Nowadays,huge consumption of fossil fuels brings about serious energy crisis and environmental problems,which urge researchers to explore novel sustainable energy sources and storage systems[1,2].
The allelic frequency, the polymorphic information contents （PIC）, the number of effective alleles, the heterozygosity, and the genetic distances were studied in three imported meat sheep （Suffolk, Dorset, Texel） ...The allelic frequency, the polymorphic information contents （PIC）, the number of effective alleles, the heterozygosity, and the genetic distances were studied in three imported meat sheep （Suffolk, Dorset, Texel） and their F1 crossbred obtained from those crossed with indigenous Small Tail Hun Sheep （Suffolk♂× Small Tail Hun Sheep, SH; Dorset ♂× Small Tail Han Sheep♂, DH; Texel♂× Small Tail Hart Sheep ♀, TH） using six microsatellite DNA loci. The perpormences of three-breed crossbred （Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Texel ♂× DH ♀, Dorset ♂× TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀ ） were tested. The results indicated that there were genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite loci in six sheep populations. Six microsatellite loci could be used for genetic diversity evaluation in sheep populations. The order of three-breed heterosis by the analysis of genetic relationship from large to small was Texel ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolki ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Dorset ♂×TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀, which was in accordance with the testing results on actual heterosis. These results showed that prediction of the best three-breed hybridized combination among sheep breeds by microsatellite DNA polymorphism was feasible, which will have an important value on the reasonable utilization of introduced meat sheep and sheep breeding in our country in the future.展开更多
This paper proposes a Hybridized Ant Colony Optimization (HACO) algorithm. It integrates the advantages of Ant System (AS) and Ant Colony System (ACS) of solving optimization problems. The main focus and core of the H...This paper proposes a Hybridized Ant Colony Optimization (HACO) algorithm. It integrates the advantages of Ant System (AS) and Ant Colony System (ACS) of solving optimization problems. The main focus and core of the HACO algorithm are based on annexing the strengths of the AS, ACO and the Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) previously proposed by various researchers at one time or the order. In this paper, the HACO algorithm for solving optimization problems employs new Transition Probability relations with a Jump transition probability relation which indicates the point or path at which the desired optimum value has been met. Also, it brings to play a new pheromone updating rule and introduces the pheromone evaporation residue that calculates the amount of pheromone left after updating which serves as a guide to the successive ant traversing the path and diverse local search approaches. Regarding the computational efficiency of the HACO algorithm, we observe that the HACO algorithm can find very good solutions in a short time, as the algorithm has been tested on a number of combinatorial optimization problems and results shown to compare favourably with analytical results. This strength can be combined with other metaheuristic approaches in the future work to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems.展开更多
A scheme of investigating the intracellular metabolic fluxes in central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on isotope model and tracer experiment was developed. The metabolic model applied in this study incl...A scheme of investigating the intracellular metabolic fluxes in central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on isotope model and tracer experiment was developed. The metabolic model applied in this study includes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway,the pentose phosphate pathway,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,CO2 anaplerotic reactions,ethanol and acetate formation,and pathways involved in amino acid synthesis. The approach of hybridized genetic algorithm combined with the sequential simplex technique was used to optimize a quadratic error function without the requirement of the information on the partial derivatives. The impact of some key pa-rameters on the algorithm was studied. This approach was proved to be rapid and numerically stable in the analysis of the central metabolism of S.cerevisiae.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin(HDG)method for solving the Ito-type coupled KdV system.In fact,we use the HDG method for discre-tizing the space variable and the backward Eu...The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin(HDG)method for solving the Ito-type coupled KdV system.In fact,we use the HDG method for discre-tizing the space variable and the backward Euler explicit method for the time variable.To linearize the system,the time-lagging approach is also applied.The numerical stability of the method in the sense of the L2 norm is proved using the energy method under certain assumptions on the stabilization parameters for periodic or homogeneous Dirichlet bound-ary conditions.Numerical experiments confirm that the HDG method is capable of solving the system efficiently.It is observed that the best possible rate of convergence is achieved by the HDG method.Also,it is being illustrated numerically that the corresponding con-servation laws are satisfied for the approximate solutions of the Ito-type coupled KdV sys-tem.Thanks to the numerical experiments,it is verified that the HDG method could be more efficient than the LDG method for solving some Ito-type coupled KdV systems by comparing the corresponding computational costs and orders of convergence.展开更多
