Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and successfully used to analyze chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids. Twenty-two previously reported cpSSR primer pairs ...Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and successfully used to analyze chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids. Twenty-two previously reported cpSSR primer pairs from pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), rice (Otyza sativa L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were tested in Citrus, nine of which could amplify intensive PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids from nine fusions was then analyzed, and five of the nine pre-screened primer pairs showed polymorphisms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed the random inheritance nature of chloroplast genome in all analyzed Citrus somatic hybrids, which was in agreement with previous reports based on RFLP or CAPS analyses. It was also shown that cpSSR is a more efficient tool in chloroplast genome analyses of somatic hybrids in higher plants, compared with the conventional RFLP or CAPS analyses.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic h...[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their filial generations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.[Result]The protein spectrum of filial generation with L.davidii var.unicolor as parent not only appeared the homologous band as parent with darker coloring,but also had new bands compared with parent.Peroxidase zymogram of hybrid F1 mainly displayed incomplete complementary and hybrid type of parent.[Conclusion]Protein spectrum and peroxidase zymogram could be used as the biochemical markers for the identification of hybrids of lily,which could also detect the target traits of plant.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and ...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.展开更多
Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodive...Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids resilient to low nitrogen conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially under low nitrogen conditions. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of maize lines, recognize promising hybrids, and study gene action controlling key traits under low and recommended N stress conditions. The half-diallel mating design hybridized seven maize inbreds, resulting in 21 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with two high-yielding commercial hybrids (SC10 and TWC310), were evaluated in field trials under recommended (290 kg/ha) and low N (166 kg N/ha) conditions. Significant variations were observed among assessed hybrids for all measured traits, with non-additive gene action being predominant for grain yield and its related characteristics under recommended and low N conditions. Inbred lines P105 and P106 were recognized as effective combiners for earliness, with P105 also excelling in shorter plant height and lower ear placement. In addition, P101, P102, and P104 were identified as good combiners for increasing grain yield and related attributes under low N conditions. The crosses P105 × P106 and P106 × P107 demonstrated outstanding heterotic effects for earliness, while hybrids P101 × P102 and P102 × P104 exhibited remarkable heterotic effects for grain yield low nitrogen stress conditions. These promising hybrids could be considered for commercial use after further evaluation. Strong positive correlations were found between grain yield and ear height, plant height, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight, highlighting their importance for indirect selection to enhance the grain yield of maize under low N stress conditions.展开更多
Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high qualit...Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.展开更多
Background Hybrid cotton enjoys overwhelming patronage among cotton farmers because of its superior yield capacity and fiber quality.However,various environmental factors affect its yield and fiber quality.This study ...Background Hybrid cotton enjoys overwhelming patronage among cotton farmers because of its superior yield capacity and fiber quality.However,various environmental factors affect its yield and fiber quality.This study aimed to assess 30 cotton hybrids for the stability of four traits(single-plant seed cotton yield,fiber upper half mean length(UHML),fiber strength,and micronaire)across three environments.Recent techniques,including genotype and genotype×environment(GGE)biplot,which provides a visual representation of performance and adaptability;weighted average absolute scores of the best linear unbiased predictions(WAASB),which balances the performance of the trait with stability;and multi-trait stability index(MTSI),which integrates multi-trait performance and stability,were used to analyze the stability of the four traits.Results Analysis of variance revealed significant genotype and environment interactions for all the traits studied,highlighting the need for comprehensive stability analysis.The environment E2 was the most suitable for the evaluation of seed cotton yield,whereas E3 was suitable for the evaluation of UHML and fiber strength.A stable hybrid,H05(TVH002×MCU5),with superior performance for seed cotton yield and UHML,was identified based on the overall results from GGE and WAASB.The which-won-where bioplot showed that H25(SVPR3×MCU5)performed the best for seed cotton yield in E3,and H27(Suraj×Sunantha)in E2 and E1.The hybrid H04(TVH002×CO14)in E1 and H30(Suraj×MCU5)in E2 and E3 performed well for UHML.Similarly,H28(Suraj×Suraksha)for E2 and E3 and H26(Suraj×Subiksha)for E1 were the best performing in the case of fiber strength.Based on the MTSI,four promising hybrids,namely,H24(SVPR3×CO14),H09(TVH2010×CO14),H18(MCU7×Suraksha),and H29(Suraj×CO14),were identified as stable with average performance for all four traits.Conclusions The study identified a stable hybrid,H05(TVH002×MCU5),with superior performance for yield and UHML.The identified hybrids in this study hold significant potential for cultivation across Tamil Nadu,with a scope for further evaluation in diverse environments.