The intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus L. cv. oro and Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. was carried out to study the phytogenetic peculiarities of the hybrid plants. In order to improve the oil quality of ra...The intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus L. cv. oro and Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. was carried out to study the phytogenetic peculiarities of the hybrid plants. In order to improve the oil quality of rape seed, ovaries of B. napus pollinated with pollen of M. incana, were cut off and inoculated onto MS media supplemented with various plant hormones at the 7th day after pollination. Two mature embryos were obtained from 750 pollinated ovaries cultured in vitro. The percentage of seed set was 0.26%. The mature embryos were transferred onto the MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA, and a compound bud was produced later. The compound bud was then cut into a number of single buds, which were transferred onto fresh media. Twenty-two plantlets in vitro were developed from the above single buds. The hybrid plants (F-1) were basically intermediate between the two parents in many,characters with a few showing hybrid vigor. The fertility of hybrid plants (F-1) was poor. Cytological studies revealed that the hybrid plants (F-1) were mixoploid. in nature. The chromosome number of many somatic cells was 2n = 26, which was the sum of the chromosome number of the two parents. The chromosome number of other somatic cells was 2n = 38, similar to that of B. napus. The hybrid offspring (F-2) from the selfed hybrid plants (F-1) showed polymorphism. Among the hybrid offspring (F-2) some were nearly matroclinous and fertile, similar to B. napus. some others were intermediate between the two parents and less fertile, and a few were poorly developed and nearly infertile. From the hybrid offspring a few plants with improved seed-oil quality were obtained.展开更多
To improve performances of multi-objective optimization algorithms, such as convergence and diversity, a hybridization- encouraged mechanism is proposed and realized in elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm ...To improve performances of multi-objective optimization algorithms, such as convergence and diversity, a hybridization- encouraged mechanism is proposed and realized in elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-Ⅱ）. This mechanism uses the normalized distance to evaluate the difference among genes in a population. Three possible modes of crossover operators--＂Max Distance＂, ＂Min-Max Distance＂, and ＂Neighboring-Max＂--are suggested and analyzed. The mode of ＂Neighboring-Max＂, which not only takes advantage of hybridization but also improves the distribution of the population near Pareto optimal front, is chosen and used in NSGA-Ⅱ on the basis of hybridization-encouraged mechanism （short for HEM-based NSGA-Ⅱ）. To prove the HEM-based algorithm, several problems are studied by using standard NSGA-Ⅱ and the presented method. Different evaluation criteria are also used to judge these algorithms in terms of distribution of solutions, convergence, diversity, and quality of solutions. The numerical results indicate that the application of hybridization-encouraged mechanism could effectively improve the performances of genetic algorithm. Finally, as an example in engineering practices, the presented method is used to design a longitudinal flight control system, which demonstrates the obtainability of a reasonable and correct Pareto front.展开更多
To achieve germplasm innovation and study genetic variation of important traits of bamboo plants,we used Bambusa multiplex,B.chungii,and Dendrocalamus latiflorus as parent materials for distant and inbred hybridizatio...To achieve germplasm innovation and study genetic variation of important traits of bamboo plants,we used Bambusa multiplex,B.chungii,and Dendrocalamus latiflorus as parent materials for distant and inbred hybridizations.Two hybrid populations and three inbred populations were obtained:two populations consisted of 57 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 B.chungii,26 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 D.latiflorus,and three inbred progenies were from B.multiplex,B.chungii,and D.latiflorus.Traits for growth,morphology,and fiber were examined from the five populations when plants were 3 years old.Two hybrid populations had significant growth advantages in terms of height,diameter at ground level and internodal length.In terms of variability in morphological traits,the two hybrid populations followed the same trend,namely,seven morphological traits showed phenotypes that were intermediate to those of their parents;three morphological traits showed strong maternal effects,and three other morphological traits showed strong paternal effects.Among the five populations,the two hybrid populations had high arithmetic average fiber length,lengthweighted average fiber length and mass-weighted average fiber length,moreover,extensive variations of these three traits were observed within these two hybrid populations.The establishment of distant hybrid populations from these three bamboo species increased the genetic diversity more than in the other species examined.This work provides excellent materials for breeding new varieties and lays the foundation for understanding the genetics of important traits by analyzing related functional genes.展开更多
