The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive ge...The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.展开更多
An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid in...An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.展开更多
Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are ...Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.展开更多
In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FI...In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.展开更多
As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a ...As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.展开更多
For multilayer ceramic capacitors,co-sintering of ceramics with inner electrodes is a crucial issue.This requires ceramic materials to have a low sintering temperature.In response to this criterion,a hybrid processing...For multilayer ceramic capacitors,co-sintering of ceramics with inner electrodes is a crucial issue.This requires ceramic materials to have a low sintering temperature.In response to this criterion,a hybrid processing technology is proposed in this study.This technology involves mixing of calcined ceramic powders with sol solutions to obtain composite powders.Eventually,sintering temperature of the obtained composite material is reduced from 1300℃to 1120℃.This is originated from the introduction of more specific surface areas and more oxygen vacancies by sol solutions,leading to an enhancement of chemical reaction activity.The ceramic powders and the sol solutions used in this work are(Pb_(0.94)La_(0.04))(Zr_(0.51)Sn_(0.47)Hf_(0.01)Ti_(0.01))O_(3)and(Pb_(0.97)La_(0.02))(Zr_(0.6)Sn_(0.4))O_(3),respectively.Such composition design helps improve the dielectric constant and polarization intensity.While in the meantime,because of the strong interfacial resistance caused by sol solutions,interfacial insulation as well as electrical breakdown strength can be significantly improved.Consequently,a high energy storage density up to 12.4 J/cm^(3)and an efficiency of 92.4%is obtained in this work.Overall,this technology is applicable to a wide range of ceramic material systems,and provides an innovative design and manufacture of ceramics.展开更多
Recent predictions suggest that oxides,such as MgO and CaO,could serve as hosts of spin defects with long coherence times and thus be promising materials for quantum applications.However,in most cases,specific defects...Recent predictions suggest that oxides,such as MgO and CaO,could serve as hosts of spin defects with long coherence times and thus be promising materials for quantum applications.However,in most cases,specific defects have not yet been identified.Here,by using a high-throughput firstprinciples framework and advanced electronic structure methods,we identify a negatively charged complex between a nitrogen interstitial and a magnesium vacancy in MgO with favorable electronic and optical properties for hybrid quantumtechnologies.Weshow that this NV^(−)center has stable triplet ground and excited states,with singlet shelving states enabling optical initialization and spindependent readout.We predict several properties,including absorption,emission,and zero-phonon line energies,as well as zero-field splitting tensor,and hyperfine interaction parameters,which can aid in the experimental identification of this defect.Our calculations show that due to a strong pseudo-Jahn Teller effect and low-frequency phonon modes,the NV^(−)center in MgO is subject to a substantial vibronic coupling.We discuss design strategies to reduce such coupling and increase the Debye-Waller factor,including the effect of strain and the localization of the defect states.Wepropose that the favorable properties of the NV^(−)defect,along with the technological maturity of MgO,could enable hybrid classical-quantum applications,such as spintronic quantum sensors and single qubit gates.展开更多
Commutation failure(CF)is an inherent problem faced by line commutated converter high voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)technology.To completely solve the problem of CF,we have proposed a novel hybrid commutated convert...Commutation failure(CF)is an inherent problem faced by line commutated converter high voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)technology.To completely solve the problem of CF,we have proposed a novel hybrid commutated converter(HCC)technology based on reverse blocking integrated gate commutated thyristor,which can utilise two methods for commutation:enhanced grid voltage commutation and active turn-off forced com-mutation.In this paper,the topology and operating principle of HCC are proposed.Then,the control and protection strategy is designed based on the current variation trend under AC faults.To verify the effectiveness of HCC in mitigating CF,a 120-kV/360-MW HCC-HVDC model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC,adopting LCC at the rectifier side and HCC at the inverter side.Based on this model,HCC steady-state and fault transient stresses are analysed.Various AC faults are simulated and the performance of HCC-HVDC is compared with LCC-HVDC.Finally,the results show that the HCC topol-ogy and proposed control strategy can solve CF under all fault conditions with almost the same attributes as LCC,such as large capacity,low cost,low loss and high reliability,which is meaningful for the application of HCC to the HVDC transmission system.展开更多
Background Primary ovarian insufficiency （POI） is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche （primary amenorrhea） or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years. T...Background Primary ovarian insufficiency （POI） is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche （primary amenorrhea） or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years. The etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency in human female patients is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential genetic causes in primary amenorrhea patients by high resolution array based comparative genomic hybridization （array-CGH） analysis. Methods Following the standard karyotyping analysis, genomic DNA from whole blood of 15 primary amenorrhea patients and 15 normal control women was hybridized with Affymetrix cytogenetic 2.7M arrays following the standard protocol. Copy number variations identified by array-CGH were confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction.展开更多
