The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (△BL). To apply this approach, laboratory ex...The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (△BL). To apply this approach, laboratory experiments were carried out at three temperatures regimes (15℃, 20℃, 25℃ ) to gain accurate data of IP and BL. The total number of specimens used in this study was 86 at 15℃ , 24 at 20℃ and 70 at 25℃. The number of flagellar segments of both antennae of the Hyale perieri could not be used as an index of growth (instar criterion). The obtained results indicated that, the predicted IP of the specimens was inversely related to temperature and in good agreement with the observed values at the experimental temperatures. IP data obtained from laboratory-reared specimes are combined with ABL data to establish a growth model for Hyale perieri from its release from the mar-supium (1.64 mm BL ) to the maximum size (12.67 mm BL) as a function of temperature. The maximum numbers of consecutive moults recorded during the experiment were 13 moults (14 instar) at 15℃, 14 moults (15 instar) at 20℃ and 12 moults (13 instar) at 25℃ . The predicted life span for BL = 12.67 mm (moult 13) was 203.82 d at 15t, for BL = 11.75 mm (moult 14) was 138.94 d at 20℃ and for BL = 8.65 mm (moult 12) was 75.40 d at 25℃ respectively, thus confirming that the life span of the species is inversely proportional to temperature. Within the experimental temperatures tested, the optimum temperature for the growth of the species was 20℃.展开更多
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a critical process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors during fasting to support vital organs like the brain and red blood cells. Postprandially, this process is rapidly ...Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a critical process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors during fasting to support vital organs like the brain and red blood cells. Postprandially, this process is rapidly suppressed to allow for glucose storage as glycogen and lipids in the liver. Failure to suppress gluconeogenesis after meals leads to elevated postprandial glucose levels, a key feature of type 2 diabetes. This dynamic switch is regulated by insulin and glucagon, but insulin resistance impairs this regulation. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism involving postprandial circulating hyaluronan(HA) and lysosomal hyaluronidase-1(HYAL1) that suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis by rewiring hepatic metabolism and mitochondrial function. Hyal1 knockout(Hyal1 KO) mice exhibited increased gluconeogenesis, while liver-specific Hyal1 overexpression(Liv-Hyal1) mice showed reduced gluconeogenic activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed minimal changes in liver gene expression due to Hyal1 deletion, but metabolomic profiling demonstrated that Hyal1 overexpression mitigated high-fat diet(HFD)-induced elevations in gluconeogenic pathway metabolites. Mechanistically, HYAL1-mediated HA digestion activates a feedback loop in HA synthesis, repartitioning the cellular uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine(UDP-Glc NAc) pool. This reduces O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification(O-Glc NAcylation) of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunits, decreasing ATP production and suppressing gluconeogenesis. Importantly, this pathway remains intact in the livers of HFD-fed, insulin-resistant mice. In summary, our findings reveal a new postprandial mechanism for regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis, highlighting the potential of enhancing postprandial HA levels or hepatic HYAL1 activity as a therapeutic strategy for managing excessive gluconeogenesis in insulin-resistant conditions, such as type 2 diabetes.展开更多