AIM: To characterize cytogenetic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its metastasis. METHODS: A total of 37 cases of primary ESCC and 15 pairs of primary ESCC tumors and their matched metastat...AIM: To characterize cytogenetic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its metastasis. METHODS: A total of 37 cases of primary ESCC and 15 pairs of primary ESCC tumors and their matched metastatic lymph nodes cases were enrolled from Linzhou, the high incidence area for ESCC in Henan, northern China. The comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was applied to determine the chromosomal aberrations on the DNA extracted from the frozen ESCC and metastatic lymph node samples from these patients. RESULTS: CGH showed chromosomal aberrations in all the cases. In 37 cases of primary ESCC, chromosomal profile of DNA copy number was characterized by frequently detected gains at 8q (29/37, 78%), 3q (24/37, 65%), 5p (19/37, 51%); and frequently detected losses at 3p (21/37, 57%), 8p and 9q (14/37, 38%). In 15 pairs of primary ESCC tumors and their matched metastatic lymph node cases, the majority of the chromosomal aberrations in both primary tumor and metastatic lymph node lesions were consistent with the primary ESCC cases, but new candidate regions of interest were also detected. The most significant finding is the gains of chromosome 6p with a minimum high-level amplification region at 6p12-6q12 in 7 metastatic lymph nodes butonly in 2 corresponding primary tumors (P = 0.05) and 20p with a minimum high-level amplification region at 20p12 in 11 metastatic lymph nodes but only in 5 corresponding primary tumors (P < 0.05). Another interesting finding is the loss of chromosome 10p and 10q in 8 and 7 metastatic lymph nodes but only in 2 corresponding primary tumors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Using the CGH technique to detect chromosomal aberrations in both the primary tumor and its metastatic lymph nodes of ESCC, gains of 8q, 3q and 5p and loss of 3p, 8p, 9q and 13q were specifically implicated in ESCC in Linzhou population. Gains of 6p and 20p and loss of 10pq may contribute to the lymph node metastasis of ESCC. These findings suggest that the gains and losses of chromosomal regions may contain ESCC-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and provide important theoretic information for identifying and cloning novel ESCC-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.展开更多
The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are imm...The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.展开更多
Studies on the reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of a primary amphidiploid Cucumis species C. hytivus Chen and Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) indicated that a more comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of this spec...Studies on the reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of a primary amphidiploid Cucumis species C. hytivus Chen and Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) indicated that a more comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of this species and its first selfed progeny would increase its potential utility in cucumber improvement. With tendrils used as source materials for mitotic analysis, chromosome numbers in all selfed progenies were 2n = 38, confirming chromosomal stability in this synthetic amphidiploid species. Detailed meiotic processes were described by comparing the primary and the selfed amphidiploids. Meiotic abnormalities, such as chromosome lagging, unequal separation, chromosome multi-polarization and polyads were observed frequently in all amphidiploid plants except for the selfed no.8, in which meiosis was arrested prior to metaphase Ⅰ. Generally, the frequency of multivalents was higher and the configurations were more complex in the selfed progenies, demonstrating a more extensive genetic exchange between cucumber and C. hystrix Chakr. Genome separation between cucumber and C. hystrix was observed through prophase Ⅰ to anaphase Ⅰ in both generations of the amphidiploids. Consequently, in addition to n = 19, a new gamete with n = 7 was produced, which was confirmed by the chromosome counts 2n = 14 in the backcrossing progenies from cucumber × amphidiploid mating. Fertility varied among the selfed amphidiploid plants. The selfed plant no.1 was found to have an improved fertility (e.g., pollen staining ability 40.8% and 25.6 seeds per fruit) and then was used as source germplasm in further introgression and gene exchange experiments.展开更多
