Objective:Weed pollens are common sources of allergens worldwide.The prevalence of weed pollen sensitization is not yet fully known in China.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sensitization...Objective:Weed pollens are common sources of allergens worldwide.The prevalence of weed pollen sensitization is not yet fully known in China.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sensitization to weed allergens from Artemisia,Ambrosia,and Humulus in northern China.Methods:A total of 1144 subjects(aged from 5 to 68 years) visiting our clinic from June to October 2011 underwent intradermal testing using a panel of 25 allergen sources.Subjects with positive skin responses to any pollen were further tested for their serum concentrations of IgE antibodies against Artemisia vulgaris,Ambrosia artemisiifolia,and Humulus scandens,and against the purified allergens,Art v 1 and Amb a 1.Results:Of 1144 subjects,170 had positive intradermal reactions to pollen and 144 donated serum for IgE testing.The prevalence of positive intradermal responses to pollens of Artemisia sieversiana,Artemisia annua,A.artemisiifolia,and H.scandens was 11.0%,10.2%,3.7%,and 6.6%,respectively.Among the intradermal positive subjects,the prevalence of specific IgE antigens to A.vulgaris was 58.3%,to A.artemisiifolia 14.7%,and to H.scandens 41.0%.The prevalence of specific IgE antigens to the allergen Art v 1 was 46.9%,and to Amb a 1 was 11.2%.The correlation between the presence of IgE antibodies specific to A.vulgaris and to the Art v 1 antigen was very high.Subjects with A.artemisiifolia specific IgE also had A.vulgaris specific IgE,but with relatively high levels of A.vulgaris IgE antibodies.There were no correlations between the presence of IgE antibodies to H.scandens and A.vulgaris or to H.scandens and A.artemisiifolia.Conclusions:The intradermal prevalence of weed pollen sensitization among allergic subjects in northern China is about 13.5%.Correlations of specific IgE antibodies suggest that pollen allergens from Artemisia and Humulus are independent sources for primary sensitization.展开更多
This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% a...This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa ＋ 50% HS, 100% HS, respectively. 30 rabbits [（1.42 ± 0.056） kg] were used to determine nutrient digestibility. A feeding trial was carried out using 90 weaning rabbits [35 d of age; （512±6.5） g]. Increasing content of HS in the diet did not affect digestibility of DM （dry matter）, CF （crude fiber）, CP （crude protein）, GE （gross energy）, and EE （ether extract）. But diarrhea decreased markedly （P〈0.01） compared with the diets that had no HS. ADF1 （average daily feed intake） increased by 4.3% （P 〈 0.05） and 3.6% （P 〈 0.05） when rabbits fed the diet with 100% HS of fresh forage compared with the diets containing 0 and 50% HS, respectively. Feed efficiency improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） by 2.07 and 5.30% when rabbits fed 0 and 50% HS of fresh forage, respectively, compared with 100% HS. There was no effect on ADG （average daily weight gain）. In conclusion, the mixture （50：50） of HS and alfalfa constitutes an alternative source of fiber for fattening rabbits and prevents diarrhea effectively.展开更多
Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The...Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The cell activity,intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects,and other related indicators and related signaling pathways were evaluated to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of Humulus japonicus extract.Results:Humulus japonicus extract exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in 6-OHDA-stimulated PC12 cells.It also reduced oxidative stress-induced ROS accumulation;upregulated antioxidant enzymes,such as glutathione,catalase,heme oxidase-1,and 8-oxguanine glycosylase 1;promoted cell survival by decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 expression via the MAPK and/or Nrf2 signaling pathways.Conclusions:Humulus japonicus extract has antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and could be developed as a promising candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
s: From hops of Humulus lupulus, a novel prenylchalcone was isolated, which showed inhibition against BGC-823 cells. The structure was elucidated as 5'-(2''-hydroxyisopropyl-)- dihydrofurano-[2', 3'...s: From hops of Humulus lupulus, a novel prenylchalcone was isolated, which showed inhibition against BGC-823 cells. The structure was elucidated as 5'-(2''-hydroxyisopropyl-)- dihydrofurano-[2', 3'-B]-4, 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone, by HRFABMS and NMR spectra.展开更多