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to evaluate the resistance of particular corn hybrids against northern leaf blight. [ Method ] Using artificial inoculation meth- od, the resistance of 238 copies of particular corn hybrids ...[ Objective] The paper was to evaluate the resistance of particular corn hybrids against northern leaf blight. [ Method ] Using artificial inoculation meth- od, the resistance of 238 copies of particular corn hybrids including silage corn, high oil corn, waxy corn and sweet corn against northern leaf blight was evaluated. [ Result] The corn samples with high resistance, resistance, moderate resistance, susceptibility and high susceptibility to northern leaf blight among 238 copies of materials in identification accounted for 0.8%, 20.6%, 44. 1%, 24.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Different types of varieties had significant difference in resist- ance. Among cern varieties with moderate resistance or higher level, silage corn accounted for 87.8% ; high oil corn and waxy corn accounted for 73.3% and 61.3 %, respectively; sweet corn was less, accounting for 44.2%. Sixteen of 30 approved particular corn varieties showed resistance, accounting for 53.3 % of total approved varieties. [Condusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for breeding and planting of particular corn hybrids with resistance against northern leaf blight.展开更多
[ Objective] This study was to investigate the distribution of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa, so as to provide references for revealing the physiological functions of this gene. [Method] Wi...[ Objective] This study was to investigate the distribution of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa, so as to provide references for revealing the physiological functions of this gene. [Method] With the mRNA from different tissues as template, RT-PCR amplification was carried out for cloning cDNA of hybrid pig, which was then used for PCR reaction using specific primers; the amplification products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed by sequencing for detecting the distribution pattern of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa. [ Result] H-FABP expressed in all the twelve tissues including subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, mammary gland, Iongissimus dorsi muscle, dorsal deltoid muscle, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, ileum and duodenum. [ Conclusion] The wide distribution of H-FABP gene suggests that its functions are important and multiple.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the genetic changes of advanced generation hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus. [Method] The morphological characteristics such as the plant shape, branch...[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the genetic changes of advanced generation hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus. [Method] The morphological characteristics such as the plant shape, branching sites, leaf shape, leaf color, primary branches and secondary branches, as well as the cytological characteristics of the advanced generation hybrids (F8-F10) between B. napus and O. violaceus were observed. [Result] The morphology analysis revealed that the hybrid progeny was more like B. rapa in leaf shape, leaf color, plant shape and early flowering phenotype, whereas more like B. napus in number of secondary branches, silique length and 1 000-seed weight. Analysis on the cytogenetics characteristics showed that these advanced inbred progenies were hypoploids with less than 38 chromosomes; moreover, all the chromosomes from O. violaceus had been lost. Chromosome pairings at meiotic diakinesis of hybrids between the advanced inbred progenies and B. rapa revealed that chromosomes lost in hypoploids possibly belonged to the C genome of B. oleracea. With generations developing, chromosomes number of plants from two populations gradually increased and developed into the number of B. napus (2n=38). [Conclusion] This study will provide reference to reveal the source of chromosome lost in hypoploids and the morphological change of hybrids.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River stock ♂ ）, ZR （Zhujiang River stock ♀ ×Zhujiang River stock♂ ） and hybrids F1 （ Yangtze River stock ♀ × Zhujiang River stock ♂ ） were established, and their growth or morphological data were also measured. [ Result] The orders of body weight, standard length and absolute growth rate were F1 〉 ZR 〉 YR. No significant difference was found in body weight or standard length of 50 day-old generations （ P〉0. 05）, while there was an extremely significantly difference in those of 170 day-old generations （ P 〈0.01 ）. However, the absolute growth rate of F1 was 20.00% and 50.00% higher than that of ZR and YR respectively, and no significant difference was found between F1 and ZR （ P 〉 0.05）, but significant difference between F1 and YR （ P 〈 0.05）. F1 showed a significant hybrid vigor with rate of 20.09%. There was no significant difference among three inbred generations in standard length/total length （ P 〉 0.05）, while significant difference in head length/total length, body height/standard length and body width/standard length （ P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that F1 had the characteristics of shorter head, higher and wider body. [ Conclusion]F1 has advantages in growth performance and morphological characteristics.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Re...[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.展开更多
Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or wit...Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.展开更多
