Cd） content in brown rice. However, it is unclear whether the PS influences cadmium transformation in...Previous studies have shown that porous hydrated calcium silicate （PS） is very effective in decreasing cadmium （Cd） content in brown rice. However, it is unclear whether the PS influences cadmium transformation in soil. The present study examined the effect of PS on pH, cadmium transformation and cadmium solubility in Andosol and Alluvial soil, and also compared its effects with CaCO3, acidic porous hydrated calcium silicate （APS） and silica gel. Soil cadmium was operationally fractionationed into exchangeable （Exch）, bound to carbonates （Carb）, bound to iron and manganese oxides （FeMnOx）, bound to organic matters （OM） and residual （Res） fraction. Application of PS and CaCO3 at hig rates enhanced soil pH, while APS and silica gel did not obviously change soil pH. PS and CaCO3 also increased the FeMnOx-Cd in Andosol and Carb-Cd in Alluvial soil, thus reducing the Exch-Cd in the tested soils. However, PS was less effective than CaCO3 at the same application rate. Cadmium fractions in the two soils were not changed by the treatments of APS and silica gel. There were no obvious differences in the solubility of cadmium in soils treated with PS, APS, silica gel and CaCO3 except Andosol treated 2.0% CaCO3 at the same pH of soil-CaC12 suspensions. These findings suggested that the decrease of cadmium availability in soil was mainly attributed to the increase of soil pH caused by PS.展开更多
The total synthesis of a hydrated aurone derivative, 2-benzyl-4-methoxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3（2H）-one, has been achieved for the first time with 2.4% overall yield. Using phloroglucinol as the starting material,...The total synthesis of a hydrated aurone derivative, 2-benzyl-4-methoxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3（2H）-one, has been achieved for the first time with 2.4% overall yield. Using phloroglucinol as the starting material, the key steps included Friedel-Crafts acylation, Williamson synthesis, hydrogenolysis, aldol condensation, enolization and Rubottom oxidation.展开更多
Hydrated ferric oxide(HFO)has high adsorption efficiency for As(Ⅲ).However,its high self-aggregation usually reduces the efficiency and limits the scaledup application.Herein,biochar(BC),with large surface area and a...Hydrated ferric oxide(HFO)has high adsorption efficiency for As(Ⅲ).However,its high self-aggregation usually reduces the efficiency and limits the scaledup application.Herein,biochar(BC),with large surface area and amounts of surface functional groups was used to tune the loading and distribution of HFO to prepare an efficient adsorbent(HFO/BC)via in-situ synthesis method.The influence of the mass ratio of iron salt to BC on HFO/BC morphology was investigated,and the mechanism was discussed.The results showed that novel HFO was formed and distributed uniformly on the surface of BC when the mass ratio of iron salt to BC was 5:1.The adsorption kinetics and isotherms studies show that the novel HFO/BC(5:1)composite can fast treat As(Ⅲ)with a high adsorption capacity of 104.55 mg·g^(-1),indicating that it is a potential material for removing arsenic from polluted water.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)hold great potential in large-scale energy storage systems due to the merits of low-cost and high safety.However,the unstable structure of cathode materials and sluggish(de)intercalation ...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)hold great potential in large-scale energy storage systems due to the merits of low-cost and high safety.However,the unstable structure of cathode materials and sluggish(de)intercalation kinetics of Zn2+pose challenges for further development.Herein,highly reversible aqueous ZIBs are constructed with layered hydrated vanadium oxide as a cathode material.The electrochemical performances are further tested with the optimized electrolyte of 3M Zn(CF3SO3)2 and a cut-off voltage of 0.4 to 1.3 V,exhibiting a remarkable capacity of 290mAh g−1 at 0.5Ag−1,and long-term cycling stability at high current density.Furthermore,the Zn2+storage mechanism of V3O7⋅H2O is recognized as a highly reversible(de)intercalation process with good structural stability,implying the potential application in the field of large-scale energy storage.展开更多
Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the ...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.展开更多
Modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses and dielectric spectroscopy were used to investigate the glass transition of hydrated wheat gliadin powders with moisture absorp...Modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses and dielectric spectroscopy were used to investigate the glass transition of hydrated wheat gliadin powders with moisture absorption ranged from 2.30 db% to 18.21 db%. Glass transition temperature （Tg） of dry wheat gliadin was estimated according to the Gordon- Taylor equation. Structural heterogeneity at high degrees of hydration was revealed in dielectric temperature and frequency spectra. The activation energies （Ea） of the two relaxations were calculated from Arrhenius equation.展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),in particular quasi-solid-state ZIBs,occupy a crucial position in the field of energy storage devices owing to the superiorities of abundant zinc reserve,low cost,high safety and high theoreti...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),in particular quasi-solid-state ZIBs,occupy a crucial position in the field of energy storage devices owing to the superiorities of abundant zinc reserve,low cost,high safety and high theoretical capacity of zinc anode.However,as divalent Zn^(2+)ions experience strong electrostatic interactions when intercalating into the cathode materials,which poses challenges to the structural stability and higher demand in Zn^(2+)ions diffusion kinetics of the cathode materials.Here,a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is adopted to prepare pre-potassiated hydrated vanadium pentoxide(K_(0.52)V_(2)O_(5)·0.29H_(2)O,abbreviated as KHVO)cathode material,in which the potassium ions preinserted into the interlayers can act as“pillars”to stabilize the lamellar structure,and crystal water can act as“lubricant”to improve the diffusion efficiency of Zn^(2+)ions.Consequently,the KHVO displays high electrochemical properties with high capacity(∼300 mAh/g),superior rate capability(69 mAh/g at 5 A/g)and ultralong cycling performance(>1500 cycles at 2 A/g)in quasi-solid-state ZIBs.These superior Zn storage properties result from the large diffusion coefficient and highly stable and reversible Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation reaction of KHVO.展开更多
We experimentally studied the interaction between pozzolanic material（fly ash） and dehydrated autoclaved aerated concrete（DAAC）. The DAAC powder was obtained by grinding aerated concrete waste to particles fi ner ...We experimentally studied the interaction between pozzolanic material（fly ash） and dehydrated autoclaved aerated concrete（DAAC）. The DAAC powder was obtained by grinding aerated concrete waste to particles fi ner than 75μm and was then heated to temperatures up to 900 ℃. New cementitious material was prepared by proportioning fly ash and DAAC, named as AF. X-ray diffraction（XRD） was employed to identify the crystalline phases of DAAC before and after rehydration. The hydration process of AF was analyzed by the heat of hydration and non-evaporable water content（Wn）. The experimental results show that the highest reactivity of DAAC can be obtained by calcining the powder at 700 ℃ and the dehydrated products are mainly β-C2 S and CaO. The cumulative heat of hydration and Wn was found to be strongly dependent on the replacement level of fl y ash, increasing the replacement level of fl y ash lowered them in AF. The strength contribution rates on pozzolanic effect of fl y ash in AF are always negative, showing a contrary tendency of that of cement-fl y ash system.展开更多
The kinetics of removal of loss on ignition(LOI) by thermal decomposition of hydrated minerals present in natural iron ores(i.e.,kaolinite,gibbsite,and goethite) was investigated in a laboratory-scale vertical fluidiz...The kinetics of removal of loss on ignition(LOI) by thermal decomposition of hydrated minerals present in natural iron ores(i.e.,kaolinite,gibbsite,and goethite) was investigated in a laboratory-scale vertical fluidized bed reactor(FBR) using isothermal methods of kinetic analysis.Experiments in the FBR in batch processes were carried out at different temperatures(300 to 1200°C) and residence time(1 to 30 min) for four different iron ore samples with various LOIs(2.34wt% to 9.83wt%).The operating velocity was maintained in the range from 1.2 to 1.4 times the minimum fluidization velocity(Umf).We observed that,below a certain critical temperature,the FBR did not effectively reduce the LOI to a desired level even with increased residence time.The results of this study indicate that the LOI level could be reduced by 90% within 1 min of residence time at 1100°C.The kinetics for low-LOI samples(<6wt%) indicates two different reaction mechanisms in two temperature regimes.At lower temperatures(300 to 700°C),the kinetics is characterized by a lower activation energy(diffusion-controlled physical moisture removal),followed by a higher activation energy(chemically controlled removal of LOI).In the case of high-LOI samples,three different kinetics mechanisms prevail at different temperature regimes.At temperature up to 450°C,diffusion kinetics prevails(removal of physical moisture);at temperature from 450 to 650°C,chemical kinetics dominates during removal of matrix moisture.At temperatures greater than 650°C,nucleation and growth begins to influence the rate of removal of LOI.展开更多