This article mainly studied Humulus scandens’ ITS sequence, its system position and its divergent time. ITS is 624 bp with a GC percentage content of 57.21%. It only has the variation in 585 (C changes T), systematic...This article mainly studied Humulus scandens’ ITS sequence, its system position and its divergent time. ITS is 624 bp with a GC percentage content of 57.21%. It only has the variation in 585 (C changes T), systematic position in Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) and Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990), with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) has the near sibship. Humulus in Moraceae family system position between Cudrania tricuspidata and Artocarpeae, support the Cannabiodeae promotion for Cannabinaceae. The divergent time of Humulus is 70.88 mya in Moraceae, Humulus scandens and Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) is 12.78 mya, with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) is 1.10 mya. In the Moraceae branch’s molecular systematics research, the suitable choice is to choose Humulus scandens as Moraceae’s outgroup.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the protective effects of Humulus lupulus L.extract(HLE)on osteoporosis mice.Methods:In vivo experiment,a total of 3512-week-old female ICR mice were equally divided into 5 groups:...Objective:To systematically evaluate the protective effects of Humulus lupulus L.extract(HLE)on osteoporosis mice.Methods:In vivo experiment,a total of 3512-week-old female ICR mice were equally divided into 5 groups:the sham control group(sham);the ovariectomy with vehicle group(OVX);the OVX with estradiol valerate[EV,0.2 mg/(kg·d)];the OVX with low-or high-dose HLE groups[HLE,1 g/(kg·d)and 3 g/(kg·d)],7 in each group.Treatment began 1 week after the ovariectomized surgery and lasted for 12 weeks.Bone mass and trabecular bone mircoarchitecture were evaluated by micro computed tomography,and bone turnover markers in serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.In vitro experiment,osteoblasts and osteoclasts were treated with HLE at doses of 0,4,20 and 100μg/mL.Biomarkers for bone formation in osteoblasts and bone resorption in osteoclasts were analyzed.Results:Compared with the OVX group,HLE exerted bone protective effects by the increase of estradiol(P<0.05),the improvement of cancellous bone structure,bone mineral density(P<0.01)and the reduction of serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),bone gla-protein,c-terminal telopeptides of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-Ⅰ)and deoxypyridinoline levels(P<0.01 for all).In vitro experiment,compared with the control group,HLE at 20μg/mL promoted the cell proliferation(P<0.01),and increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteopontin levels in osteoblasts(both P<0.05).HLE at 100μg/mL increased the osteoblastic ALP activities,and HLE at all dose enhanced the extracellular matrix mineralization(both P<0.01).Furthermore,compared with the control group,HLE at 20μg/m L and 100μg/m L inhibited osteoclastic TRAP activity(P<0.01),and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cathepsin K(both P<0.05).Conclusion:HLE may protect against bone loss,and have potentials in the treatment of osteoporosis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the impact of Humulus Lupulus L.hydroalcoholic extract on the body weights,reproductive organs,sperm quality and hormone levels in male rats.Methods:By simple random sampling method,seventy ma...Objective:To investigate the impact of Humulus Lupulus L.hydroalcoholic extract on the body weights,reproductive organs,sperm quality and hormone levels in male rats.Methods:By simple random sampling method,seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups including control group[distilled water,1 mL/(kg·d)],Tween 80 group[25%Tween 80 solution,1 mL/(kg·d)],olive oil group[olive oil,1 mL/(kg·d)],diethyl stilbestrol(DES)group[DES,100μg/(kg·body weight)],H50,H150 and H450[50,150 and 400 mg/(kg·d)of Humulus Lupulus L extract,respectively].The administration was performed via gavage once daily for 7 weeks.Body and reproductive organs weights including testes,seminal vesicles,epididymis and prostate were weighted and epididymal sperm quality were determined by digital balance.Blood samples were collected and serum free testosterone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and estrogen(E2)levels were measured by rat specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The percentage increase in mean body weights of rats in the DES and H50,H150 and H450 groups decreased significantly compared to olive oil and Tween 80 groups(all P<0.05).The weights of seminal vesicle,epididymis and testes in rats receiving H50 were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The sperm count in the rats receiving H50 was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The sperm motile characteristics of the rats receiving hydroalcoholic extract and DES were significantly lower than those of the control or rats receiving vehicles(all P<0.05).In H50,H150,H450 and DES groups,T and LH levels were decreased,and E2 was significantly increased compared to the control(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The FSH level did not change in all groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Humulus Lupulus L.extract significantly increased the seminal vesicle and testes weights and reduced the sperm motility.展开更多