The genomic structures of Oryza sativa （A genome） and O. meyeriana （G genome） were comparatively studied using bicolor genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. GISH was clearly able to discriminate between the chro...The genomic structures of Oryza sativa （A genome） and O. meyeriana （G genome） were comparatively studied using bicolor genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. GISH was clearly able to discriminate between the chromosomes of O. sativa and O. meyeriana in the interspecific F1 hybrids without blocking DNA, and co-hybridization was hardly detected. The average mitotic chromosome length of O. meyeriana was found to be 1.69 times that of O. sativa. A comparison of 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that the chromosomes of O. meyeriana were more extensively labelled, suggesting that the G genome is amplified with more repetitive sequences than the A genome. In interphase nuclei, 9-12 chromocenters were normally detected and nearly all the chromocenters constituted the G genome-specific DNA. More and larger chromocenters formed by chromatin compaction corresponding to the G genome were detected in the hybrid compared with its parents. During pachytene of the F1 hybrid, most chromosomes of A and G did not synapse each other except for 1-2 chromosomes paired at the end of their arms. At meiotic metaphase I, three types of chromosomal associations, i.e.O, sativa-O, sativa （A-A）, O. sativa-O, meyeriana （A-G） and O. meyeriana-O, meyeriana （G-G）, were observed in the F1 hybrid. The A-G chromosome pairing configurations included bivalents and trivalents. The results provided a foundation toward studying genome organization and evolution of O. meyeriana.展开更多
indica and japonica are the two most important subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Identifying mechanisms responsible for population differentiation in these subspecies is important for indica-japonica hybridization ...indica and japonica are the two most important subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Identifying mechanisms responsible for population differentiation in these subspecies is important for indica-japonica hybridization breeding. In this study, subspecies and economic trait differentiation patterns were analyzed using morphological and molecular （InDel and Intron Length Polymorphism） data in F2 and F3 populations derived from indica-japonica hybridization. Populations were grown in Liaoning and Guangdong provinces, China, with F3 populations generated from F2 populations using bulk harvesting （BM） and single-seed descent methods （SSD）. Segregation distortion was detected in F3-BM populations, but not in F3- SSD or in F2 populations. Superior performance was observed with respect to economic traits in Liaoning compared with that in Guangdong and 1 000-grain weight （KW）, seed setting rate （SSR） and grain yield per plant （GYP） were significantly correlated with indica and japonica subspecies types. Analysis of molecular and morphological data demonstrated that the environment is the main factor giving rise to population differentiation in indica-japonica hybridization. In addition, we also found that KW, SSR and GYP are related to subspecies characteristics and kinship, which is possibly a significant factor resulting in economic trait differentiation and determining environmental adaptability. Our study has provided new insights into the process of population differentiation in these subspecies to inform indica-japonica hybridization breeding.展开更多
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an important tool both for defining initial chromosomal abnormalities within a disease process, and for monitoring response to therapy as well as minimal residual d...Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an important tool both for defining initial chromosomal abnormalities within a disease process, and for monitoring response to therapy as well as minimal residual disease. We report the results of interphase FISH (iFISH) analysis of 92 patients. We have used five different FISH probes to detect common cytogenetic rearrangements associated with hematological malignancies. A total of 83 patients were screened for BCR/ABL gene rearrangements. Displayed iFISH patterns of BCR/ABL gene rearrangements in 37.3% of patients (31/83) ranged between 10% to 98%. In addition, while 3 patients and one patient with AML showed t(15;17) (12.5%) and inv(16;16) (8.3%) respectively, t(8;21) was not found. Furthermore, secondary chromosomal aberrations (6.5% of all cases) were clearly non random in the present study. The diagnosis of BCR/ABL gene rearrangements are likely become an important tool for the monitoring of therapies in patients with CML. Atypical patterns also may have clinical prognostic implications. Further studies in larger groups of patients are needed in order to elucidate the role of AML1/ETO, PML/RARA, CBFB and p53, and to identify the specific chromosomal regions and interacting genes involved in this process.展开更多
Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for p...Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.展开更多
Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion...Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.展开更多
Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being s...Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.展开更多