The hydration of quick lime and the sulfation of hydrated lime were carried out for verification of relationship between the reactivity of quick lime and the properties of hydrated lime as a sorbent. The effect of rea...The hydration of quick lime and the sulfation of hydrated lime were carried out for verification of relationship between the reactivity of quick lime and the properties of hydrated lime as a sorbent. The effect of reactivity of quick lime was investigated with the change of calcination temperature and time. Results obtained showed that the temperature rise during the hydration of quick limes varied from 31 to 69℃ with the variation of calcination temperature and time. The specific surface area and the sulfation ability of hydrated lime prepared by hydration of quick lime showed a proportional relationship with the reactivity of quick lime. The hydrated lime which was prepared by hydration of quick lime calcined at 1100℃ had the highest reactivity and showed 41.53 m^2/g of the specific surface area, 0.16 cm^3/g of the pore volume and 87% of the removal efficiency for SO2 removal,展开更多
Based on a simple improved model of reorganization phenomenon and ion-dipole fore. field potential, a new formalism of inner-spher reorganization energy is presented Calculation agrees well with experimental spectrosc...Based on a simple improved model of reorganization phenomenon and ion-dipole fore. field potential, a new formalism of inner-spher reorganization energy is presented Calculation agrees well with experimental spectroscopic scale data and photoemission experimental results.展开更多
The effects of sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonic acid and stearic acid on the hydration of silica fume and Ca(OH)2 have been investigated. The hydration was carried out at 60℃ and W/S ratio of 4 for va...The effects of sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonic acid and stearic acid on the hydration of silica fume and Ca(OH)2 have been investigated. The hydration was carried out at 60℃ and W/S ratio of 4 for various time intervals namely, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days and in the presence of 0, 2% and 5% superplasticizer and stearic acid. The results of the hydration kinetics show that both admixtures accelerate the hydration reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide during the first 7 days. Whereas, after 28 days hydration there is no significant effect. Generally, most of free calcium hydroxide seems to be consumed after 28 days. In addition, the phase composition as well as the microstructure of the formed hydrates was examined by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively.展开更多
To improve the efficiency and stability of chloride immobilization of portland cement paste,hydrated calcium aluminate cement(HCAC)prepared by wet grinding of CAC was added into portland cement paste as an additive.Th...To improve the efficiency and stability of chloride immobilization of portland cement paste,hydrated calcium aluminate cement(HCAC)prepared by wet grinding of CAC was added into portland cement paste as an additive.The immobilized chloride ratio(ICR)was evaluated,and the mechanism of chloride immobilization was researched by XRD,DTG,NMR,and MIP tests.The analysis results demonstrated that HCAC could improve the chloride immobilization capacity of portland cement paste.The mechanism was attributed to the following aspects:chemical binding capacity was enhanced via producing more Kuzel’s salt;physical adsorption capacity was reduced by decreasing the C-S-H gel;migration resistance was enhanced through refining the pore structure.展开更多
Using density functional theory computation, we show that sodium ions and hydrated sodium ions can be strongly adsorbed onto a hydrophobic graphite surface via cation-π interactions. The key to this eation-π interac...Using density functional theory computation, we show that sodium ions and hydrated sodium ions can be strongly adsorbed onto a hydrophobic graphite surface via cation-π interactions. The key to this eation-π interaction is the coupling of the delocalized π states of graphite and the empty orbitals of sodium ions. This finding implies that the property of the graphite surface is extremely dependent on the existence of the ions on the surface, suggesting that the hydrophobic property of the graphite surface may be affected by the existence of the sodium ions.展开更多