To understand the inter-hybridization between Cucumis ssp.plants,we used 150 melon varieties as female parents to cross with Cucumis metuliferus and Cucumis anguria.Only melon accessions V2 and V129 set fruits,but see...To understand the inter-hybridization between Cucumis ssp.plants,we used 150 melon varieties as female parents to cross with Cucumis metuliferus and Cucumis anguria.Only melon accessions V2 and V129 set fruits,but seeds from fruits V2（V129）×C.metuliferus were abortive.A few of seeds from the bottom of fruit V2（V129）×C.anguria were fertile.Sequence-related amplified polymorphism（SRAP）molecular markers were used to analyze the progenies of inter-specific hybridization between C.anguria and melon V129.One pair primer（E14/M2）was found effective in amplification on male parent characteristic bands from the hybrids,suggesting that some DNA exchange had happened between C.anguria and melon V129.This study provided data for analyzing the mechanism of inter-hybridization between Cucumis plants.展开更多
To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents,a series of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)/resveratrol(RES)hybrids 6 a-t were designed and synthesized.These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-or arachidonic acid(...To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents,a series of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)/resveratrol(RES)hybrids 6 a-t were designed and synthesized.These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-or arachidonic acid(AA)-induced platelet aggregation,among them,6 d,6 g-i,6 o and 6 q were more active than TMP.The most active compound 6 h exhibited more potent antiplatelet aggregation activity than TMP,RES,as well as positive control ticlopidine(Ticlid)and aspirin(ASP).Furthermore,6 h exerted strong antioxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells which were treated with hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)or hydroxyl radical(·OH).Importantly,6 h significantly protected primary neuronal cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury,comparable to an anti-ischemic drug edaravone(Eda).Together,our findings suggest that 6 h may be a promising candidate warranting further investigation for the intervention of ischemic stroke.展开更多
The present study was to test the hypothesis that the plant growth retardants chlorocholine chloride(CCC) and paclobutrazol(PBZ)could improve the carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs by enhancing photosynthetic cap...The present study was to test the hypothesis that the plant growth retardants chlorocholine chloride(CCC) and paclobutrazol(PBZ)could improve the carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and changing endogenous hormones.Plants of Lilium Oriental hybrids'Sorbonne'were treated with a foliar spray of CCC or PBZ(both at 300 mg/L)solution,at six weeks after planting(6 WAP).The morphological parameters,endogenous hormone contents(gibberellic acid(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)),and carbohydrate contents were measured from 6 to 18 WAP,at 2-week intervals.The results showed that CCC increased the biomass of leaves and stems which might produce more photoassimilates available for transportation and utilization.However,PBZ treatment suppressed vegetative growth and favored photoassimilate transportation into bulbs.A slight delay of bud and anthesis formation was observed in both treated plants.CCC and PBZ treatments substantially enhanced the sucrose contents in leaves probably due to the increase of chlorophyll contents.Treatment with CCC or PBZ decreased GA but increased IAA contents in lily bulbs which might stimulate starch accumulation and formation of new scales.Our experiment suggested that CCC or PBZ treatment is an effective method to promote carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs.展开更多
The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivisio...The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.展开更多
The utilization of hybrid rice heterosis between subspecies is an important way to prove rice breeding programs, but the low matter conversion rate of inter- subspecific hybrids becomes the bottleneck to get high yiel...The utilization of hybrid rice heterosis between subspecies is an important way to prove rice breeding programs, but the low matter conversion rate of inter- subspecific hybrids becomes the bottleneck to get high yield. To further explore the reasons for the low conversion rate of dry matters, and the coordination mechanism between biological yield＇s potential and grain yield＇s potential, we evaluated the correlations of the agronomic characters between the female parent and F1 inter subspecific hybrids, using a male parent R292, three female parents Y58S, Peiai 64S and 83S, and their hybrid combinations Y58S/292, 64S/292 and 83S/292 as experimental materials, Yueyou 9113 as the control. The results indicated that the contents of both soluble sugar and starch of all the experimental materials varied at different growth stages, and the highest starch content appeared at pre-ripening stage while soluble sugar content was the lowest. Notable positive correlations in a- gronomic characteristics were observed between the female parents and their F1 hybrids. The soluble sugar content in stem was the highest, followed by that in panicle, and the soluble sugar content in sheath and flag leaf was lower. The re- sults provide a theoretical basis for the research on heterosis and yield coordination mechanisms of inter-subspecific hybrids of rice.展开更多
The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops ...The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing.展开更多
