Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her...Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her children at their home near the Angola border.展开更多
In machine learning and data mining,feature selection(FS)is a traditional and complicated optimization problem.Since the run time increases exponentially,FS is treated as an NP-hard problem.The researcher’s effort to...In machine learning and data mining,feature selection(FS)is a traditional and complicated optimization problem.Since the run time increases exponentially,FS is treated as an NP-hard problem.The researcher’s effort to build a new FS solution was inspired by the ongoing need for an efficient FS framework and the success rates of swarming outcomes in different optimization scenarios.This paper presents two binary variants of a Hunger Games Search Optimization(HGSO)algorithm based on V-and S-shaped transfer functions within a wrapper FS model for choosing the best features from a large dataset.The proposed technique transforms the continuous HGSO into a binary variant using V-and S-shaped transfer functions(BHGSO-V and BHGSO-S).To validate the accuracy,16 famous UCI datasets are considered and compared with different state-of-the-art metaheuristic binary algorithms.The findings demonstrate that BHGSO-V achieves better performance in terms of the selected number of features,classification accuracy,run time,and fitness values than other state-of-the-art algorithms.The results demonstrate that the BHGSO-V algorithm can reduce dimensionality and choose the most helpful features for classification problems.The proposed BHGSO-V achieves 95%average classification accuracy for most of the datasets,and run time is less than 5 sec.for low and medium dimensional datasets and less than 10 sec for high dimensional datasets.展开更多
Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves mor...Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.展开更多
At meals, people aim to maintain their usual energy level and balance in blood and all tissues. People have subjectively refined this aim through poorly conscious months and years, i.e., outside any comparison with ot...At meals, people aim to maintain their usual energy level and balance in blood and all tissues. People have subjectively refined this aim through poorly conscious months and years, i.e., outside any comparison with other people, other times or feeding conditions. The preprandial weekly mean blood glucose can assess this individual aim that differs from other people in the general fattening/ diabetes development. The evaluation of this pathogenic development in the overall stratification shows how unhealthy is the subject’s energy imbalance. After 2 - 48 hours of meal suspension, the aim arises as Initial Hunger. This Initial Hunger serves as reference sensation in the assessment of current energy availability. Recognition of three Initial Hunger arousals per day produces an even energy balance and eliminates any conditioned intake. This meal pattern seemed a useful chance to reverse current trends in overweight increase. Two reliable authorities (National Institute of Health and New England Journal of Medicine) noticed that already, all dieticians instructed to wait for hunger arousal before meals to limit energy intake for body weight loss. Dieticians’ definition and instructions on hunger for body weight loss miss any distinction from conditioned energy intake and are ineffective. Present report shows the need for improving awareness on hunger.展开更多
We recently described the training of the passage from scheduled to demanded meals in infants and adults. Subjects reduced energy intake by subjectively abolishing conditioned meals and by allowing intake only after d...We recently described the training of the passage from scheduled to demanded meals in infants and adults. Subjects reduced energy intake by subjectively abolishing conditioned meals and by allowing intake only after demand by the infant or after hunger perception by the adult (Initial Hunger Meal Pattern;IHMP). Conditioned meals were those scheduled and/or presented to the infant as well to the adult by sight, smell, mentioning, gesturing or simply at a fixed mealtime. During IHMP instead, meals were suspended until the first infant’s demand or until an adult’s self-noticing arousal of hunger. IHMP was checked by measuring blood glucose before three meals per day (MBG) and was associated with significant decreases in diary-reported energy-intake, MBG, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, insulin AUC in glucose tolerance tests and in days with diarrhea as compared to randomized control subjects who maintained conditioned meals. Although generalized, conditioned eating is a modern aberration that is associated with development of insulin resistance and overall inflammation. These associations are well demonstrated independently from the implicated mechanism. A state of Overall Subclinical Inflammation greatly increases cell and DNA replications and replication errors. After decades of DNA errors, oncogenic cells arise and cumulate. A prevention of malignancies is possible by interrupting the development of conditioned eating, insulin resistance and associated overall inflammation.展开更多
Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of child death.However,comprehensive data showing the relationships between dietary-practices,food security,and nutritional status are scant.The present study aimed to examine th...Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of child death.However,comprehensive data showing the relationships between dietary-practices,food security,and nutritional status are scant.The present study aimed to examine the association of inappropriate feeding practices and household-hunger with anthropometric measures in children aged 6–23 months.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 525-households.Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on socio-demographic,child health,dietary-practices and household-hunger.Weight and height/length of the children were measured and analyzed using the new World Health Organization(WHO)Growth Standards.The prevalence of stunting,wasting and underweight as well as composite index of anthropometric failure(CIFA)were used to indicate under-nutrition.The overall prevalence of inappropriate feeding practices was 22.9%,rate of moderate households-hunger was 12.4%,and the prevalence of stunting,underweight and wasting was 16.2%,6.9%and 6.3%,respectively,while the CIAF was 21.3%.The prevalence was significantly higher in young children aged 12–23 months than in infants aged 6–11 months.Children from households experiencing moderate hunger had significantly higher risk of being stunting(OR:10.20;95%CI:2.00–51.50),underweight(OR:3.89;95%CI:1.40–10.90),wasting(OR:1.97;95%CI:0.99–3.90),and CIAF(OR:1.90;95%CI:1.05–3.45),than those residing in households experiencing no or mild hunger.Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to improve household food-security and child dietary practices,thus the nutritional status among young children.展开更多
Recently, people suffer from the inability to maintain weight with an increasing body mass, and this may be due to several reasons, including the type and quantity of food. In current study, the effect of the glycemic...Recently, people suffer from the inability to maintain weight with an increasing body mass, and this may be due to several reasons, including the type and quantity of food. In current study, the effect of the glycemic index of foods (high-low-medium) on the speed of return of hunger in adult women was discussed. Non-pregnant or lactating women who do not suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes and pressure, for three days in a row for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, by calculating the number of hours preceding the feeling of hunger, as the results showed that the least hours of hunger were after eating foods with a low glycemic index and then followed by foods with a medium glycemic index, and the number of hours of starvation after eating foods with a high glycemic index was the least, and this leads to an increase in subsequent food intake and an increase in calories during the day. The results indicated: first day that are high in the glycemic index (breakfast). Highest percentage of feeling hungry was 30% after 4 h (lunch). The highest percentage of feeling hungry was 30% after 3 h, (dinner), the highest percentage of not feeling hungry by 50%. The second day with a low glycemic index (breakfast). The highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h was 30%, (lunch). The highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h was 30%, (dinner). The highest percentage of not feeling hungry was 80%. Third day with a medium glycemic index (breakfast). The highest percentage of feeling hungry was after 3 h and 4 h, with a percentage of 30%, (lunch), the highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h, with a percentage of 30%, (dinner), the highest percentage of not feeling hungry by 70%, which increases body mass and weight continuously, and this leads to an increase in vulnerability to chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to preserve and be careful to eat meals with a low and medium glycemic index in the diets, with the addition of foods with a high glycemic index, without negligence or excess, and we look forward to increasing the research on the effect of the glycemic index of food on the speed of return of hunger while standardizing the quantity and type of food for all volunteers.展开更多
The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction t...The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction that dramatizes both realistic and fantastic portray of the world. Through depicting the intellectual and social development of protagonist Katniss who, after experiencing both defeats and triumphs in a dystopian world, Suzanne Collins successfully conveys the coming-of-age theme under the veil of science fiction in the Hunger Games trilogy.展开更多
CHINA has been a big agricultural country since ancient times. The rise and fall of agriculture directly determined the country’s prosperity. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, in the face...CHINA has been a big agricultural country since ancient times. The rise and fall of agriculture directly determined the country’s prosperity. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, in the face of frequent natural disasters and a growing population, the central government prioritized the food issue and took various measures to promote food production.“Let no Chinese go hungry” has been the dream of Yuan Longping, agricultural scientist and expert in hybrid rice. For 60 years he has conducted research in this field and successfully developed three varieties of hybrid rice, allowing the production to rise from 4,500 kg to more than 15,000 kg per hectare. Known as “the father of hybrid rice,” Yuan has made outstanding contributions to China’s food security and global food supply.展开更多
In the book Daughter of hunger, the author depicted us the lives of city paupers in the 1960s of China, a generation that is born neither quiet nor peaceful, and a generation that is destined to suffer more in their t...In the book Daughter of hunger, the author depicted us the lives of city paupers in the 1960s of China, a generation that is born neither quiet nor peaceful, and a generation that is destined to suffer more in their teenage years. The word ＂hunger＂ has multiple implications, during her journey of searching for her father, we will see how Liuliu, the main character of the book, struggled with the infertility in both material and spiritual worlds, how she tried to embrace the erotic love to confirm her rather painfully real self-existence, and how life and destiny eventually lead her out of the ordinaries.展开更多