Theoretical study was performed to investigate how the hydration of cadmium ca-tion influences the structure and properties of guanine.The aqueous environment was simulated by both explicit solvent（1-5 water molecule...Theoretical study was performed to investigate how the hydration of cadmium ca-tion influences the structure and properties of guanine.The aqueous environment was simulated by both explicit solvent（1-5 water molecules） model and implicit solvent model.For complexes in which Cd2＋ attached to the N（7） and O（6） sites of guanine,energy analysis together with the Natural Bonding Orbital（NBO） analysis were performed to elucidate the bonding characteristics in detail.The most stable structures are penta-coordinate complexes without aqua ligand located at the guanine site.Higher number of water ligands corresponds to higher stabilization energies.Average bonding energies of G-Cd increase with the number of water molecules.Bonding energies of water ligands depend on its position in the complexes.The charge distribution of guanine changed with increasing the number of water ligands,which may also influence the base-pairing pattern of guanine.There is positive charge transfer from guanine to aqua ligand as the number of the hydration waters increases.IEFPCM optimization has results comparable to the [CdG（H2O）5]2＋ structure 5a.展开更多
Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and ...Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and utilizes the more exact potential functions between central metal ion and the inner-sphere ligands.The parameters involved are determined via the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data.The predictions of the inner-sphere reorganization energies from those models agree well with the photoemission experimental results.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209036,U23A20119)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Excellent Youth Project(E2023202069)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF0506000,2024YFB4609100)Fundamental Research Foundation from Hebei University of Technology(424132016,282021485).
文摘Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2019YFA0708700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52542310).
文摘This study focuses on the hydrated ion bridge(HIB)effect at the oil-rock interface in low-to ultra-low-permeability oil reservoirs.It systematically summarizes the research methodologies,formation mechanisms,interaction strength,and disruption mechanisms of HIB,and discusses the influencing mechanisms of HIB on the occurrence state and mobility of crude oil.On this basis,the key challenges inherent in the current HIB research are analyzed,and prospective directions for future development are proposed.Currently,research in this field primarily relies on experimental characterization techniques and molecular simulation methods.The microscopic interactions involved in HIB formation mainly include electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.Notably,the hydrogen bonds between polar molecules in crude oil and hydrated ions serve as the primary sites for disrupting the HIB effect.The interaction strength of HIB is collectively modulated by ion type and concentration,reservoir solution environment,mineral type of reservoir rocks,and polar components in crude oil,which subsequently influence the occurrence state and mobility of crude oil.Systematic challenges persist in HIB-related research across three dimensions:research methodologies,scale integration and geological complexity.Specifically,the dynamic evolution mechanism of HIB remains inadequately elucidated;a discontinuity exists in the connection of spatiotemporal cross-scale modeling and prediction;and the reproducibility of actual geological environments in experimental settings is insufficient.Future research may pursue breakthroughs in the following three aspects:(1)developing in-situ dynamic experimental characterization techniques and machine learning-augmented simulation strategies;(2)establishing a framework for cross-scale model fusion and upscaling prediction;and(3)conducting in-depth studies on HIB under the coupled effects of complex mineral systems and multi-physical fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21177059)the Depart-ment of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Province(No.BK2012017/2011016,BE2012160)
文摘We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides （HFOs） using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents （denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS） were employed for Sb（V） removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb（V） removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb（V） uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb（V） than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for 1OCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb（V） adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb（V） adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb（V） and HFO, and Ca（II） induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb（V） in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5μg/L （the drinking water standard regulated by China）, and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.
基金Project supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Ministry of Education, Science, Sport, and Technology of Japan (No.13876015).