文摘Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and successfully used to analyze chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids. Twenty-two previously reported cpSSR primer pairs from pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), rice (Otyza sativa L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were tested in Citrus, nine of which could amplify intensive PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids from nine fusions was then analyzed, and five of the nine pre-screened primer pairs showed polymorphisms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed the random inheritance nature of chloroplast genome in all analyzed Citrus somatic hybrids, which was in agreement with previous reports based on RFLP or CAPS analyses. It was also shown that cpSSR is a more efficient tool in chloroplast genome analyses of somatic hybrids in higher plants, compared with the conventional RFLP or CAPS analyses.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their filial generations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.[Result]The protein spectrum of filial generation with L.davidii var.unicolor as parent not only appeared the homologous band as parent with darker coloring,but also had new bands compared with parent.Peroxidase zymogram of hybrid F1 mainly displayed incomplete complementary and hybrid type of parent.[Conclusion]Protein spectrum and peroxidase zymogram could be used as the biochemical markers for the identification of hybrids of lily,which could also detect the target traits of plant.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Rapeseed Research System of China(nycytx-00563)High-oil Hybrid Brassica napus Rapeseed Cultivation Technology Research Program of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences[ZX(2007)015]+3 种基金New High-yield Rapeseed Cultivar Yoyan 599 Cultivation and Promotion Program of Agriculture Department of Guizhou Province[(2009)007]Hybrid Rapeseed Cultivar Youyan 599 Promotion Program of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences[(2009)030]New High-oil Rapeseed Cultivar Sanbei 98 Cultivation and Promotion Program of Agriculture Department of Guizhou Province[(2010)3087]Earmarked Fund for Modern Rapeseed Research System of Guizhou Province(GZCYTX2013-0802)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Research Supporting Project Number PNURSP2025R241,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids resilient to low nitrogen conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially under low nitrogen conditions. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of maize lines, recognize promising hybrids, and study gene action controlling key traits under low and recommended N stress conditions. The half-diallel mating design hybridized seven maize inbreds, resulting in 21 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with two high-yielding commercial hybrids (SC10 and TWC310), were evaluated in field trials under recommended (290 kg/ha) and low N (166 kg N/ha) conditions. Significant variations were observed among assessed hybrids for all measured traits, with non-additive gene action being predominant for grain yield and its related characteristics under recommended and low N conditions. Inbred lines P105 and P106 were recognized as effective combiners for earliness, with P105 also excelling in shorter plant height and lower ear placement. In addition, P101, P102, and P104 were identified as good combiners for increasing grain yield and related attributes under low N conditions. The crosses P105 × P106 and P106 × P107 demonstrated outstanding heterotic effects for earliness, while hybrids P101 × P102 and P102 × P104 exhibited remarkable heterotic effects for grain yield low nitrogen stress conditions. These promising hybrids could be considered for commercial use after further evaluation. Strong positive correlations were found between grain yield and ear height, plant height, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight, highlighting their importance for indirect selection to enhance the grain yield of maize under low N stress conditions.
基金supported by Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key R&D Program(Grant No.NXNYYZ202101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360804)+1 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Department major scientific and technological achievements transformation project(Grant No.2022CJE9007)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023AAC03064).
文摘Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.
基金The TNAU Master’s student fellowship to the senior author。
文摘Background Hybrid cotton enjoys overwhelming patronage among cotton farmers because of its superior yield capacity and fiber quality.However,various environmental factors affect its yield and fiber quality.This study aimed to assess 30 cotton hybrids for the stability of four traits(single-plant seed cotton yield,fiber upper half mean length(UHML),fiber strength,and micronaire)across three environments.Recent techniques,including genotype and genotype×environment(GGE)biplot,which provides a visual representation of performance and adaptability;weighted average absolute scores of the best linear unbiased predictions(WAASB),which balances the performance of the trait with stability;and multi-trait stability index(MTSI),which integrates multi-trait performance and stability,were used to analyze the stability of the four traits.Results Analysis of variance revealed significant genotype and environment interactions for all the traits studied,highlighting the need for comprehensive stability analysis.The environment E2 was the most suitable for the evaluation of seed cotton yield,whereas E3 was suitable for the evaluation of UHML and fiber strength.A stable hybrid,H05(TVH002×MCU5),with superior performance for seed cotton yield and UHML,was identified based on the overall results from GGE and WAASB.The which-won-where bioplot showed that H25(SVPR3×MCU5)performed the best for seed cotton yield in E3,and H27(Suraj×Sunantha)in E2 and E1.The hybrid H04(TVH002×CO14)in E1 and H30(Suraj×MCU5)in E2 and E3 performed well for UHML.Similarly,H28(Suraj×Suraksha)for E2 and E3 and H26(Suraj×Subiksha)for E1 were the best performing in the case of fiber strength.Based on the MTSI,four promising hybrids,namely,H24(SVPR3×CO14),H09(TVH2010×CO14),H18(MCU7×Suraksha),and H29(Suraj×CO14),were identified as stable with average performance for all four traits.Conclusions The study identified a stable hybrid,H05(TVH002×MCU5),with superior performance for yield and UHML.The identified hybrids in this study hold significant potential for cultivation across Tamil Nadu,with a scope for further evaluation in diverse environments.