Pursuit of energy-harvesting or-storage materials to realize outstanding electricity output from nature has been regarded as a promising strategy to resolve the energy-lack issue in the future. Among them,the solar ce...Pursuit of energy-harvesting or-storage materials to realize outstanding electricity output from nature has been regarded as a promising strategy to resolve the energy-lack issue in the future. Among them,the solar cell as a solar-to-electrical conversion device has been attracted enormous interest to improve the efficiency. However, the ability to generate electricity is highly dependent on the weather conditions,in other words, there is nearly zero power output in dark-light conditions, such as rainy, cloudy, and night, lowering the monolithic power generation capacity. Here, we present a bifunctional polyaniline film via chemical bath deposition, which can harvest energy from the rain, yielding an induced current of 2.57 μA and voltage of 65.5 μV under the stimulus of real raindrop. When incorporating the functional PANi film into the traditional dye sensitized solar cell as a counter electrode, the hybridized photovoltaic can experimentally realize the enhanced output power via harvesting energy from rainy and sunny days. The current work may show a new path for development of advanced solar cells in the future.展开更多
Partially replacing polyvinyl-alcohol(PVA)fibers with polypropylene(PP)fibers in strain-hardening cementitious composites(fiber hybridization)modify certain mechanical properties of these materials.The hybridization b...Partially replacing polyvinyl-alcohol(PVA)fibers with polypropylene(PP)fibers in strain-hardening cementitious composites(fiber hybridization)modify certain mechanical properties of these materials.The hybridization based on the introduction of low-modulus hydrophobic polypropylene fibers improves the ductility and the strain-hardening behavior of the cementitious composites containing polyvinyl-alcohol fibers of different types(PVA-SHCC).Pull-out tests indicate that adding PP fibers increases the energy capacity of the hybrid composite with respect to the material containing only PVA fibers under tensile loading,and PP-fiber geometry(i.e.,section shape and length)is a key factor in enhancing the strain capacity.展开更多
The chemical bonding nature of rare earth（RE） elements can be studied by a quantitative analysis of electron domain of an atom. The outer electrons of RE elements are within the valence shell 4f^（0-14）5d^（0-1）6s...The chemical bonding nature of rare earth（RE） elements can be studied by a quantitative analysis of electron domain of an atom. The outer electrons of RE elements are within the valence shell 4f^（0-14）5d^（0-1）6s^2, which are involved in all chemical bonding features. We in this work found that the chemical bonding characteristics of 4f electrons are a kind of hybridizations, and classified them into three types of chemical bonding of 4f^（0-14）5d^（0-1）6s^2, furthermore, the coordination number ranging from 2 to 16 could thus be determined. We selected Y（NO_3）_3, La（NO_3）_3, Ce（NO_3）_3, YCl_3, LaCl_3, and CeCl_3 as examples to in-situ observe their IR spectra of chemical bonding behaviors of Y^（3＋）, La^（3＋） and Ce^（3＋） cations, which could show different chemical bonding modes of 4f and 5d electrons. In the present study, we obtained the direct criterion to confirm whether 4f electrons can participate in chemical bonding, that is, only when the coordination number of RE cations is larger than 9.展开更多
This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with scaling of variables and hybridized with different unconstrained optimization methods to solve real constrained optimization problems.The...This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with scaling of variables and hybridized with different unconstrained optimization methods to solve real constrained optimization problems.The benchmark problems used to analyze the performance of the methods were taken from G-Suite functions.The original method(FTM) and other four proposed methods:(i) FTM with scaling of variables(FTMS),(ii) FTMS hybridized with BFGS(FTMS-BFGS),(iii) FTMS hybridized with modified Powell's method(FTMS-Powell)and(iv) FTMS hybridized with PSO(FTMS-PSO), were implemented. The success rates of the methods were 80%,100%, 75%, 95% and 85%, for FTM, FTMS, FTMS-BFGS, FTMS-Powell and FTMS-PSO, respectively. Numerical experiments including real constrained problems indicated that FTMS gave the best performance, followed by FTMSPowell and FTMS-PSO. Despite the inferior performance compared to FTMS and FTMS-Powell, the FTMS-PSO method presented some advantages since good different initial points could be obtained, which allow exploring different routes through the solution space and to escape from local optima. The proposed methods proved to be an effective way of improving the performance of the original FTM.展开更多