文摘Previous studies have shown that porous hydrated calcium silicate （PS） is very effective in decreasing cadmium （Cd） content in brown rice. However, it is unclear whether the PS influences cadmium transformation in soil. The present study examined the effect of PS on pH, cadmium transformation and cadmium solubility in Andosol and Alluvial soil, and also compared its effects with CaCO3, acidic porous hydrated calcium silicate （APS） and silica gel. Soil cadmium was operationally fractionationed into exchangeable （Exch）, bound to carbonates （Carb）, bound to iron and manganese oxides （FeMnOx）, bound to organic matters （OM） and residual （Res） fraction. Application of PS and CaCO3 at hig rates enhanced soil pH, while APS and silica gel did not obviously change soil pH. PS and CaCO3 also increased the FeMnOx-Cd in Andosol and Carb-Cd in Alluvial soil, thus reducing the Exch-Cd in the tested soils. However, PS was less effective than CaCO3 at the same application rate. Cadmium fractions in the two soils were not changed by the treatments of APS and silica gel. There were no obvious differences in the solubility of cadmium in soils treated with PS, APS, silica gel and CaCO3 except Andosol treated 2.0% CaCO3 at the same pH of soil-CaC12 suspensions. These findings suggested that the decrease of cadmium availability in soil was mainly attributed to the increase of soil pH caused by PS.
文摘The total synthesis of a hydrated aurone derivative, 2-benzyl-4-methoxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3（2H）-one, has been achieved for the first time with 2.4% overall yield. Using phloroglucinol as the starting material, the key steps included Friedel-Crafts acylation, Williamson synthesis, hydrogenolysis, aldol condensation, enolization and Rubottom oxidation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173208)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou University(Dr.LJL)。
文摘Hydrated ferric oxide(HFO)has high adsorption efficiency for As(Ⅲ).However,its high self-aggregation usually reduces the efficiency and limits the scaledup application.Herein,biochar(BC),with large surface area and amounts of surface functional groups was used to tune the loading and distribution of HFO to prepare an efficient adsorbent(HFO/BC)via in-situ synthesis method.The influence of the mass ratio of iron salt to BC on HFO/BC morphology was investigated,and the mechanism was discussed.The results showed that novel HFO was formed and distributed uniformly on the surface of BC when the mass ratio of iron salt to BC was 5:1.The adsorption kinetics and isotherms studies show that the novel HFO/BC(5:1)composite can fast treat As(Ⅲ)with a high adsorption capacity of 104.55 mg·g^(-1),indicating that it is a potential material for removing arsenic from polluted water.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.51932011,51972346,51802356,and 51872334)Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(No.2020CX024).
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)hold great potential in large-scale energy storage systems due to the merits of low-cost and high safety.However,the unstable structure of cathode materials and sluggish(de)intercalation kinetics of Zn2+pose challenges for further development.Herein,highly reversible aqueous ZIBs are constructed with layered hydrated vanadium oxide as a cathode material.The electrochemical performances are further tested with the optimized electrolyte of 3M Zn(CF3SO3)2 and a cut-off voltage of 0.4 to 1.3 V,exhibiting a remarkable capacity of 290mAh g−1 at 0.5Ag−1,and long-term cycling stability at high current density.Furthermore,the Zn2+storage mechanism of V3O7⋅H2O is recognized as a highly reversible(de)intercalation process with good structural stability,implying the potential application in the field of large-scale energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274302)。
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50773068 and 50473039)
文摘Modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses and dielectric spectroscopy were used to investigate the glass transition of hydrated wheat gliadin powders with moisture absorption ranged from 2.30 db% to 18.21 db%. Glass transition temperature （Tg） of dry wheat gliadin was estimated according to the Gordon- Taylor equation. Structural heterogeneity at high degrees of hydration was revealed in dielectric temperature and frequency spectra. The activation energies （Ea） of the two relaxations were calculated from Arrhenius equation.
基金the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Nos.51972067,51802265,51802044,51902062 and 51802043)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2019B151502039).