基金Supported by Shanxi Scientific Research Project ( 20090311002-3)Science and Technology Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences( YGG0927)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to evaluate the resistance of particular corn hybrids against northern leaf blight. [ Method ] Using artificial inoculation meth- od, the resistance of 238 copies of particular corn hybrids including silage corn, high oil corn, waxy corn and sweet corn against northern leaf blight was evaluated. [ Result] The corn samples with high resistance, resistance, moderate resistance, susceptibility and high susceptibility to northern leaf blight among 238 copies of materials in identification accounted for 0.8%, 20.6%, 44. 1%, 24.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Different types of varieties had significant difference in resist- ance. Among cern varieties with moderate resistance or higher level, silage corn accounted for 87.8% ; high oil corn and waxy corn accounted for 73.3% and 61.3 %, respectively; sweet corn was less, accounting for 44.2%. Sixteen of 30 approved particular corn varieties showed resistance, accounting for 53.3 % of total approved varieties. [Condusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for breeding and planting of particular corn hybrids with resistance against northern leaf blight.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of China(No.2008AA10Z136)the Program of Liaoning Provincial Science-Technology Department(20070567)~~
文摘[ Objective] This study was to investigate the distribution of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa, so as to provide references for revealing the physiological functions of this gene. [Method] With the mRNA from different tissues as template, RT-PCR amplification was carried out for cloning cDNA of hybrid pig, which was then used for PCR reaction using specific primers; the amplification products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed by sequencing for detecting the distribution pattern of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa. [ Result] H-FABP expressed in all the twelve tissues including subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, mammary gland, Iongissimus dorsi muscle, dorsal deltoid muscle, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, ileum and duodenum. [ Conclusion] The wide distribution of H-FABP gene suggests that its functions are important and multiple.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the genetic changes of advanced generation hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus. [Method] The morphological characteristics such as the plant shape, branching sites, leaf shape, leaf color, primary branches and secondary branches, as well as the cytological characteristics of the advanced generation hybrids (F8-F10) between B. napus and O. violaceus were observed. [Result] The morphology analysis revealed that the hybrid progeny was more like B. rapa in leaf shape, leaf color, plant shape and early flowering phenotype, whereas more like B. napus in number of secondary branches, silique length and 1 000-seed weight. Analysis on the cytogenetics characteristics showed that these advanced inbred progenies were hypoploids with less than 38 chromosomes; moreover, all the chromosomes from O. violaceus had been lost. Chromosome pairings at meiotic diakinesis of hybrids between the advanced inbred progenies and B. rapa revealed that chromosomes lost in hypoploids possibly belonged to the C genome of B. oleracea. With generations developing, chromosomes number of plants from two populations gradually increased and developed into the number of B. napus (2n=38). [Conclusion] This study will provide reference to reveal the source of chromosome lost in hypoploids and the morphological change of hybrids.
基金Supported by National Freshwater Fish Industrial Technology System ProjectKey Discipline Construction Project of Shanghai(Y1101)Key Project of Science Committee in Shanghai(06DJ14003)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River stock ♂ ）, ZR （Zhujiang River stock ♀ ×Zhujiang River stock♂ ） and hybrids F1 （ Yangtze River stock ♀ × Zhujiang River stock ♂ ） were established, and their growth or morphological data were also measured. [ Result] The orders of body weight, standard length and absolute growth rate were F1 〉 ZR 〉 YR. No significant difference was found in body weight or standard length of 50 day-old generations （ P〉0. 05）, while there was an extremely significantly difference in those of 170 day-old generations （ P 〈0.01 ）. However, the absolute growth rate of F1 was 20.00% and 50.00% higher than that of ZR and YR respectively, and no significant difference was found between F1 and ZR （ P 〉 0.05）, but significant difference between F1 and YR （ P 〈 0.05）. F1 showed a significant hybrid vigor with rate of 20.09%. There was no significant difference among three inbred generations in standard length/total length （ P 〉 0.05）, while significant difference in head length/total length, body height/standard length and body width/standard length （ P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that F1 had the characteristics of shorter head, higher and wider body. [ Conclusion]F1 has advantages in growth performance and morphological characteristics.