D-π hybridization is a key structural feature that may significantly affect the intrinsic electronic properties of metallopolymers.Herein,we present the electrosynthesis and memristive properties of metallopolymers u...D-π hybridization is a key structural feature that may significantly affect the intrinsic electronic properties of metallopolymers.Herein,we present the electrosynthesis and memristive properties of metallopolymers using the distinct d-π hybridization monomers R_(1) and R_(2).R_(1)(Ru^(Ⅱ)-(tpz)Cl_(2))features tetradentate ligands(tpz,6,6'-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine)enforcing quasi-octahedral geometry;R_(2)(Ru^(Ⅱ)-(bpp)_(2))incorporates tridentate ligands(bpp,2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine)inducing pronounced geometric distortion.The planar ligand(tpz)in R_(1) facilitates ordered molecular assembly through high conformational rigidity and extensive π-π stacking,resulting in increased molecular densities and enhanced morphological uniformity compared to R_(2) metallopolymers.Due to pyrazole’s weaker π-acceptance and strongerσ-donation compared to pyridine,R_(1) exhibits a 119 nm red-shift in metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT)band and a 30 mV anodic shift in Ru^(+2/+3)redox potential relative to R_(2).Coupled with a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap,the uniform and ordered structure leads to a lower conductance decay constant in R_(1).Additionally,R_(2) metallopolymers exhibit superior memristive performance(characterized by lower switching voltage and higher switching ratio)via redox-induced aromatic transitions in axial ligands enhancing electronic delocalization.This work compares two metallopolymers with different ligand geometries,revealing how this difference leads to distinct charge transport and memristive behaviors.展开更多
The design and fabrication of ordered epitaxial MOF-on-MOF heterostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial but still challenging.In this study,a simple coordination-driven self-ass...The design and fabrication of ordered epitaxial MOF-on-MOF heterostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial but still challenging.In this study,a simple coordination-driven self-assembly method is used to fabricate controllable MOF-on-MOF multiscale heterostructures,where triangular host MOF(ZIF-67)nanosheets undergo in situ epitaxial growth to form uniform orthogonal vip MOF(CoFe PBA)nanosheets.Phosphorus(P)is further introduced in situ to fabricate CoP and Fe_(2)P heterostructured nanosheets(CoFe-P-NS),which exhibit excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance due to the enhancement of intrinsic electrocatalytic activity by p-d orbital hybridization.Specifically,the CoFe-P-NS requires low overpotential of 259 and 307 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 for HER and OER,respectively.Remarkably,the assembled electrolysis cell maintained a large current density of 300 mA cm−2 for over 360 h with negligible voltage increase during alkaline seawater electrolysis.Experiments and theoretical calculations show that the synergistic catalytic activity of bimetallic phosphides arises from p-d orbital hybridization,where the CoP-P sites enhance HER by optimizing H*adsorption in the Volmer-Heyrovsky steps,while the Fe_(2)P-Fe sites accelerate OER by lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step from O*to OOH*.This study provides valuable insights into the design of a controllable MOF-on-MOF-based electrocatalyst toward alkaline seawater splitting.展开更多
The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and ...The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.展开更多
Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that se...Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.展开更多
文摘The intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus L. cv. oro and Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. was carried out to study the phytogenetic peculiarities of the hybrid plants. In order to improve the oil quality of rape seed, ovaries of B. napus pollinated with pollen of M. incana, were cut off and inoculated onto MS media supplemented with various plant hormones at the 7th day after pollination. Two mature embryos were obtained from 750 pollinated ovaries cultured in vitro. The percentage of seed set was 0.26%. The mature embryos were transferred onto the MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA, and a compound bud was produced later. The compound bud was then cut into a number of single buds, which were transferred onto fresh media. Twenty-two plantlets in vitro were developed from the above single buds. The hybrid plants (F-1) were basically intermediate between the two parents in many,characters with a few showing hybrid vigor. The fertility of hybrid plants (F-1) was poor. Cytological studies revealed that the hybrid plants (F-1) were mixoploid. in nature. The chromosome number of many somatic cells was 2n = 26, which was the sum of the chromosome number of the two parents. The chromosome number of other somatic cells was 2n = 38, similar to that of B. napus. The hybrid offspring (F-2) from the selfed hybrid plants (F-1) showed polymorphism. Among the hybrid offspring (F-2) some were nearly matroclinous and fertile, similar to B. napus. some others were intermediate between the two parents and less fertile, and a few were poorly developed and nearly infertile. From the hybrid offspring a few plants with improved seed-oil quality were obtained.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(5132004)