A hyper-heuristic algorithm is a general solution framework that adaptively selects the optimizer to address complex problems.A classical hyper-heuristic framework consists of two levels,including the high-level heuri...A hyper-heuristic algorithm is a general solution framework that adaptively selects the optimizer to address complex problems.A classical hyper-heuristic framework consists of two levels,including the high-level heuristic and a set of low-level heuristics.The low-level heuristics to be used in the optimization process are chosen by the high-level tactics in the hyper-heuristic.In this study,a Cooperative Multi-Stage Hyper-Heuristic(CMS-HH)algorithm is proposed to address certain combinatorial optimization problems.In the CMS-HH,a genetic algorithm is introduced to perturb the initial solution to increase the diversity of the solution.In the search phase,an online learning mechanism based on the multi-armed bandits and relay hybridization technology are proposed to improve the quality of the solution.In addition,a multi-point search is introduced to cooperatively search with a single-point search when the state of the solution does not change in continuous time.The performance of the CMS-HH algorithm is assessed in six specific combinatorial optimization problems,including Boolean satisfiability problems,one-dimensional packing problems,permutation flow-shop scheduling problems,personnel scheduling problems,traveling salesman problems,and vehicle routing problems.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and significance of the proposed CMS-HH algorithm.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901203)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030308008 and 2019A1515110671)+2 种基金Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302006)Shenzhen Commission on Innovation and Technology Programs(JCYJ20180507181837997)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662957)。
文摘The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2015AA016902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61435013 and 61405188the K.C.Wong Education Foundation
文摘An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.
文摘Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(31160292)Crop Discipline Construction Project of Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College(2015ZWXKJS&2016ZWXKJS)
文摘In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technology in China,using the bibliometric method,taking " fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) " and " chromosome" as key words,this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) during 2002-2016.The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest(37),while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest(125).In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors,in 1201 papers,11 organizations published papers ≥15,accounting for 21.65%.In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals,11 periodicals published papers ≥10,accounting for 17.65%.In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects,in all papers searched,377 papers were supported by foundation projects,accounting for 31.39%.In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations,259 papers were master's dissertations,accounting for 21.57%;92 papers were doctoral dissertations,accounting for 7.66%.
文摘As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 51872201].
文摘For multilayer ceramic capacitors,co-sintering of ceramics with inner electrodes is a crucial issue.This requires ceramic materials to have a low sintering temperature.In response to this criterion,a hybrid processing technology is proposed in this study.This technology involves mixing of calcined ceramic powders with sol solutions to obtain composite powders.Eventually,sintering temperature of the obtained composite material is reduced from 1300℃to 1120℃.This is originated from the introduction of more specific surface areas and more oxygen vacancies by sol solutions,leading to an enhancement of chemical reaction activity.The ceramic powders and the sol solutions used in this work are(Pb_(0.94)La_(0.04))(Zr_(0.51)Sn_(0.47)Hf_(0.01)Ti_(0.01))O_(3)and(Pb_(0.97)La_(0.02))(Zr_(0.6)Sn_(0.4))O_(3),respectively.Such composition design helps improve the dielectric constant and polarization intensity.While in the meantime,because of the strong interfacial resistance caused by sol solutions,interfacial insulation as well as electrical breakdown strength can be significantly improved.Consequently,a high energy storage density up to 12.4 J/cm^(3)and an efficiency of 92.4%is obtained in this work.Overall,this technology is applicable to a wide range of ceramic material systems,and provides an innovative design and manufacture of ceramics.
基金the support from the Maria Goeppert Mayer Named Fellowship,under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development(LDRD)funding from Argonne National Laboratory,provided by the Director,Office of Science,of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357support from the Swedish e-science Research Centre(SeRC),the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the WBSQD2 project(Grant No.2018.0071)+5 种基金the Swedish Research Council(VR)Grant No.2022-00276supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)through the CFIRE grant#FA95502310667This work used several codes,including the WEST code whose development is supported by MICCoM,which is part of the Computational Materials Sciences Program funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences,and Engineering Division through Argonne National LaboratoryThis research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC),a Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility using NERSC award DDR-ERCAP0029604,resources of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center,and resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facilitya U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Office of Science user facility at Argonne National Laboratory,which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.DOE under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357The ADAQ computations were enabled by resources provided by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden(NAISS)at the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing(SNIC)at Tetralith,partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no.2022-06725.