基金Supported by Excellent Team Training Program of Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences(YAAS2014YY002)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.
基金The research is supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.
基金Supported by Special Basic Research Fund for Central Public Research Institutes(0032011018)~~
文摘To understand the inter-hybridization between Cucumis ssp.plants,we used 150 melon varieties as female parents to cross with Cucumis metuliferus and Cucumis anguria.Only melon accessions V2 and V129 set fruits,but seeds from fruits V2（V129）×C.metuliferus were abortive.A few of seeds from the bottom of fruit V2（V129）×C.anguria were fertile.Sequence-related amplified polymorphism（SRAP）molecular markers were used to analyze the progenies of inter-specific hybridization between C.anguria and melon V129.One pair primer（E14/M2）was found effective in amplification on male parent characteristic bands from the hybrids,suggesting that some DNA exchange had happened between C.anguria and melon V129.This study provided data for analyzing the mechanism of inter-hybridization between Cucumis plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.8182204181773573+5 种基金21977116and 81673305)the National Science&Technology Major Project“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”(No.2018ZX09711002-006-013)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(No.SKLNMZZCX201824)the State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis,Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia Fund(No.SKL-HIDCA-2018-1)part of the work was supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX18_0795)。
文摘To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents,a series of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)/resveratrol(RES)hybrids 6 a-t were designed and synthesized.These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-or arachidonic acid(AA)-induced platelet aggregation,among them,6 d,6 g-i,6 o and 6 q were more active than TMP.The most active compound 6 h exhibited more potent antiplatelet aggregation activity than TMP,RES,as well as positive control ticlopidine(Ticlid)and aspirin(ASP).Furthermore,6 h exerted strong antioxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells which were treated with hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)or hydroxyl radical(·OH).Importantly,6 h significantly protected primary neuronal cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury,comparable to an anti-ischemic drug edaravone(Eda).Together,our findings suggest that 6 h may be a promising candidate warranting further investigation for the intervention of ischemic stroke.
文摘The present study was to test the hypothesis that the plant growth retardants chlorocholine chloride(CCC) and paclobutrazol(PBZ)could improve the carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and changing endogenous hormones.Plants of Lilium Oriental hybrids'Sorbonne'were treated with a foliar spray of CCC or PBZ(both at 300 mg/L)solution,at six weeks after planting(6 WAP).The morphological parameters,endogenous hormone contents(gibberellic acid(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)),and carbohydrate contents were measured from 6 to 18 WAP,at 2-week intervals.The results showed that CCC increased the biomass of leaves and stems which might produce more photoassimilates available for transportation and utilization.However,PBZ treatment suppressed vegetative growth and favored photoassimilate transportation into bulbs.A slight delay of bud and anthesis formation was observed in both treated plants.CCC and PBZ treatments substantially enhanced the sucrose contents in leaves probably due to the increase of chlorophyll contents.Treatment with CCC or PBZ decreased GA but increased IAA contents in lily bulbs which might stimulate starch accumulation and formation of new scales.Our experiment suggested that CCC or PBZ treatment is an effective method to promote carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs.
文摘The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.
文摘The utilization of hybrid rice heterosis between subspecies is an important way to prove rice breeding programs, but the low matter conversion rate of inter- subspecific hybrids becomes the bottleneck to get high yield. To further explore the reasons for the low conversion rate of dry matters, and the coordination mechanism between biological yield＇s potential and grain yield＇s potential, we evaluated the correlations of the agronomic characters between the female parent and F1 inter subspecific hybrids, using a male parent R292, three female parents Y58S, Peiai 64S and 83S, and their hybrid combinations Y58S/292, 64S/292 and 83S/292 as experimental materials, Yueyou 9113 as the control. The results indicated that the contents of both soluble sugar and starch of all the experimental materials varied at different growth stages, and the highest starch content appeared at pre-ripening stage while soluble sugar content was the lowest. Notable positive correlations in a- gronomic characteristics were observed between the female parents and their F1 hybrids. The soluble sugar content in stem was the highest, followed by that in panicle, and the soluble sugar content in sheath and flag leaf was lower. The re- sults provide a theoretical basis for the research on heterosis and yield coordination mechanisms of inter-subspecific hybrids of rice.
文摘The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing.