Naphthotubes are a class of macrocycles with welldefined cavities and are appealing for molecular recognition and smart materials.In this research,we report two types of hybridized naphthotubes(HNT)which were synthesi...Naphthotubes are a class of macrocycles with welldefined cavities and are appealing for molecular recognition and smart materials.In this research,we report two types of hybridized naphthotubes(HNT)which were synthesized through the condensation of a phenyl-bis-naphthalene(PN)tweezer and a bisnaphthalene cleft.The naphthyls attached to the PN tweezer can rotate around the single bonds to form conformational mixtures.When substituents are present at the ortho positions of the naphthyls,four atropisomers are formed.The water-soluble HNT could recognize phenylpyrimidine,phenyltetrazine,and drug intermediates effectively by adopting a syn conformation in aqueous environments(up to 10^(5)M^(-1)).Moreover,a series of shear-induced hydrogels have been prepared with the newly developed hybridized naphthotube,PEGs,and different transition-metal ions,which showed much stronger gelation properties compared to the previously reported amide naphthotubes.展开更多
We report first-principles predictions of a cage-like polymeric nitrogen phase(cage-N)composed of interlocked N10 clusters stabilized by mixed sp^(2)/sp^(3) hybridization.Under high pressure,cage-N exhibits exceptiona...We report first-principles predictions of a cage-like polymeric nitrogen phase(cage-N)composed of interlocked N10 clusters stabilized by mixed sp^(2)/sp^(3) hybridization.Under high pressure,cage-N exhibits exceptional mechanical performance,including an ideal compressive strength of 343 GPa at a pressure of 300 GPa,~33% higher than that of diamond.This ultrahigh strength arises from the synergistic interplay between its three-dimensional covalent framework and hybridized bonding topology,which enables isotropic stress accommodation and dynamic electronic rearrangement.These results establish cage-N as a promising non-carbon ultrahard material and provide a bonding-driven route toward designing superhard frameworks under extreme conditions.展开更多
In this paper a hybridized weak Galerkin(HWG) finite element method for solving the Stokes equations in the primary velocity-pressure formulation is introduced.The WG method uses weak functions and their weak derivati...In this paper a hybridized weak Galerkin(HWG) finite element method for solving the Stokes equations in the primary velocity-pressure formulation is introduced.The WG method uses weak functions and their weak derivatives which are defined as distributions.Weak functions and weak derivatives can be approximated by piecewise polynomials with various degrees.Different combination of polynomial spaces leads to different WG finite element methods,which makes WG methods highly flexible and efficient in practical computation.A Lagrange multiplier is introduced to provide a numerical approximation for certain derivatives of the exact solution.With this new feature,the HWG method can be used to deal with jumps of the functions and their flux easily.Optimal order error estimates are established for the corresponding HWG finite element approximations for both primal variables and the Lagrange multiplier.A Schur complement formulation of the HWG method is derived for implementation purpose.The validity of the theoretical results is demonstrated in numerical tests.展开更多
Utilizing a nanogenerator to scavenge mechanical energy from our living environment is an effective method to solve the power source issue of portable electronics. We report a linear-grating hybridized electromagnetic...Utilizing a nanogenerator to scavenge mechanical energy from our living environment is an effective method to solve the power source issue of portable electronics. We report a linear-grating hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for scavenging the mechanical energy generated from sliding motions to sustainably power certain portable electronics. The hybridized nano- generator consists of a slider and a stator in the structural design, and possesses a 66-segment triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） and a 9-segment electromagnetic generator （EMG） in the functional design. At a sliding acceleration of 20 m/s2 the hybridized nanogenerator can deliver maximum powers of 102.8 mW for the TENG at a loading resistance of 0.4 Mr2 and 103.3 mW for the EMG at a loading resistance of 6 kf2. With an optimal hybridized combination of the TENG with a transformer and the EMG with a power management circuit, a 10 mF capacitor can be easily charged to 2.8 V in 20 s. A packaged hybridized nanogenerator with a light weight of 140 g and small dimensions of 12 cm× 4 cm× 1.6 cm excels in scavenging low-frequency sliding energy to sustainably power portable electronics.展开更多
For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanog...For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HETNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HETNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Besides, two spatial electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With a rectification circuit, the HETNG presents a high output power with a peak value of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HETNG can harvest biomechanical energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HETNG applied in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the elder that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HETNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical energy-driven HETNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.展开更多