目的通过比较甲状腺良恶性肿瘤组织样本中HYAL2基因CpG位点甲基化水平的差异,评估其作为甲状腺癌鉴别诊断分子标志物的潜在价值。方法采用飞行时间质谱检测190对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)病例和年龄、性别配对的甲状腺腺瘤中HYAL2基因启动子...目的通过比较甲状腺良恶性肿瘤组织样本中HYAL2基因CpG位点甲基化水平的差异,评估其作为甲状腺癌鉴别诊断分子标志物的潜在价值。方法采用飞行时间质谱检测190对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)病例和年龄、性别配对的甲状腺腺瘤中HYAL2基因启动子区域CpG位点的甲基化水平。采用免疫组化检测另外55对匹配的甲状腺良恶性肿瘤患者的HYAL2蛋白表达水平。Logistic回归分析用于评估甲基化水平每降低10%与早期PTC之间的关联并计算比值比(OR)。受试者工作特征曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)用于评估HYAL2基因特定CpG位点甲基化水平改变作为分子标志物的效能。结果HYAL2_CpG_3位点低甲基化与早期PTC显著相关(OR=1.51,P=0.001),且该关联在Ⅰ期PTC中依旧显著(OR=1.42,P=0.007)。年龄分层分析显示HYAL2_CpG_3甲基化水平降低与早期PTC关联在年龄小于50岁的人群中显著高于高年龄组(OR:1.89 vs 1.37;P<0.05),且低年龄组人群中AUC最高,为0.787。免疫组化结果显示早期PTC中HYAL2蛋白表达水平显著高于甲状腺良性肿瘤。结论HYAL2基因启动子区域甲基化水平改变与早期PTC的关联,并为DNA甲基化改变作为甲状腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的标志物提供了新思路。展开更多
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored sperm hyaluronidases have long been believed to assist in sperm penetration through the cumulus-oocyte complex(COC);however,their role in mammalian fertilization remains unclear.P...Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored sperm hyaluronidases have long been believed to assist in sperm penetration through the cumulus-oocyte complex(COC);however,their role in mammalian fertilization remains unclear.Previously,we have shown that hyaluronidase 5(Hyal5)/Hyal7 double-knockout(dKO)mice produce significantly fewer offspring than their wild-type(WT)counterparts because of defective COC dispersal.Male infertility is mainly caused by a low sperm count.It can be further exacerbated by the deficiency of sperm hyaluronidase,which disperses the cumulus cells of the outer layer of the COC.In the current study,we evaluated the effects of a low count of Hyal-deficient sperm and conditions of ovulated oocytes on the fertilization rate using a mouse model.Our results demonstrated that a low sperm count further decreases the in vitro fertilization(IVF)rate of Hyal-deficient dKO spermatozoa.In addition,the dKO spermatozoa resulted in a fertilization rate of 12.5%upon fertilizing COCs with a thick cumulus layer,whereas the IVF rate was comparable to that of WT spermatozoa when oocytes with a thin or no cumulus layer were fertilized.Finally,we proved that the IVF rate of dKO spermatozoa could be recovered by adding rat spermatozoa as a source of sperm hyal.Our results suggest that a deficiency of proteins involved in fertilization,such as sperm hyal,has a vital role in fertilization.展开更多
The sheep genome harbours approximately 20 copies of endogenous beta-retroviruses （enJSRVs）, and circumstantial evidence suggests that enJSRVs might play a role in mammalian reproduction, particularly placental morp...The sheep genome harbours approximately 20 copies of endogenous beta-retroviruses （enJSRVs）, and circumstantial evidence suggests that enJSRVs might play a role in mammalian reproduction, particularly placental morphogenesis. This study was aimed to assess the expression of mRNAs of an enJSRV and its receptor, HYAL2, in the uterus and conceptuses of Mongolian ewes throughout gestation, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analysis. The results showed that enJSRV and HYAL2 mRNAs were found to be expressed throughout gestation in the endometrium, chorion, placenta, and conceptus. The enJSRV mRNA was most abundant in the placenta on day 90 of pregnancy, in the endometrium on day 30 and 50, and in the chorion on day 70 and 110. However, HYAL2 mRNA was most abundant in the endometrium on day 30. These differences were all significantly different from each other （P〈0.01）. In situ hybridization showed that enJSRV and HYAL2 mRNAs were specifically expressed in endometrial luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium, trophoblastic giant binucleated cells （BNCs）, endometrial caruncles, placental cotyledons, stroma, trophectoderm, as well as multinucleated syncytia of the placenta and blood vessel endothelial cells. Collectively, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which trophoblastic differentiation and multinucleated syncytia formation are regulated by enJSRVs. However, the temporal and spatial distributions of enJSRV expression in the uterus and conceptus indicate that differentiation of BNCs and the formation of a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast involve enJSRV and possibly its cellular receptor, HYAL2. Therefore, enJSRV and HYAL2 appear to play important roles in the female reproductive physiology in this breed of sheep.展开更多