Recently, with people＇s lives have been continuously improved, the purchasing power of consumers is increasing ）,ear by year and China＇s market is becoming more and more mature. In this case. consumers have more op...Recently, with people＇s lives have been continuously improved, the purchasing power of consumers is increasing ）,ear by year and China＇s market is becoming more and more mature. In this case. consumers have more options for the purchase of mobile phones. Hunger Marketing model is now facing a severe test in the lnternet era. This paper will analyze and prove it from the perspective of customer satisfaction. As the representative of Hunger Marketing, Xiaomi is facing many other new rivals. If something should be done for keeping Xiaomi still among the best in the new era of mobile phone market, it should be enhancing brand value and product process, improving core competence and sincerity rather than Hunger Marketing model.展开更多
In novel the Woman Warrior,"food" and "hunger" have indispensable symbolic meanings."Hunger" becomes a symbol of women's desire and the only way to get rid of the "hunger"is...In novel the Woman Warrior,"food" and "hunger" have indispensable symbolic meanings."Hunger" becomes a symbol of women's desire and the only way to get rid of the "hunger"is the "food"——women's self-reliance.展开更多
In the hands of chef Bai Changji, tofu （soybean curd） alone can be turned out to be a banquet of more than 200 kinds of cuisine. Even the bean dregs after making tofu will be cooked into dishes.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to ...The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.展开更多
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i.e. during the few centuries before and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cycli...Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i.e. during the few centuries before and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle and low latitude lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production. Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation, rather than escaping from war zones. The "wandering" of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind. Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people. Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but water management and agricultural researches to insure food supply for an everincreasing world population.展开更多
Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of m...Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating malnutrition.The challenge,however,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for humans.Here,we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing environment.We discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin biofortification.Finally,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.展开更多
In order to improve the light welfare of Nile tilapia in aquaculture,the influence of hunger level on light spectrum preference of Nile tilapia was explored in this study.The whole experiment was based on the emptying...In order to improve the light welfare of Nile tilapia in aquaculture,the influence of hunger level on light spectrum preference of Nile tilapia was explored in this study.The whole experiment was based on the emptying of the gastrointestinal contents,and carried out under the controlled laboratory conditions.The light spectrum preference was assessed by counting the head location of fish in each experimental tank,which containing seven compartments(i.e.,red,blue,white,yellow,black,green and public area).t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)was adopted to visualize the hunger level-based dynamic preference on light spectrum in two-dimensional space.According to the clustering results,significant differences in light spectrum preferences of Nile tilapia,under the different hunger levels,were indicated.In addition,the average visit frequency in green compartment was significantly lower than that in other color compartments throughout the whole experiment,and the total visit frequency in red compartment was relatively higher during the whole experiment.展开更多
文摘Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her children at their home near the Angola border.
文摘In machine learning and data mining,feature selection(FS)is a traditional and complicated optimization problem.Since the run time increases exponentially,FS is treated as an NP-hard problem.The researcher’s effort to build a new FS solution was inspired by the ongoing need for an efficient FS framework and the success rates of swarming outcomes in different optimization scenarios.This paper presents two binary variants of a Hunger Games Search Optimization(HGSO)algorithm based on V-and S-shaped transfer functions within a wrapper FS model for choosing the best features from a large dataset.The proposed technique transforms the continuous HGSO into a binary variant using V-and S-shaped transfer functions(BHGSO-V and BHGSO-S).To validate the accuracy,16 famous UCI datasets are considered and compared with different state-of-the-art metaheuristic binary algorithms.The findings demonstrate that BHGSO-V achieves better performance in terms of the selected number of features,classification accuracy,run time,and fitness values than other state-of-the-art algorithms.The results demonstrate that the BHGSO-V algorithm can reduce dimensionality and choose the most helpful features for classification problems.The proposed BHGSO-V achieves 95%average classification accuracy for most of the datasets,and run time is less than 5 sec.for low and medium dimensional datasets and less than 10 sec for high dimensional datasets.
基金funded by the College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province(No.S202110366047)the College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Medical University(No.AYDDCxj2022008&AYDDCxj2020078).
文摘Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.