Energy harvesting and power transmission is a significant challenge for the self-powered technologies towards mobile electronic devices.Here,we propose a hybridized energy harvester to complement each other's stren...Energy harvesting and power transmission is a significant challenge for the self-powered technologies towards mobile electronic devices.Here,we propose a hybridized energy harvester to complement each other's strengths for simultaneously scavenging multiple types of energy and then wirelessly transmit the power.The harvester consists of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units for collecting rotational energy and a commercial water-proof flexible solar cell.At a rotation rate of 500 rpm,the output current of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units can reach about 630 mA through energy management.Moreover,the power harvested by hybridized energy harvester can be wirelessly transmitted up to a distance of about 100 cm in real time to charge mobile phone,anemometer,and hygrometer based on self-resonant coils.The hybridized energy harvester with wireless power transmission has potential applications in large-scale energy collection,long-distance wireless power transmission and sustainably driving mobile electronic devices.展开更多
Hybridized local and charge-transfer(HLCT)excitedstate fluorophores,which enable full exciton utilization through a reverse intersystem crossing fromhigh-lying triplet states to singlet state,have attracted increasing...Hybridized local and charge-transfer(HLCT)excitedstate fluorophores,which enable full exciton utilization through a reverse intersystem crossing fromhigh-lying triplet states to singlet state,have attracted increasing attention toward organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)application.Herein,we report three D-π-A-π-D-type isomers o-2CzBT,m-2CzBT,and p-2CzBT by adjusting the donor(D)units from ortho-,meta-,to para-substituted positions with the acceptor(A)core unit,respectively.The HLCT properties of the three compounds are evidently confirmed by theoretical calculations,solvatochromic behaviors,and transient decay lifetimes analyses.As the substituted position changes from the ortho-,meta-,and para-positions,the reduced steric hindrance brings about decreased torsional angle between D and A moieties,resulting in increased oscillator strength.Accordingly,the parasubstituted p-2CzBT is endowed with a more locally excited component that accounts for faster radiative decay,leading to a higher fluorescent efficiency than that of o-2CzBT and m-2CzBT.As expected,p-2CzBT enables its nondoped and doped OLEDs with higher external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)of 12.3% and 15.0%,respectively,which are among the state-ofthe-art efficiencies of HLCT-based OLEDs.Moreover,o-2CzBT and m-2CzBT are also utilized as host materials for high-performance OLEDs,thus extending the application of HLCT materials.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
In this paper,a new hybridized mixed formulation of weak Galerkin method is studied for a second order elliptic problem.This method is designed by approximate some operators with discontinuous piecewise polynomials in...In this paper,a new hybridized mixed formulation of weak Galerkin method is studied for a second order elliptic problem.This method is designed by approximate some operators with discontinuous piecewise polynomials in a shape regular finite element partition.Some discrete inequalities are presented on discontinuous spaces and optimal order error estimations are established.Some numerical results are reported to show super convergence and confirm the theory of the mixed weak Galerkin method.展开更多
The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input mult...The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input multi-output,nonlinearity,and strong coupling presents significant challenges.The substantial internal force generated during the adjustment process can potentially damage the LAC and degrade the assembly quality.Hence,a workspace-based hybrid force position control scheme was developed to achieve high quality assembly with high-precision and lower internal force.Firstly,an offline workspace analysis with inherent geometric characteristics to form time-varying posture error constraint.Then,the posture error is integrated into the online position axis control to ensure tracking the ideal posture,while the force control axis compensates for posture deviation by minimizing internal force,thereby achieving high precision and low internal force.Finally,the effectiveness was demonstrated through experiments.The root mean square errors of orientation and position are 104 rad and 0.1 mm,respectively.A reduction in internal force can range from 10.96%to 57.4%compared to the traditional method.Key points'max position error is decreased from 0.32 mm to 0.18 mm,satisfying the 0.5 mm tolerance.Therefore,the proposed method will help promote the development of high-performance manufacturing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21601089)Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor Program。
文摘Nowadays,huge consumption of fossil fuels brings about serious energy crisis and environmental problems,which urge researchers to explore novel sustainable energy sources and storage systems[1,2].