文摘To improve performances of multi-objective optimization algorithms, such as convergence and diversity, a hybridization- encouraged mechanism is proposed and realized in elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-Ⅱ）. This mechanism uses the normalized distance to evaluate the difference among genes in a population. Three possible modes of crossover operators--＂Max Distance＂, ＂Min-Max Distance＂, and ＂Neighboring-Max＂--are suggested and analyzed. The mode of ＂Neighboring-Max＂, which not only takes advantage of hybridization but also improves the distribution of the population near Pareto optimal front, is chosen and used in NSGA-Ⅱ on the basis of hybridization-encouraged mechanism （short for HEM-based NSGA-Ⅱ）. To prove the HEM-based algorithm, several problems are studied by using standard NSGA-Ⅱ and the presented method. Different evaluation criteria are also used to judge these algorithms in terms of distribution of solutions, convergence, diversity, and quality of solutions. The numerical results indicate that the application of hybridization-encouraged mechanism could effectively improve the performances of genetic algorithm. Finally, as an example in engineering practices, the presented method is used to design a longitudinal flight control system, which demonstrates the obtainability of a reasonable and correct Pareto front.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(31500551)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2016QB008)+1 种基金Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(2016C02056-8)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institute of Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry-Chinese Academy of Forestry(RISF2014001)
文摘To achieve germplasm innovation and study genetic variation of important traits of bamboo plants,we used Bambusa multiplex,B.chungii,and Dendrocalamus latiflorus as parent materials for distant and inbred hybridizations.Two hybrid populations and three inbred populations were obtained:two populations consisted of 57 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 B.chungii,26 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 D.latiflorus,and three inbred progenies were from B.multiplex,B.chungii,and D.latiflorus.Traits for growth,morphology,and fiber were examined from the five populations when plants were 3 years old.Two hybrid populations had significant growth advantages in terms of height,diameter at ground level and internodal length.In terms of variability in morphological traits,the two hybrid populations followed the same trend,namely,seven morphological traits showed phenotypes that were intermediate to those of their parents;three morphological traits showed strong maternal effects,and three other morphological traits showed strong paternal effects.Among the five populations,the two hybrid populations had high arithmetic average fiber length,lengthweighted average fiber length and mass-weighted average fiber length,moreover,extensive variations of these three traits were observed within these two hybrid populations.The establishment of distant hybrid populations from these three bamboo species increased the genetic diversity more than in the other species examined.This work provides excellent materials for breeding new varieties and lays the foundation for understanding the genetics of important traits by analyzing related functional genes.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Fund of Henan Health Department, No. 2007-026
文摘AIM: To characterize cytogenetic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its metastasis. METHODS: A total of 37 cases of primary ESCC and 15 pairs of primary ESCC tumors and their matched metastatic lymph nodes cases were enrolled from Linzhou, the high incidence area for ESCC in Henan, northern China. The comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was applied to determine the chromosomal aberrations on the DNA extracted from the frozen ESCC and metastatic lymph node samples from these patients. RESULTS: CGH showed chromosomal aberrations in all the cases. In 37 cases of primary ESCC, chromosomal profile of DNA copy number was characterized by frequently detected gains at 8q (29/37, 78%), 3q (24/37, 65%), 5p (19/37, 51%); and frequently detected losses at 3p (21/37, 57%), 8p and 9q (14/37, 38%). In 15 pairs of primary ESCC tumors and their matched metastatic lymph node cases, the majority of the chromosomal aberrations in both primary tumor and metastatic lymph node lesions were consistent with the primary ESCC cases, but new candidate regions of interest were also detected. The most significant finding is the gains of chromosome 6p with a minimum high-level amplification region at 6p12-6q12 in 7 metastatic lymph nodes butonly in 2 corresponding primary tumors (P = 0.05) and 20p with a minimum high-level amplification region at 20p12 in 11 metastatic lymph nodes but only in 5 corresponding primary tumors (P < 0.05). Another interesting finding is the loss of chromosome 10p and 10q in 8 and 7 metastatic lymph nodes but only in 2 corresponding primary tumors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Using the CGH technique to detect chromosomal aberrations in both the primary tumor and its metastatic lymph nodes of ESCC, gains of 8q, 3q and 5p and loss of 3p, 8p, 9q and 13q were specifically implicated in ESCC in Linzhou population. Gains of 6p and 20p and loss of 10pq may contribute to the lymph node metastasis of ESCC. These findings suggest that the gains and losses of chromosomal regions may contain ESCC-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and provide important theoretic information for identifying and cloning novel ESCC-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
文摘The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.