文摘The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (△BL). To apply this approach, laboratory experiments were carried out at three temperatures regimes (15℃, 20℃, 25℃ ) to gain accurate data of IP and BL. The total number of specimens used in this study was 86 at 15℃ , 24 at 20℃ and 70 at 25℃. The number of flagellar segments of both antennae of the Hyale perieri could not be used as an index of growth (instar criterion). The obtained results indicated that, the predicted IP of the specimens was inversely related to temperature and in good agreement with the observed values at the experimental temperatures. IP data obtained from laboratory-reared specimes are combined with ABL data to establish a growth model for Hyale perieri from its release from the mar-supium (1.64 mm BL ) to the maximum size (12.67 mm BL) as a function of temperature. The maximum numbers of consecutive moults recorded during the experiment were 13 moults (14 instar) at 15℃, 14 moults (15 instar) at 20℃ and 12 moults (13 instar) at 25℃ . The predicted life span for BL = 12.67 mm (moult 13) was 203.82 d at 15t, for BL = 11.75 mm (moult 14) was 138.94 d at 20℃ and for BL = 8.65 mm (moult 12) was 75.40 d at 25℃ respectively, thus confirming that the life span of the species is inversely proportional to temperature. Within the experimental temperatures tested, the optimum temperature for the growth of the species was 20℃.
基金supported by the USDA/ARS (cooperative agreement 3092-51000062)the NIH R01DK136532 and R01DK136619 to Y.Z.,the NIH R00AG068239,R01DK138035,and R01AG084646 to S.Z.,the NIH R00CA237618 and USDA/ARS (cooperative agreement 309251000-064) to X.G.+2 种基金the CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research (RR210029) to D.G.supported by the CPRIT Core Facility Support Award RP210227 “Proteomic and Metabolomic Core Facility”,the NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA125123,the NIH R01CA220297 and R01CA216426the intramural funds from the Dan L.Duncan Cancer Center (DLDCC) at the Baylor College of Medicine。
文摘Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a critical process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors during fasting to support vital organs like the brain and red blood cells. Postprandially, this process is rapidly suppressed to allow for glucose storage as glycogen and lipids in the liver. Failure to suppress gluconeogenesis after meals leads to elevated postprandial glucose levels, a key feature of type 2 diabetes. This dynamic switch is regulated by insulin and glucagon, but insulin resistance impairs this regulation. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism involving postprandial circulating hyaluronan(HA) and lysosomal hyaluronidase-1(HYAL1) that suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis by rewiring hepatic metabolism and mitochondrial function. Hyal1 knockout(Hyal1 KO) mice exhibited increased gluconeogenesis, while liver-specific Hyal1 overexpression(Liv-Hyal1) mice showed reduced gluconeogenic activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed minimal changes in liver gene expression due to Hyal1 deletion, but metabolomic profiling demonstrated that Hyal1 overexpression mitigated high-fat diet(HFD)-induced elevations in gluconeogenic pathway metabolites. Mechanistically, HYAL1-mediated HA digestion activates a feedback loop in HA synthesis, repartitioning the cellular uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine(UDP-Glc NAc) pool. This reduces O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification(O-Glc NAcylation) of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunits, decreasing ATP production and suppressing gluconeogenesis. Importantly, this pathway remains intact in the livers of HFD-fed, insulin-resistant mice. In summary, our findings reveal a new postprandial mechanism for regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis, highlighting the potential of enhancing postprandial HA levels or hepatic HYAL1 activity as a therapeutic strategy for managing excessive gluconeogenesis in insulin-resistant conditions, such as type 2 diabetes.