基金supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2008BADB2B04-9)the Key Project of Hebei Province,China(07220401D-2)
文摘The allelic frequency, the polymorphic information contents （PIC）, the number of effective alleles, the heterozygosity, and the genetic distances were studied in three imported meat sheep （Suffolk, Dorset, Texel） and their F1 crossbred obtained from those crossed with indigenous Small Tail Hun Sheep （Suffolk♂× Small Tail Hun Sheep, SH; Dorset ♂× Small Tail Han Sheep♂, DH; Texel♂× Small Tail Hart Sheep ♀, TH） using six microsatellite DNA loci. The perpormences of three-breed crossbred （Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Texel ♂× DH ♀, Dorset ♂× TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀ ） were tested. The results indicated that there were genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite loci in six sheep populations. Six microsatellite loci could be used for genetic diversity evaluation in sheep populations. The order of three-breed heterosis by the analysis of genetic relationship from large to small was Texel ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolki ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Dorset ♂×TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀, which was in accordance with the testing results on actual heterosis. These results showed that prediction of the best three-breed hybridized combination among sheep breeds by microsatellite DNA polymorphism was feasible, which will have an important value on the reasonable utilization of introduced meat sheep and sheep breeding in our country in the future.
文摘This paper proposes a Hybridized Ant Colony Optimization (HACO) algorithm. It integrates the advantages of Ant System (AS) and Ant Colony System (ACS) of solving optimization problems. The main focus and core of the HACO algorithm are based on annexing the strengths of the AS, ACO and the Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) previously proposed by various researchers at one time or the order. In this paper, the HACO algorithm for solving optimization problems employs new Transition Probability relations with a Jump transition probability relation which indicates the point or path at which the desired optimum value has been met. Also, it brings to play a new pheromone updating rule and introduces the pheromone evaporation residue that calculates the amount of pheromone left after updating which serves as a guide to the successive ant traversing the path and diverse local search approaches. Regarding the computational efficiency of the HACO algorithm, we observe that the HACO algorithm can find very good solutions in a short time, as the algorithm has been tested on a number of combinatorial optimization problems and results shown to compare favourably with analytical results. This strength can be combined with other metaheuristic approaches in the future work to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20276065)the Special Funds for Major State BasicResearch Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB707805).
文摘A scheme of investigating the intracellular metabolic fluxes in central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on isotope model and tracer experiment was developed. The metabolic model applied in this study includes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway,the pentose phosphate pathway,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,CO2 anaplerotic reactions,ethanol and acetate formation,and pathways involved in amino acid synthesis. The approach of hybridized genetic algorithm combined with the sequential simplex technique was used to optimize a quadratic error function without the requirement of the information on the partial derivatives. The impact of some key pa-rameters on the algorithm was studied. This approach was proved to be rapid and numerically stable in the analysis of the central metabolism of S.cerevisiae.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin(HDG)method for solving the Ito-type coupled KdV system.In fact,we use the HDG method for discre-tizing the space variable and the backward Euler explicit method for the time variable.To linearize the system,the time-lagging approach is also applied.The numerical stability of the method in the sense of the L2 norm is proved using the energy method under certain assumptions on the stabilization parameters for periodic or homogeneous Dirichlet bound-ary conditions.Numerical experiments confirm that the HDG method is capable of solving the system efficiently.It is observed that the best possible rate of convergence is achieved by the HDG method.Also,it is being illustrated numerically that the corresponding con-servation laws are satisfied for the approximate solutions of the Ito-type coupled KdV sys-tem.Thanks to the numerical experiments,it is verified that the HDG method could be more efficient than the LDG method for solving some Ito-type coupled KdV systems by comparing the corresponding computational costs and orders of convergence.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61774139, 21503202 and61604143)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2015EM024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201564002, 201762018)
文摘Pursuit of energy-harvesting or-storage materials to realize outstanding electricity output from nature has been regarded as a promising strategy to resolve the energy-lack issue in the future. Among them,the solar cell as a solar-to-electrical conversion device has been attracted enormous interest to improve the efficiency. However, the ability to generate electricity is highly dependent on the weather conditions,in other words, there is nearly zero power output in dark-light conditions, such as rainy, cloudy, and night, lowering the monolithic power generation capacity. Here, we present a bifunctional polyaniline film via chemical bath deposition, which can harvest energy from the rain, yielding an induced current of 2.57 μA and voltage of 65.5 μV under the stimulus of real raindrop. When incorporating the functional PANi film into the traditional dye sensitized solar cell as a counter electrode, the hybridized photovoltaic can experimentally realize the enhanced output power via harvesting energy from rainy and sunny days. The current work may show a new path for development of advanced solar cells in the future.