基金This research was partially supported by the Trans-century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission of China to Dr.Chen Jinfeng,by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(301 70644 and 30470120)by National Hi-Tech R&D Program(2002AA241251 and 2004 AA241120)by Tang's Cornell-China Scholar Program and by Pickle Seed Research Foundation of PPI.
文摘Studies on the reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of a primary amphidiploid Cucumis species C. hytivus Chen and Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) indicated that a more comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of this species and its first selfed progeny would increase its potential utility in cucumber improvement. With tendrils used as source materials for mitotic analysis, chromosome numbers in all selfed progenies were 2n = 38, confirming chromosomal stability in this synthetic amphidiploid species. Detailed meiotic processes were described by comparing the primary and the selfed amphidiploids. Meiotic abnormalities, such as chromosome lagging, unequal separation, chromosome multi-polarization and polyads were observed frequently in all amphidiploid plants except for the selfed no.8, in which meiosis was arrested prior to metaphase Ⅰ. Generally, the frequency of multivalents was higher and the configurations were more complex in the selfed progenies, demonstrating a more extensive genetic exchange between cucumber and C. hystrix Chakr. Genome separation between cucumber and C. hystrix was observed through prophase Ⅰ to anaphase Ⅰ in both generations of the amphidiploids. Consequently, in addition to n = 19, a new gamete with n = 7 was produced, which was confirmed by the chromosome counts 2n = 14 in the backcrossing progenies from cucumber × amphidiploid mating. Fertility varied among the selfed amphidiploid plants. The selfed plant no.1 was found to have an improved fertility (e.g., pollen staining ability 40.8% and 25.6 seeds per fruit) and then was used as source germplasm in further introgression and gene exchange experiments.
文摘The genomic structures of Oryza sativa （A genome） and O. meyeriana （G genome） were comparatively studied using bicolor genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. GISH was clearly able to discriminate between the chromosomes of O. sativa and O. meyeriana in the interspecific F1 hybrids without blocking DNA, and co-hybridization was hardly detected. The average mitotic chromosome length of O. meyeriana was found to be 1.69 times that of O. sativa. A comparison of 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that the chromosomes of O. meyeriana were more extensively labelled, suggesting that the G genome is amplified with more repetitive sequences than the A genome. In interphase nuclei, 9-12 chromocenters were normally detected and nearly all the chromocenters constituted the G genome-specific DNA. More and larger chromocenters formed by chromatin compaction corresponding to the G genome were detected in the hybrid compared with its parents. During pachytene of the F1 hybrid, most chromosomes of A and G did not synapse each other except for 1-2 chromosomes paired at the end of their arms. At meiotic metaphase I, three types of chromosomal associations, i.e.O, sativa-O, sativa （A-A）, O. sativa-O, meyeriana （A-G） and O. meyeriana-O, meyeriana （G-G）, were observed in the F1 hybrid. The A-G chromosome pairing configurations included bivalents and trivalents. The results provided a foundation toward studying genome organization and evolution of O. meyeriana.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971845)
文摘indica and japonica are the two most important subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Identifying mechanisms responsible for population differentiation in these subspecies is important for indica-japonica hybridization breeding. In this study, subspecies and economic trait differentiation patterns were analyzed using morphological and molecular （InDel and Intron Length Polymorphism） data in F2 and F3 populations derived from indica-japonica hybridization. Populations were grown in Liaoning and Guangdong provinces, China, with F3 populations generated from F2 populations using bulk harvesting （BM） and single-seed descent methods （SSD）. Segregation distortion was detected in F3-BM populations, but not in F3- SSD or in F2 populations. Superior performance was observed with respect to economic traits in Liaoning compared with that in Guangdong and 1 000-grain weight （KW）, seed setting rate （SSR） and grain yield per plant （GYP） were significantly correlated with indica and japonica subspecies types. Analysis of molecular and morphological data demonstrated that the environment is the main factor giving rise to population differentiation in indica-japonica hybridization. In addition, we also found that KW, SSR and GYP are related to subspecies characteristics and kinship, which is possibly a significant factor resulting in economic trait differentiation and determining environmental adaptability. Our study has provided new insights into the process of population differentiation in these subspecies to inform indica-japonica hybridization breeding.