文摘Recent predictions suggest that oxides,such as MgO and CaO,could serve as hosts of spin defects with long coherence times and thus be promising materials for quantum applications.However,in most cases,specific defects have not yet been identified.Here,by using a high-throughput firstprinciples framework and advanced electronic structure methods,we identify a negatively charged complex between a nitrogen interstitial and a magnesium vacancy in MgO with favorable electronic and optical properties for hybrid quantumtechnologies.Weshow that this NV^(−)center has stable triplet ground and excited states,with singlet shelving states enabling optical initialization and spindependent readout.We predict several properties,including absorption,emission,and zero-phonon line energies,as well as zero-field splitting tensor,and hyperfine interaction parameters,which can aid in the experimental identification of this defect.Our calculations show that due to a strong pseudo-Jahn Teller effect and low-frequency phonon modes,the NV^(−)center in MgO is subject to a substantial vibronic coupling.We discuss design strategies to reduce such coupling and increase the Debye-Waller factor,including the effect of strain and the localization of the defect states.Wepropose that the favorable properties of the NV^(−)defect,along with the technological maturity of MgO,could enable hybrid classical-quantum applications,such as spintronic quantum sensors and single qubit gates.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-State Grid Corporation Joint Fund for Smart Grid,Grant/Award Number:U2166602。
文摘Commutation failure(CF)is an inherent problem faced by line commutated converter high voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)technology.To completely solve the problem of CF,we have proposed a novel hybrid commutated converter(HCC)technology based on reverse blocking integrated gate commutated thyristor,which can utilise two methods for commutation:enhanced grid voltage commutation and active turn-off forced com-mutation.In this paper,the topology and operating principle of HCC are proposed.Then,the control and protection strategy is designed based on the current variation trend under AC faults.To verify the effectiveness of HCC in mitigating CF,a 120-kV/360-MW HCC-HVDC model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC,adopting LCC at the rectifier side and HCC at the inverter side.Based on this model,HCC steady-state and fault transient stresses are analysed.Various AC faults are simulated and the performance of HCC-HVDC is compared with LCC-HVDC.Finally,the results show that the HCC topol-ogy and proposed control strategy can solve CF under all fault conditions with almost the same attributes as LCC,such as large capacity,low cost,low loss and high reliability,which is meaningful for the application of HCC to the HVDC transmission system.
文摘Background Primary ovarian insufficiency （POI） is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche （primary amenorrhea） or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years. The etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency in human female patients is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential genetic causes in primary amenorrhea patients by high resolution array based comparative genomic hybridization （array-CGH） analysis. Methods Following the standard karyotyping analysis, genomic DNA from whole blood of 15 primary amenorrhea patients and 15 normal control women was hybridized with Affymetrix cytogenetic 2.7M arrays following the standard protocol. Copy number variations identified by array-CGH were confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2020YFB1713600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62063021)+2 种基金the Lanzhou Science Bureau Project(No.2018-rc-98)Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(No.LGJ19E050001)Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(No.LQ20F020011).
文摘A hyper-heuristic algorithm is a general solution framework that adaptively selects the optimizer to address complex problems.A classical hyper-heuristic framework consists of two levels,including the high-level heuristic and a set of low-level heuristics.The low-level heuristics to be used in the optimization process are chosen by the high-level tactics in the hyper-heuristic.In this study,a Cooperative Multi-Stage Hyper-Heuristic(CMS-HH)algorithm is proposed to address certain combinatorial optimization problems.In the CMS-HH,a genetic algorithm is introduced to perturb the initial solution to increase the diversity of the solution.In the search phase,an online learning mechanism based on the multi-armed bandits and relay hybridization technology are proposed to improve the quality of the solution.In addition,a multi-point search is introduced to cooperatively search with a single-point search when the state of the solution does not change in continuous time.The performance of the CMS-HH algorithm is assessed in six specific combinatorial optimization problems,including Boolean satisfiability problems,one-dimensional packing problems,permutation flow-shop scheduling problems,personnel scheduling problems,traveling salesman problems,and vehicle routing problems.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and significance of the proposed CMS-HH algorithm.