文摘Partially replacing polyvinyl-alcohol(PVA)fibers with polypropylene(PP)fibers in strain-hardening cementitious composites(fiber hybridization)modify certain mechanical properties of these materials.The hybridization based on the introduction of low-modulus hydrophobic polypropylene fibers improves the ductility and the strain-hardening behavior of the cementitious composites containing polyvinyl-alcohol fibers of different types(PVA-SHCC).Pull-out tests indicate that adding PP fibers increases the energy capacity of the hybrid composite with respect to the material containing only PVA fibers under tensile loading,and PP-fiber geometry(i.e.,section shape and length)is a key factor in enhancing the strain capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51125009,91434118,21401185,21521092)Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesJilin Province Science and Technology Development Project(20170101092JC,20160520006JH)
文摘The chemical bonding nature of rare earth（RE） elements can be studied by a quantitative analysis of electron domain of an atom. The outer electrons of RE elements are within the valence shell 4f^（0-14）5d^（0-1）6s^2, which are involved in all chemical bonding features. We in this work found that the chemical bonding characteristics of 4f electrons are a kind of hybridizations, and classified them into three types of chemical bonding of 4f^（0-14）5d^（0-1）6s^2, furthermore, the coordination number ranging from 2 to 16 could thus be determined. We selected Y（NO_3）_3, La（NO_3）_3, Ce（NO_3）_3, YCl_3, LaCl_3, and CeCl_3 as examples to in-situ observe their IR spectra of chemical bonding behaviors of Y^（3＋）, La^（3＋） and Ce^（3＋） cations, which could show different chemical bonding modes of 4f and 5d electrons. In the present study, we obtained the direct criterion to confirm whether 4f electrons can participate in chemical bonding, that is, only when the coordination number of RE cations is larger than 9.
基金CAPES(Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científicoe Tecnológico,grant number 161464/2013-0)for the financial support
文摘This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with scaling of variables and hybridized with different unconstrained optimization methods to solve real constrained optimization problems.The benchmark problems used to analyze the performance of the methods were taken from G-Suite functions.The original method(FTM) and other four proposed methods:(i) FTM with scaling of variables(FTMS),(ii) FTMS hybridized with BFGS(FTMS-BFGS),(iii) FTMS hybridized with modified Powell's method(FTMS-Powell)and(iv) FTMS hybridized with PSO(FTMS-PSO), were implemented. The success rates of the methods were 80%,100%, 75%, 95% and 85%, for FTM, FTMS, FTMS-BFGS, FTMS-Powell and FTMS-PSO, respectively. Numerical experiments including real constrained problems indicated that FTMS gave the best performance, followed by FTMSPowell and FTMS-PSO. Despite the inferior performance compared to FTMS and FTMS-Powell, the FTMS-PSO method presented some advantages since good different initial points could be obtained, which allow exploring different routes through the solution space and to escape from local optima. The proposed methods proved to be an effective way of improving the performance of the original FTM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22101125).