文摘Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an important tool both for defining initial chromosomal abnormalities within a disease process, and for monitoring response to therapy as well as minimal residual disease. We report the results of interphase FISH (iFISH) analysis of 92 patients. We have used five different FISH probes to detect common cytogenetic rearrangements associated with hematological malignancies. A total of 83 patients were screened for BCR/ABL gene rearrangements. Displayed iFISH patterns of BCR/ABL gene rearrangements in 37.3% of patients (31/83) ranged between 10% to 98%. In addition, while 3 patients and one patient with AML showed t(15;17) (12.5%) and inv(16;16) (8.3%) respectively, t(8;21) was not found. Furthermore, secondary chromosomal aberrations (6.5% of all cases) were clearly non random in the present study. The diagnosis of BCR/ABL gene rearrangements are likely become an important tool for the monitoring of therapies in patients with CML. Atypical patterns also may have clinical prognostic implications. Further studies in larger groups of patients are needed in order to elucidate the role of AML1/ETO, PML/RARA, CBFB and p53, and to identify the specific chromosomal regions and interacting genes involved in this process.
基金supported by Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area(2023XAGG0069)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703100)+2 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(824B2011 to Z.W.)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-PUMCH-E-012).
文摘Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.
文摘Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (YQ2022C040)。
文摘Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.
文摘D-π hybridization is a key structural feature that may significantly affect the intrinsic electronic properties of metallopolymers.Herein,we present the electrosynthesis and memristive properties of metallopolymers using the distinct d-π hybridization monomers R_(1) and R_(2).R_(1)(Ru^(Ⅱ)-(tpz)Cl_(2))features tetradentate ligands(tpz,6,6'-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine)enforcing quasi-octahedral geometry;R_(2)(Ru^(Ⅱ)-(bpp)_(2))incorporates tridentate ligands(bpp,2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine)inducing pronounced geometric distortion.The planar ligand(tpz)in R_(1) facilitates ordered molecular assembly through high conformational rigidity and extensive π-π stacking,resulting in increased molecular densities and enhanced morphological uniformity compared to R_(2) metallopolymers.Due to pyrazole’s weaker π-acceptance and strongerσ-donation compared to pyridine,R_(1) exhibits a 119 nm red-shift in metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT)band and a 30 mV anodic shift in Ru^(+2/+3)redox potential relative to R_(2).Coupled with a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap,the uniform and ordered structure leads to a lower conductance decay constant in R_(1).Additionally,R_(2) metallopolymers exhibit superior memristive performance(characterized by lower switching voltage and higher switching ratio)via redox-induced aromatic transitions in axial ligands enhancing electronic delocalization.This work compares two metallopolymers with different ligand geometries,revealing how this difference leads to distinct charge transport and memristive behaviors.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875247,21072221, 21172252)the Project of Talent Cultivation for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of the University of Chinese of Academy of Science
文摘The design and fabrication of ordered epitaxial MOF-on-MOF heterostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial but still challenging.In this study,a simple coordination-driven self-assembly method is used to fabricate controllable MOF-on-MOF multiscale heterostructures,where triangular host MOF(ZIF-67)nanosheets undergo in situ epitaxial growth to form uniform orthogonal vip MOF(CoFe PBA)nanosheets.Phosphorus(P)is further introduced in situ to fabricate CoP and Fe_(2)P heterostructured nanosheets(CoFe-P-NS),which exhibit excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance due to the enhancement of intrinsic electrocatalytic activity by p-d orbital hybridization.Specifically,the CoFe-P-NS requires low overpotential of 259 and 307 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 for HER and OER,respectively.Remarkably,the assembled electrolysis cell maintained a large current density of 300 mA cm−2 for over 360 h with negligible voltage increase during alkaline seawater electrolysis.Experiments and theoretical calculations show that the synergistic catalytic activity of bimetallic phosphides arises from p-d orbital hybridization,where the CoP-P sites enhance HER by optimizing H*adsorption in the Volmer-Heyrovsky steps,while the Fe_(2)P-Fe sites accelerate OER by lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step from O*to OOH*.This study provides valuable insights into the design of a controllable MOF-on-MOF-based electrocatalyst toward alkaline seawater splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160727)the Major Science and Technique Programs in Yunnan Province(202304BT090021-ML05)Yunnan Agricultural University research start-up Fund(KY2022-02).
文摘The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2024LZGC035)the Start-up Foundation for High Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University,China (665/1120012)。
文摘Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.