文摘目的通过比较甲状腺良恶性肿瘤组织样本中HYAL2基因CpG位点甲基化水平的差异,评估其作为甲状腺癌鉴别诊断分子标志物的潜在价值。方法采用飞行时间质谱检测190对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)病例和年龄、性别配对的甲状腺腺瘤中HYAL2基因启动子区域CpG位点的甲基化水平。采用免疫组化检测另外55对匹配的甲状腺良恶性肿瘤患者的HYAL2蛋白表达水平。Logistic回归分析用于评估甲基化水平每降低10%与早期PTC之间的关联并计算比值比(OR)。受试者工作特征曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)用于评估HYAL2基因特定CpG位点甲基化水平改变作为分子标志物的效能。结果HYAL2_CpG_3位点低甲基化与早期PTC显著相关(OR=1.51,P=0.001),且该关联在Ⅰ期PTC中依旧显著(OR=1.42,P=0.007)。年龄分层分析显示HYAL2_CpG_3甲基化水平降低与早期PTC关联在年龄小于50岁的人群中显著高于高年龄组(OR:1.89 vs 1.37;P<0.05),且低年龄组人群中AUC最高,为0.787。免疫组化结果显示早期PTC中HYAL2蛋白表达水平显著高于甲状腺良性肿瘤。结论HYAL2基因启动子区域甲基化水平改变与早期PTC的关联,并为DNA甲基化改变作为甲状腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的标志物提供了新思路。
基金supported by the KRIBB Research Initiative Program(KGM4252122)the National Research Foundation(2018M2A9Hl078340)the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(NRF-2020R111A3072358).
文摘Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored sperm hyaluronidases have long been believed to assist in sperm penetration through the cumulus-oocyte complex(COC);however,their role in mammalian fertilization remains unclear.Previously,we have shown that hyaluronidase 5(Hyal5)/Hyal7 double-knockout(dKO)mice produce significantly fewer offspring than their wild-type(WT)counterparts because of defective COC dispersal.Male infertility is mainly caused by a low sperm count.It can be further exacerbated by the deficiency of sperm hyaluronidase,which disperses the cumulus cells of the outer layer of the COC.In the current study,we evaluated the effects of a low count of Hyal-deficient sperm and conditions of ovulated oocytes on the fertilization rate using a mouse model.Our results demonstrated that a low sperm count further decreases the in vitro fertilization(IVF)rate of Hyal-deficient dKO spermatozoa.In addition,the dKO spermatozoa resulted in a fertilization rate of 12.5%upon fertilizing COCs with a thick cumulus layer,whereas the IVF rate was comparable to that of WT spermatozoa when oocytes with a thin or no cumulus layer were fertilized.Finally,we proved that the IVF rate of dKO spermatozoa could be recovered by adding rat spermatozoa as a source of sperm hyal.Our results suggest that a deficiency of proteins involved in fertilization,such as sperm hyal,has a vital role in fertilization.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30960271 and 31160493)the doctor fund project of Ministry of Education of China(20111515110008)
文摘The sheep genome harbours approximately 20 copies of endogenous beta-retroviruses （enJSRVs）, and circumstantial evidence suggests that enJSRVs might play a role in mammalian reproduction, particularly placental morphogenesis. This study was aimed to assess the expression of mRNAs of an enJSRV and its receptor, HYAL2, in the uterus and conceptuses of Mongolian ewes throughout gestation, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analysis. The results showed that enJSRV and HYAL2 mRNAs were found to be expressed throughout gestation in the endometrium, chorion, placenta, and conceptus. The enJSRV mRNA was most abundant in the placenta on day 90 of pregnancy, in the endometrium on day 30 and 50, and in the chorion on day 70 and 110. However, HYAL2 mRNA was most abundant in the endometrium on day 30. These differences were all significantly different from each other （P〈0.01）. In situ hybridization showed that enJSRV and HYAL2 mRNAs were specifically expressed in endometrial luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium, trophoblastic giant binucleated cells （BNCs）, endometrial caruncles, placental cotyledons, stroma, trophectoderm, as well as multinucleated syncytia of the placenta and blood vessel endothelial cells. Collectively, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which trophoblastic differentiation and multinucleated syncytia formation are regulated by enJSRVs. However, the temporal and spatial distributions of enJSRV expression in the uterus and conceptus indicate that differentiation of BNCs and the formation of a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast involve enJSRV and possibly its cellular receptor, HYAL2. Therefore, enJSRV and HYAL2 appear to play important roles in the female reproductive physiology in this breed of sheep.