文摘At meals, people aim to maintain their usual energy level and balance in blood and all tissues. People have subjectively refined this aim through poorly conscious months and years, i.e., outside any comparison with other people, other times or feeding conditions. The preprandial weekly mean blood glucose can assess this individual aim that differs from other people in the general fattening/ diabetes development. The evaluation of this pathogenic development in the overall stratification shows how unhealthy is the subject’s energy imbalance. After 2 - 48 hours of meal suspension, the aim arises as Initial Hunger. This Initial Hunger serves as reference sensation in the assessment of current energy availability. Recognition of three Initial Hunger arousals per day produces an even energy balance and eliminates any conditioned intake. This meal pattern seemed a useful chance to reverse current trends in overweight increase. Two reliable authorities (National Institute of Health and New England Journal of Medicine) noticed that already, all dieticians instructed to wait for hunger arousal before meals to limit energy intake for body weight loss. Dieticians’ definition and instructions on hunger for body weight loss miss any distinction from conditioned energy intake and are ineffective. Present report shows the need for improving awareness on hunger.
文摘We recently described the training of the passage from scheduled to demanded meals in infants and adults. Subjects reduced energy intake by subjectively abolishing conditioned meals and by allowing intake only after demand by the infant or after hunger perception by the adult (Initial Hunger Meal Pattern;IHMP). Conditioned meals were those scheduled and/or presented to the infant as well to the adult by sight, smell, mentioning, gesturing or simply at a fixed mealtime. During IHMP instead, meals were suspended until the first infant’s demand or until an adult’s self-noticing arousal of hunger. IHMP was checked by measuring blood glucose before three meals per day (MBG) and was associated with significant decreases in diary-reported energy-intake, MBG, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, insulin AUC in glucose tolerance tests and in days with diarrhea as compared to randomized control subjects who maintained conditioned meals. Although generalized, conditioned eating is a modern aberration that is associated with development of insulin resistance and overall inflammation. These associations are well demonstrated independently from the implicated mechanism. A state of Overall Subclinical Inflammation greatly increases cell and DNA replications and replication errors. After decades of DNA errors, oncogenic cells arise and cumulate. A prevention of malignancies is possible by interrupting the development of conditioned eating, insulin resistance and associated overall inflammation.
基金This project was supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC),Nestle Nutrition Institute Africa(NINA)and Wollega University.
文摘Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of child death.However,comprehensive data showing the relationships between dietary-practices,food security,and nutritional status are scant.The present study aimed to examine the association of inappropriate feeding practices and household-hunger with anthropometric measures in children aged 6–23 months.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 525-households.Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on socio-demographic,child health,dietary-practices and household-hunger.Weight and height/length of the children were measured and analyzed using the new World Health Organization(WHO)Growth Standards.The prevalence of stunting,wasting and underweight as well as composite index of anthropometric failure(CIFA)were used to indicate under-nutrition.The overall prevalence of inappropriate feeding practices was 22.9%,rate of moderate households-hunger was 12.4%,and the prevalence of stunting,underweight and wasting was 16.2%,6.9%and 6.3%,respectively,while the CIAF was 21.3%.The prevalence was significantly higher in young children aged 12–23 months than in infants aged 6–11 months.Children from households experiencing moderate hunger had significantly higher risk of being stunting(OR:10.20;95%CI:2.00–51.50),underweight(OR:3.89;95%CI:1.40–10.90),wasting(OR:1.97;95%CI:0.99–3.90),and CIAF(OR:1.90;95%CI:1.05–3.45),than those residing in households experiencing no or mild hunger.Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to improve household food-security and child dietary practices,thus the nutritional status among young children.
文摘Recently, people suffer from the inability to maintain weight with an increasing body mass, and this may be due to several reasons, including the type and quantity of food. In current study, the effect of the glycemic index of foods (high-low-medium) on the speed of return of hunger in adult women was discussed. Non-pregnant or lactating women who do not suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes and pressure, for three days in a row for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, by calculating the number of hours preceding the feeling of hunger, as the results showed that the least hours of hunger were after eating foods with a low glycemic index and then followed by foods with a medium glycemic index, and the number of hours of starvation after eating foods with a high glycemic index was the least, and this leads to an increase in subsequent food intake and an increase in calories during the day. The results indicated: first day that are high in the glycemic index (breakfast). Highest percentage of feeling hungry was 30% after 4 h (lunch). The highest percentage of feeling hungry was 30% after 3 h, (dinner), the highest percentage of not feeling hungry by 50%. The second day with a low glycemic index (breakfast). The highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h was 30%, (lunch). The highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h was 30%, (dinner). The highest percentage of not feeling hungry was 80%. Third day with a medium glycemic index (breakfast). The highest percentage of feeling hungry was after 3 h and 4 h, with a percentage of 30%, (lunch), the highest percentage of feeling hungry after 4 h, with a percentage of 30%, (dinner), the highest percentage of not feeling hungry by 70%, which increases body mass and weight continuously, and this leads to an increase in vulnerability to chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to preserve and be careful to eat meals with a low and medium glycemic index in the diets, with the addition of foods with a high glycemic index, without negligence or excess, and we look forward to increasing the research on the effect of the glycemic index of food on the speed of return of hunger while standardizing the quantity and type of food for all volunteers.