文摘Naphthotubes are a class of macrocycles with welldefined cavities and are appealing for molecular recognition and smart materials.In this research,we report two types of hybridized naphthotubes(HNT)which were synthesized through the condensation of a phenyl-bis-naphthalene(PN)tweezer and a bisnaphthalene cleft.The naphthyls attached to the PN tweezer can rotate around the single bonds to form conformational mixtures.When substituents are present at the ortho positions of the naphthyls,four atropisomers are formed.The water-soluble HNT could recognize phenylpyrimidine,phenyltetrazine,and drug intermediates effectively by adopting a syn conformation in aqueous environments(up to 10^(5)M^(-1)).Moreover,a series of shear-induced hydrogels have been prepared with the newly developed hybridized naphthotube,PEGs,and different transition-metal ions,which showed much stronger gelation properties compared to the previously reported amide naphthotubes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325013,52288102,52090024,12034009,12474004,and 12304036)the National Key R&D Program of China Grant No.2023YFA1610000+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for Jilin University and Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘We report first-principles predictions of a cage-like polymeric nitrogen phase(cage-N)composed of interlocked N10 clusters stabilized by mixed sp^(2)/sp^(3) hybridization.Under high pressure,cage-N exhibits exceptional mechanical performance,including an ideal compressive strength of 343 GPa at a pressure of 300 GPa,~33% higher than that of diamond.This ultrahigh strength arises from the synergistic interplay between its three-dimensional covalent framework and hybridized bonding topology,which enables isotropic stress accommodation and dynamic electronic rearrangement.These results establish cage-N as a promising non-carbon ultrahard material and provide a bonding-driven route toward designing superhard frameworks under extreme conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11271157,11371171 and 11471141)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘In this paper a hybridized weak Galerkin(HWG) finite element method for solving the Stokes equations in the primary velocity-pressure formulation is introduced.The WG method uses weak functions and their weak derivatives which are defined as distributions.Weak functions and weak derivatives can be approximated by piecewise polynomials with various degrees.Different combination of polynomial spaces leads to different WG finite element methods,which makes WG methods highly flexible and efficient in practical computation.A Lagrange multiplier is introduced to provide a numerical approximation for certain derivatives of the exact solution.With this new feature,the HWG method can be used to deal with jumps of the functions and their flux easily.Optimal order error estimates are established for the corresponding HWG finite element approximations for both primal variables and the Lagrange multiplier.A Schur complement formulation of the HWG method is derived for implementation purpose.The validity of the theoretical results is demonstrated in numerical tests.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 2154059）, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2015M570988）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51472055 and 61404034）, the 2015 Annual Cooperative Project between Chinese Academy of Sdences and Industrial Technology Research Institute （No. CAS-ITRI201501）, and the ＂thousands talents＂ program for the pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China.
文摘Utilizing a nanogenerator to scavenge mechanical energy from our living environment is an effective method to solve the power source issue of portable electronics. We report a linear-grating hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for scavenging the mechanical energy generated from sliding motions to sustainably power certain portable electronics. The hybridized nano- generator consists of a slider and a stator in the structural design, and possesses a 66-segment triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） and a 9-segment electromagnetic generator （EMG） in the functional design. At a sliding acceleration of 20 m/s2 the hybridized nanogenerator can deliver maximum powers of 102.8 mW for the TENG at a loading resistance of 0.4 Mr2 and 103.3 mW for the EMG at a loading resistance of 6 kf2. With an optimal hybridized combination of the TENG with a transformer and the EMG with a power management circuit, a 10 mF capacitor can be easily charged to 2.8 V in 20 s. A packaged hybridized nanogenerator with a light weight of 140 g and small dimensions of 12 cm× 4 cm× 1.6 cm excels in scavenging low-frequency sliding energy to sustainably power portable electronics.
基金This work was partly supported the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2004800,Project No.R-2020-S-002)at NUSRI,Suzhou,ChinaSingapore-Poland Joint Grant(R-263-000-C91-305)“Chip-Scale MEMS MicroSpectrometer for Monitoring Harsh Industrial Gases”by Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR),Singapore and NAWA“Academic International Partnerships of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology”programmed by Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Programme.