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),in particular quasi-solid-state ZIBs,occupy a crucial position in the field of energy storage devices owing to the superiorities of abundant zinc reserve,low cost,high safety and high theoretical capacity of zinc anode.However,as divalent Zn^(2+)ions experience strong electrostatic interactions when intercalating into the cathode materials,which poses challenges to the structural stability and higher demand in Zn^(2+)ions diffusion kinetics of the cathode materials.Here,a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is adopted to prepare pre-potassiated hydrated vanadium pentoxide(K_(0.52)V_(2)O_(5)·0.29H_(2)O,abbreviated as KHVO)cathode material,in which the potassium ions preinserted into the interlayers can act as“pillars”to stabilize the lamellar structure,and crystal water can act as“lubricant”to improve the diffusion efficiency of Zn^(2+)ions.Consequently,the KHVO displays high electrochemical properties with high capacity(∼300 mAh/g),superior rate capability(69 mAh/g at 5 A/g)and ultralong cycling performance(>1500 cycles at 2 A/g)in quasi-solid-state ZIBs.These superior Zn storage properties result from the large diffusion coefficient and highly stable and reversible Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation reaction of KHVO.
基金Funded by the"863"National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA06A112)
文摘We experimentally studied the interaction between pozzolanic material（fly ash） and dehydrated autoclaved aerated concrete（DAAC）. The DAAC powder was obtained by grinding aerated concrete waste to particles fi ner than 75μm and was then heated to temperatures up to 900 ℃. New cementitious material was prepared by proportioning fly ash and DAAC, named as AF. X-ray diffraction（XRD） was employed to identify the crystalline phases of DAAC before and after rehydration. The hydration process of AF was analyzed by the heat of hydration and non-evaporable water content（Wn）. The experimental results show that the highest reactivity of DAAC can be obtained by calcining the powder at 700 ℃ and the dehydrated products are mainly β-C2 S and CaO. The cumulative heat of hydration and Wn was found to be strongly dependent on the replacement level of fl y ash, increasing the replacement level of fl y ash lowered them in AF. The strength contribution rates on pozzolanic effect of fl y ash in AF are always negative, showing a contrary tendency of that of cement-fl y ash system.
基金the Ministry of Steel,New Delhi for sponsoring the research work
文摘The kinetics of removal of loss on ignition(LOI) by thermal decomposition of hydrated minerals present in natural iron ores(i.e.,kaolinite,gibbsite,and goethite) was investigated in a laboratory-scale vertical fluidized bed reactor(FBR) using isothermal methods of kinetic analysis.Experiments in the FBR in batch processes were carried out at different temperatures(300 to 1200°C) and residence time(1 to 30 min) for four different iron ore samples with various LOIs(2.34wt% to 9.83wt%).The operating velocity was maintained in the range from 1.2 to 1.4 times the minimum fluidization velocity(Umf).We observed that,below a certain critical temperature,the FBR did not effectively reduce the LOI to a desired level even with increased residence time.The results of this study indicate that the LOI level could be reduced by 90% within 1 min of residence time at 1100°C.The kinetics for low-LOI samples(<6wt%) indicates two different reaction mechanisms in two temperature regimes.At lower temperatures(300 to 700°C),the kinetics is characterized by a lower activation energy(diffusion-controlled physical moisture removal),followed by a higher activation energy(chemically controlled removal of LOI).In the case of high-LOI samples,three different kinetics mechanisms prevail at different temperature regimes.At temperature up to 450°C,diffusion kinetics prevails(removal of physical moisture);at temperature from 450 to 650°C,chemical kinetics dominates during removal of matrix moisture.At temperatures greater than 650°C,nucleation and growth begins to influence the rate of removal of LOI.