文摘The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction that dramatizes both realistic and fantastic portray of the world. Through depicting the intellectual and social development of protagonist Katniss who, after experiencing both defeats and triumphs in a dystopian world, Suzanne Collins successfully conveys the coming-of-age theme under the veil of science fiction in the Hunger Games trilogy.
文摘CHINA has been a big agricultural country since ancient times. The rise and fall of agriculture directly determined the country’s prosperity. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, in the face of frequent natural disasters and a growing population, the central government prioritized the food issue and took various measures to promote food production.“Let no Chinese go hungry” has been the dream of Yuan Longping, agricultural scientist and expert in hybrid rice. For 60 years he has conducted research in this field and successfully developed three varieties of hybrid rice, allowing the production to rise from 4,500 kg to more than 15,000 kg per hectare. Known as “the father of hybrid rice,” Yuan has made outstanding contributions to China’s food security and global food supply.
文摘In the book Daughter of hunger, the author depicted us the lives of city paupers in the 1960s of China, a generation that is born neither quiet nor peaceful, and a generation that is destined to suffer more in their teenage years. The word ＂hunger＂ has multiple implications, during her journey of searching for her father, we will see how Liuliu, the main character of the book, struggled with the infertility in both material and spiritual worlds, how she tried to embrace the erotic love to confirm her rather painfully real self-existence, and how life and destiny eventually lead her out of the ordinaries.
文摘Recently, with people＇s lives have been continuously improved, the purchasing power of consumers is increasing ）,ear by year and China＇s market is becoming more and more mature. In this case. consumers have more options for the purchase of mobile phones. Hunger Marketing model is now facing a severe test in the lnternet era. This paper will analyze and prove it from the perspective of customer satisfaction. As the representative of Hunger Marketing, Xiaomi is facing many other new rivals. If something should be done for keeping Xiaomi still among the best in the new era of mobile phone market, it should be enhancing brand value and product process, improving core competence and sincerity rather than Hunger Marketing model.
文摘In novel the Woman Warrior,"food" and "hunger" have indispensable symbolic meanings."Hunger" becomes a symbol of women's desire and the only way to get rid of the "hunger"is the "food"——women's self-reliance.
文摘In the hands of chef Bai Changji, tofu （soybean curd） alone can be turned out to be a banquet of more than 200 kinds of cuisine. Even the bean dregs after making tofu will be cooked into dishes.
文摘The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.
文摘Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i.e. during the few centuries before and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle and low latitude lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production. Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation, rather than escaping from war zones. The "wandering" of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind. Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people. Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but water management and agricultural researches to insure food supply for an everincreasing world population.
基金This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,China(2016YFD0100503 to L.J.)Ghent University Special Research Fund,Belgium(BOF-GOA18-042 to D.V.D.S.)+3 种基金Research Foundation Flanders,Belgium(3G012609 to D.V.D.S.)Ghent University Research Council,Belgium(BOF-PDOC to S.S.)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31870283 to L.J.)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(ZDRW202010 to C.Z).
文摘Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and minerals.They affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic losses.Biofortification of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating malnutrition.The challenge,however,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for humans.Here,we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing environment.We discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin biofortification.Finally,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0404000)the Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.2018BBF02009)Open Fund of Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety Control(Grant No.K16-507106-007)。
文摘In order to improve the light welfare of Nile tilapia in aquaculture,the influence of hunger level on light spectrum preference of Nile tilapia was explored in this study.The whole experiment was based on the emptying of the gastrointestinal contents,and carried out under the controlled laboratory conditions.The light spectrum preference was assessed by counting the head location of fish in each experimental tank,which containing seven compartments(i.e.,red,blue,white,yellow,black,green and public area).t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE)was adopted to visualize the hunger level-based dynamic preference on light spectrum in two-dimensional space.According to the clustering results,significant differences in light spectrum preferences of Nile tilapia,under the different hunger levels,were indicated.In addition,the average visit frequency in green compartment was significantly lower than that in other color compartments throughout the whole experiment,and the total visit frequency in red compartment was relatively higher during the whole experiment.
