The Health Project—Community Health USAID is a community-based intervention that has been implemented by a group of NGOs, among which there is Africare, for a period of 5 years (2006-2011). It seeks to strengthen the...The Health Project—Community Health USAID is a community-based intervention that has been implemented by a group of NGOs, among which there is Africare, for a period of 5 years (2006-2011). It seeks to strengthen the community health system through a package of basic services offered at the health center, and as well as to improve the skills and knowledge of community actors. The main objective of this study is to capture the perceptions of beneficiaries and stakeholders about the services offered at the PSSC health posts located in the health district Goudomp. A qualitative cross-sectional study on the perception of the community of the USAID PSSC and quality of services offered by the health huts was conducted from the 2nd to 5th of May 2009 in the Goudomp health district. To achieve the objectives of this study, we conducted focus group discussions with all the community leaders and had individual interviews with the community health workers (CHWs) and the supervisor of the NGO Africare. From most of the discussions, it can be concluded that the activities of the health hut are not well known by the populations. The best known activities are those performed by the nurse: immunization and prenatal care. The existence of health huts at the community level was considered beneficial by all the community leaders. For the majority of the participants to the focus group discussions, the health huts “provided access to basic care”. Some participants, however, pointed out the “frequent drugs shortages” which, according to them, would explain the low attendance of the health huts in favor of the health post. The majority of CHWs and matrons felt that supervision activities were done on a regular basis. During the interviews, they mentioned many difficulties. However, the most common problem is the fact that the CHWs and the matron “who have no other source of income” were not salaried workers. This assessment has identified some difficulties in the implementation of the PSSC in the Goudomp health district. In order to solve the problems one would necessarily have to initiate a dialogue between the community and other stakeholders (health district, Africare, Local Government and CHWs).展开更多
Building construction using cement bricks on the one hand,and mud bricks on the other hand,presents problems of resistance and durability in the face of natural weathering in our country(Republic of Guinea).These diff...Building construction using cement bricks on the one hand,and mud bricks on the other hand,presents problems of resistance and durability in the face of natural weathering in our country(Republic of Guinea).These difficulties could be linked to non-compliance with standards and the failure to master certain physico-chemical,mechanical and technical parameters when constructing a building.In order to remedy this problem,a series of studies were carried out on samples of mud bricks used in the construction of century-old straw hut buildings in the urban commune of Kouroussa(Republic of Guinea).To this end,the compressive strength of the brick samples was assessed either:0.10 MPa,and sensory techniques of certain characteristics were carried out to evaluate the cohesion of the elements in the brick samples,such as:coward boule technique,hand washing test,withdrawal of a soil(pellet or ring test)and of the jar test.The physico-chemical analyses methods were carried out using XRF(X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry),granulometry and Atterberg limits in accordance with NF P 94-051.These results showed a high insoluble residue content(49.9%)and the sample had a clay-like appearance with a low PI(Plasticity Index)=8%.This study could be an alternative guide for the authorities in charge of housing and construction in the Kouroussa prefecture(Republic of Guinea).because,the majority of houses in Upper Guinea are built with mud raw bricks or fired bricks.展开更多
The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers o...The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers obtained by grinding and soaking in water and then drying were used as a stabilizer in the manufacture of these mud bricks from the sample of two sites Dounkiwal (DK) (in Mamou and the sample from the urban commune of Kouroussa). To do this, certain methods and means of identification were carried out, namely: geotechnical, mineralogical and chemical analyses. Sample DK from Mamou has a silty-clay geotechnical characteristic with a plasticity index Ip of 12.75%. However, mineralogical and chemical studies showed that sample Dounkiwal (DK) (Mamou) contains a high proportion of silica and iron oxides (79.63%) and Fe2O3 (11.85%), associated with other alkaline earth oxides and ions: CaO;MgO;SO32−;Cl−, i.e. 3.96%;0.96%;0.28% and 0.039% respectively. Its loss on ignition (LOI) and insoluble residues are 15.40% and 56.36%. The evaluation of the number of huts in Upper and Middle Guinea showed that the populations of these areas have been using mud bricks for several decades in the construction of dwellings. The average value found for the compressive strength of these bricks (from samples I, II and III from Kouroussa) is 0.16 MPa. This value is appreciable in the construction of mud houses.展开更多
通过对东北积雪实验观测数据和HUT(the Helsinki University of Technology)积雪-冰-水层模型模拟数据的比较分析,描述了积雪-冰-水系统的发射率特征。并于2010年1月21日～22日在吉林省松原市的松花江进行了积雪辐射计观测试验,通过对...通过对东北积雪实验观测数据和HUT(the Helsinki University of Technology)积雪-冰-水层模型模拟数据的比较分析,描述了积雪-冰-水系统的发射率特征。并于2010年1月21日～22日在吉林省松原市的松花江进行了积雪辐射计观测试验,通过对湖冰上的积雪的亮温观测和HUT模型模拟的亮温比较结果来看,HUT模型在各个角度下模拟亮温与实测亮温均较吻合,其中模拟的水平极化亮温的拟合结果要好于垂直极化的结果。HUT模拟和地面测量结果的水平极化的拟合度——R2为0.9316,垂直极化的R2为0.9194。通过地面观测数据,本文分析了湖冰对现有被动微波反演积雪算法的影响,利用HUT模型进行了雪层厚度和冰层厚度对当前雪水当量反演所用的亮温差的敏感性分析,发现当前的雪水当量反演算法对冰层厚度非常敏感,尤其在冰层比较薄的情况下,要精确获得富湖泊区的雪水当量,还需要更进一步的研究。展开更多