文摘For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HETNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HETNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Besides, two spatial electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With a rectification circuit, the HETNG presents a high output power with a peak value of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HETNG can harvest biomechanical energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HETNG applied in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the elder that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HETNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical energy-driven HETNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.
基金the National key R&D project from Minister of Science and Technology,China(Nos.2016YFA0202702 and 2016YFA0202701)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-DQC025)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20180081)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650604).
文摘Energy harvesting and power transmission is a significant challenge for the self-powered technologies towards mobile electronic devices.Here,we propose a hybridized energy harvester to complement each other's strengths for simultaneously scavenging multiple types of energy and then wirelessly transmit the power.The harvester consists of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units for collecting rotational energy and a commercial water-proof flexible solar cell.At a rotation rate of 500 rpm,the output current of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units can reach about 630 mA through energy management.Moreover,the power harvested by hybridized energy harvester can be wirelessly transmitted up to a distance of about 100 cm in real time to charge mobile phone,anemometer,and hygrometer based on self-resonant coils.The hybridized energy harvester with wireless power transmission has potential applications in large-scale energy collection,long-distance wireless power transmission and sustainably driving mobile electronic devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:nos.51733010,51973239,and 52073316)the Guangdong Science and Technology Plan(nos.2015B090913003 and 2015B090915003).
文摘Hybridized local and charge-transfer(HLCT)excitedstate fluorophores,which enable full exciton utilization through a reverse intersystem crossing fromhigh-lying triplet states to singlet state,have attracted increasing attention toward organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)application.Herein,we report three D-π-A-π-D-type isomers o-2CzBT,m-2CzBT,and p-2CzBT by adjusting the donor(D)units from ortho-,meta-,to para-substituted positions with the acceptor(A)core unit,respectively.The HLCT properties of the three compounds are evidently confirmed by theoretical calculations,solvatochromic behaviors,and transient decay lifetimes analyses.As the substituted position changes from the ortho-,meta-,and para-positions,the reduced steric hindrance brings about decreased torsional angle between D and A moieties,resulting in increased oscillator strength.Accordingly,the parasubstituted p-2CzBT is endowed with a more locally excited component that accounts for faster radiative decay,leading to a higher fluorescent efficiency than that of o-2CzBT and m-2CzBT.As expected,p-2CzBT enables its nondoped and doped OLEDs with higher external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)of 12.3% and 15.0%,respectively,which are among the state-ofthe-art efficiencies of HLCT-based OLEDs.Moreover,o-2CzBT and m-2CzBT are also utilized as host materials for high-performance OLEDs,thus extending the application of HLCT materials.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
文摘In this paper,a new hybridized mixed formulation of weak Galerkin method is studied for a second order elliptic problem.This method is designed by approximate some operators with discontinuous piecewise polynomials in a shape regular finite element partition.Some discrete inequalities are presented on discontinuous spaces and optimal order error estimations are established.Some numerical results are reported to show super convergence and confirm the theory of the mixed weak Galerkin method.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125504)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2202017)Dalian Support Policy Project for Innovation of Technological Talents(No.2023RG001)。
文摘The high-quality assembly of Large Aircraft Components(LACs)is essential in modern aviation manufacturing.Numerical control locators are employed for the posture adjustment of LAC,yet the system's multi-input multi-output,nonlinearity,and strong coupling presents significant challenges.The substantial internal force generated during the adjustment process can potentially damage the LAC and degrade the assembly quality.Hence,a workspace-based hybrid force position control scheme was developed to achieve high quality assembly with high-precision and lower internal force.Firstly,an offline workspace analysis with inherent geometric characteristics to form time-varying posture error constraint.Then,the posture error is integrated into the online position axis control to ensure tracking the ideal posture,while the force control axis compensates for posture deviation by minimizing internal force,thereby achieving high precision and low internal force.Finally,the effectiveness was demonstrated through experiments.The root mean square errors of orientation and position are 104 rad and 0.1 mm,respectively.A reduction in internal force can range from 10.96%to 57.4%compared to the traditional method.Key points'max position error is decreased from 0.32 mm to 0.18 mm,satisfying the 0.5 mm tolerance.Therefore,the proposed method will help promote the development of high-performance manufacturing.
