Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative...Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome P450 1A （CYP1A）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. The methods were then used to detect the respective mRNA expression levels in liver tissue in wild crucian carp from the Hun River, North China. CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from stations $5, $6, and $8 （p 〈 0.05）. SOD mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in downstream areas relative to fish from upstream sites （p 〈 0.05）; GPx and CAT mRNA expression levels were also down-regulated at $9 （p 〈 0.05）. In contrast, GST mRNA expression showed no obvious change between fish collected from up- or downstream areas of the river. Finally, an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the integrated impact of pollutants in the Hun River and allow better comprehension of the real toxicological risk of these investigated sites.展开更多
应用大型底栖动物生物完整性指数(Benthic Index of Biological Integrity,B-IBI)评价河流健康已成为河流生态系统管理的重要方法。根据2010年5月对浑河流域62个采样点的底栖动物调查数据,基于采样点的水质等级、栖息地质量综合评估指...应用大型底栖动物生物完整性指数(Benthic Index of Biological Integrity,B-IBI)评价河流健康已成为河流生态系统管理的重要方法。根据2010年5月对浑河流域62个采样点的底栖动物调查数据,基于采样点的水质等级、栖息地质量综合评估指数、人类干扰强度和河岸土地利用评估等标准,选择同属于辽河水系的太子河流域的8个采样点作为参照点,构建浑河流域B-IBI生物完整性指数。通过对34个生物参数的分布范围检验、判别能力分析以及相关性检验,最终确定浑河流域B-IBI生物完整性指数由总分类单元数、EPT(蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera、襀翅目Plecoptera、毛翅目Trichoptera)相对丰度、耐污类群相对丰度、最优势类群分类单元数、直接收集者相对丰度以及香农威纳多样性指数6个参数构成。根据各参数值随干扰增强的变化趋势,采用比值法计算各指标的分值和评价标准。结果表明:浑河流域B-IBI平均得分为2.56,河流健康状态处于一般状态;62个采样点中,9个处于健康状态,13个处于亚健康状态、22个处于一般状态、10个处于差状态,8个处于极差状态;从流域空间尺度上来看,河流健康状态从上游区到下游区逐渐变差。相关性分析表明,B-IBI与水温、电导、溶解性固体总量、硝酸盐、总氮、五日生化需氧量等水环境指标呈现显著负相关,表明B-IBI指数对于水质污染具有较好的指示性作用。综上所述,浑河流域由于受城市工业区的分布影响,大型底栖动物生物完整性呈现出明显的空间分布差异,上游区河流生物完整性较好、中下游底栖动物群落呈现出明显的退化趋势。展开更多
基金supported by the Water Pollution Control and Management(No.2009ZX07528)
文摘Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome P450 1A （CYP1A）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. The methods were then used to detect the respective mRNA expression levels in liver tissue in wild crucian carp from the Hun River, North China. CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from stations $5, $6, and $8 （p 〈 0.05）. SOD mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in downstream areas relative to fish from upstream sites （p 〈 0.05）; GPx and CAT mRNA expression levels were also down-regulated at $9 （p 〈 0.05）. In contrast, GST mRNA expression showed no obvious change between fish collected from up- or downstream areas of the river. Finally, an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the integrated impact of pollutants in the Hun River and allow better comprehension of the real toxicological risk of these investigated sites.
文摘应用大型底栖动物生物完整性指数(Benthic Index of Biological Integrity,B-IBI)评价河流健康已成为河流生态系统管理的重要方法。根据2010年5月对浑河流域62个采样点的底栖动物调查数据,基于采样点的水质等级、栖息地质量综合评估指数、人类干扰强度和河岸土地利用评估等标准,选择同属于辽河水系的太子河流域的8个采样点作为参照点,构建浑河流域B-IBI生物完整性指数。通过对34个生物参数的分布范围检验、判别能力分析以及相关性检验,最终确定浑河流域B-IBI生物完整性指数由总分类单元数、EPT(蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera、襀翅目Plecoptera、毛翅目Trichoptera)相对丰度、耐污类群相对丰度、最优势类群分类单元数、直接收集者相对丰度以及香农威纳多样性指数6个参数构成。根据各参数值随干扰增强的变化趋势,采用比值法计算各指标的分值和评价标准。结果表明:浑河流域B-IBI平均得分为2.56,河流健康状态处于一般状态;62个采样点中,9个处于健康状态,13个处于亚健康状态、22个处于一般状态、10个处于差状态,8个处于极差状态;从流域空间尺度上来看,河流健康状态从上游区到下游区逐渐变差。相关性分析表明,B-IBI与水温、电导、溶解性固体总量、硝酸盐、总氮、五日生化需氧量等水环境指标呈现显著负相关,表明B-IBI指数对于水质污染具有较好的指示性作用。综上所述,浑河流域由于受城市工业区的分布影响,大型底栖动物生物完整性呈现出明显的空间分布差异,上游区河流生物完整性较好、中下游底栖动物群落呈现出明显的退化趋势。