文摘The Health Project—Community Health USAID is a community-based intervention that has been implemented by a group of NGOs, among which there is Africare, for a period of 5 years (2006-2011). It seeks to strengthen the community health system through a package of basic services offered at the health center, and as well as to improve the skills and knowledge of community actors. The main objective of this study is to capture the perceptions of beneficiaries and stakeholders about the services offered at the PSSC health posts located in the health district Goudomp. A qualitative cross-sectional study on the perception of the community of the USAID PSSC and quality of services offered by the health huts was conducted from the 2nd to 5th of May 2009 in the Goudomp health district. To achieve the objectives of this study, we conducted focus group discussions with all the community leaders and had individual interviews with the community health workers (CHWs) and the supervisor of the NGO Africare. From most of the discussions, it can be concluded that the activities of the health hut are not well known by the populations. The best known activities are those performed by the nurse: immunization and prenatal care. The existence of health huts at the community level was considered beneficial by all the community leaders. For the majority of the participants to the focus group discussions, the health huts “provided access to basic care”. Some participants, however, pointed out the “frequent drugs shortages” which, according to them, would explain the low attendance of the health huts in favor of the health post. The majority of CHWs and matrons felt that supervision activities were done on a regular basis. During the interviews, they mentioned many difficulties. However, the most common problem is the fact that the CHWs and the matron “who have no other source of income” were not salaried workers. This assessment has identified some difficulties in the implementation of the PSSC in the Goudomp health district. In order to solve the problems one would necessarily have to initiate a dialogue between the community and other stakeholders (health district, Africare, Local Government and CHWs).
文摘Building construction using cement bricks on the one hand,and mud bricks on the other hand,presents problems of resistance and durability in the face of natural weathering in our country(Republic of Guinea).These difficulties could be linked to non-compliance with standards and the failure to master certain physico-chemical,mechanical and technical parameters when constructing a building.In order to remedy this problem,a series of studies were carried out on samples of mud bricks used in the construction of century-old straw hut buildings in the urban commune of Kouroussa(Republic of Guinea).To this end,the compressive strength of the brick samples was assessed either:0.10 MPa,and sensory techniques of certain characteristics were carried out to evaluate the cohesion of the elements in the brick samples,such as:coward boule technique,hand washing test,withdrawal of a soil(pellet or ring test)and of the jar test.The physico-chemical analyses methods were carried out using XRF(X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry),granulometry and Atterberg limits in accordance with NF P 94-051.These results showed a high insoluble residue content(49.9%)and the sample had a clay-like appearance with a low PI(Plasticity Index)=8%.This study could be an alternative guide for the authorities in charge of housing and construction in the Kouroussa prefecture(Republic of Guinea).because,the majority of houses in Upper Guinea are built with mud raw bricks or fired bricks.
文摘The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers obtained by grinding and soaking in water and then drying were used as a stabilizer in the manufacture of these mud bricks from the sample of two sites Dounkiwal (DK) (in Mamou and the sample from the urban commune of Kouroussa). To do this, certain methods and means of identification were carried out, namely: geotechnical, mineralogical and chemical analyses. Sample DK from Mamou has a silty-clay geotechnical characteristic with a plasticity index Ip of 12.75%. However, mineralogical and chemical studies showed that sample Dounkiwal (DK) (Mamou) contains a high proportion of silica and iron oxides (79.63%) and Fe2O3 (11.85%), associated with other alkaline earth oxides and ions: CaO;MgO;SO32−;Cl−, i.e. 3.96%;0.96%;0.28% and 0.039% respectively. Its loss on ignition (LOI) and insoluble residues are 15.40% and 56.36%. The evaluation of the number of huts in Upper and Middle Guinea showed that the populations of these areas have been using mud bricks for several decades in the construction of dwellings. The average value found for the compressive strength of these bricks (from samples I, II and III from Kouroussa) is 0.16 MPa. This value is appreciable in the construction of mud houses.
文摘目的:探讨人HUT78细胞是否存在褪黑素受体(melatonin receptor,MR)及其亚细胞分布特点。方法:采用异硫氰酸胍-苯酚-氯仿一步法抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法检测MR亚型mt1和MT2的mRNA,并将RT—PCR的阳性产物通过自动测序仪测序;同时应用免疫组化染色方法检测mt1和MT2受体亚型蛋白在HUT78细胞内的分布特点。结果:RT—PCR得到了368 bp
文摘通过对东北积雪实验观测数据和HUT(the Helsinki University of Technology)积雪-冰-水层模型模拟数据的比较分析,描述了积雪-冰-水系统的发射率特征。并于2010年1月21日～22日在吉林省松原市的松花江进行了积雪辐射计观测试验,通过对湖冰上的积雪的亮温观测和HUT模型模拟的亮温比较结果来看,HUT模型在各个角度下模拟亮温与实测亮温均较吻合,其中模拟的水平极化亮温的拟合结果要好于垂直极化的结果。HUT模拟和地面测量结果的水平极化的拟合度——R2为0.9316,垂直极化的R2为0.9194。通过地面观测数据,本文分析了湖冰对现有被动微波反演积雪算法的影响,利用HUT模型进行了雪层厚度和冰层厚度对当前雪水当量反演所用的亮温差的敏感性分析,发现当前的雪水当量反演算法对冰层厚度非常敏感,尤其在冰层比较薄的情况下,要精确获得富湖泊区的雪水当量,还需要更进一步的研究。