基金supported by grants-in-aid for the National Research Laboratory Program from MOST/KOSEF (No. R0A-2003-000-10320)partially supported by grants-in-aid for the National Core Research Center Program from MOST/KOSEF (No. R15-2006-022-01001-0)
文摘The hydration of quick lime and the sulfation of hydrated lime were carried out for verification of relationship between the reactivity of quick lime and the properties of hydrated lime as a sorbent. The effect of reactivity of quick lime was investigated with the change of calcination temperature and time. Results obtained showed that the temperature rise during the hydration of quick limes varied from 31 to 69℃ with the variation of calcination temperature and time. The specific surface area and the sulfation ability of hydrated lime prepared by hydration of quick lime showed a proportional relationship with the reactivity of quick lime. The hydrated lime which was prepared by hydration of quick lime calcined at 1100℃ had the highest reactivity and showed 41.53 m^2/g of the specific surface area, 0.16 cm^3/g of the pore volume and 87% of the removal efficiency for SO2 removal,
文摘Based on a simple improved model of reorganization phenomenon and ion-dipole fore. field potential, a new formalism of inner-spher reorganization energy is presented Calculation agrees well with experimental spectroscopic scale data and photoemission experimental results.
文摘The effects of sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonic acid and stearic acid on the hydration of silica fume and Ca(OH)2 have been investigated. The hydration was carried out at 60℃ and W/S ratio of 4 for various time intervals namely, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days and in the presence of 0, 2% and 5% superplasticizer and stearic acid. The results of the hydration kinetics show that both admixtures accelerate the hydration reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide during the first 7 days. Whereas, after 28 days hydration there is no significant effect. Generally, most of free calcium hydroxide seems to be consumed after 28 days. In addition, the phase composition as well as the microstructure of the formed hydrates was examined by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52278275 and 52202029)the Major Technical Innovation Project in Hubei Province of China(No.2021BAA060)。
文摘To improve the efficiency and stability of chloride immobilization of portland cement paste,hydrated calcium aluminate cement(HCAC)prepared by wet grinding of CAC was added into portland cement paste as an additive.The immobilized chloride ratio(ICR)was evaluated,and the mechanism of chloride immobilization was researched by XRD,DTG,NMR,and MIP tests.The analysis results demonstrated that HCAC could improve the chloride immobilization capacity of portland cement paste.The mechanism was attributed to the following aspects:chemical binding capacity was enhanced via producing more Kuzel’s salt;physical adsorption capacity was reduced by decreasing the C-S-H gel;migration resistance was enhanced through refining the pore structure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674146 and 10825520)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB936000)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Using density functional theory computation, we show that sodium ions and hydrated sodium ions can be strongly adsorbed onto a hydrophobic graphite surface via cation-π interactions. The key to this eation-π interaction is the coupling of the delocalized π states of graphite and the empty orbitals of sodium ions. This finding implies that the property of the graphite surface is extremely dependent on the existence of the ions on the surface, suggesting that the hydrophobic property of the graphite surface may be affected by the existence of the sodium ions.
基金supported by the NNSFC (20973174)the Young Scientist Fund of NSFC (81001403)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Fundthe Institute Key Program (SZD08003) of FJIRSM
文摘Theoretical study was performed to investigate how the hydration of cadmium ca-tion influences the structure and properties of guanine.The aqueous environment was simulated by both explicit solvent（1-5 water molecules） model and implicit solvent model.For complexes in which Cd2＋ attached to the N（7） and O（6） sites of guanine,energy analysis together with the Natural Bonding Orbital（NBO） analysis were performed to elucidate the bonding characteristics in detail.The most stable structures are penta-coordinate complexes without aqua ligand located at the guanine site.Higher number of water ligands corresponds to higher stabilization energies.Average bonding energies of G-Cd increase with the number of water molecules.Bonding energies of water ligands depend on its position in the complexes.The charge distribution of guanine changed with increasing the number of water ligands,which may also influence the base-pairing pattern of guanine.There is positive charge transfer from guanine to aqua ligand as the number of the hydration waters increases.IEFPCM optimization has results comparable to the [CdG（H2O）5]2＋ structure 5a.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
文摘Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and utilizes the more exact potential functions between central metal ion and the inner-sphere ligands.The parameters involved are determined via the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data.The predictions of the inner-sphere reorganization energies from those models agree well with the photoemission experimental results.