Total proteins in the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour,one of the most popular aeroallergens in China,were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in the current study.The proteins were extracted by Trichloracetic ...Total proteins in the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour,one of the most popular aeroallergens in China,were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in the current study.The proteins were extracted by Trichloracetic acid(TCA)method,and then separated by isoelectric focusing as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second dimension.The spots of proteins were visualized by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.After analysis with software(ImageMaster 2D),122 different proteins were detected;isoelectric point(pI),Molecular weight(MW)and relative volume of each protein in the pollen were also discovered.This is the first high-resolution,two-dimensional protein map of the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour in China.Our finding has built a solid foundation for identification,characteriza-tion,gene cloning and standardization of allergenic proteins in the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour for further studies.展开更多
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key component of beer brewing and a major by-product. The leftover, spent brewers’ yeast from large breweries has been used as a protein supplement in cattle;however the possible advanta...Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key component of beer brewing and a major by-product. The leftover, spent brewers’ yeast from large breweries has been used as a protein supplement in cattle;however the possible advantages of spent yeast from smaller craft breweries, containing much higher levels of bioactive hop acids, have not been evaluated. Hops secondary metabolites from the hops (Humulus lupulus L.) used to make beer are concentrated in the yeast during brewing, and have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Uncultivated suspensions of bovine rumen microorganisms produced less methane during fructose fermentation when exposed to inactivated, and freeze-dried spent craft brewers’ yeast than a bakers’ yeast control. The experiment was repeated with caprine rumen microorganisms and ground grass hay as the substrate. Likewise, in the presence of craft brewers’ yeast less methane was produced (2.7% vs. 6.9% CH<sub>4</sub>). Both experiments also revealed a decrease in acetic acid production, but not propionic acid production, when craft brewers’ yeast was included. These results indicated that spent yeast could represent a co-product for craft breweries, and a feed supplement for ruminants that has a favorable impact on methane production.展开更多
Bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop （Humulus lupulus） glandular trichomes. Branched short-chain acyI-CoAs （e.g. isobutyry...Bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop （Humulus lupulus） glandular trichomes. Branched short-chain acyI-CoAs （e.g. isobutyryI-CoA, isovaleryl- CoA and 2-methylbutyryI-CoA）, derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids （BCAAs）, are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. However, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool of branched short-chain acyI-CoAs in hop trichomes. Here, we present several lines of evidence that both CoA ligases and thioesterases are likely involved in bitter acid biosynthesis. Recombinant HICCL2 （carboxyl CoA ligase） protein had high specific activity for isovaleric acid as a substrate （Kcat/Km = 4100 s-~ M-l）, whereas recombinant HICCL4 specifically utilized isobutyric acid （Kcat/Km = 1800 s-1 M-1） and 2-methylbutyric acid （Kcat/ Km = 6900 s-1 M-~） as substrates. Both HICCLs, like hop valerophenone synthase （HIVPS）, were expressed strongly in glandular trichomes and localized to the cytoplasm. Co-expression of HICCL2 and HICCL4 with HIVPS in yeast led to significant production of acylphloroglucinols （the direct precursors for bitter acid biosynthesis）, which further confirmed the biochemical function of these two HICCLs in vivo. Functional identification of a thioesterase that catalyzed the reverse reaction of CCLs in mitochondria, together with the comprehensive analysis of genes involved BCAA catabolism, supported the idea that cytosolic CoA ligases are required for linking BCAA degradation and bitter acid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes. The evolution and other possible physiological roles of branched short-chain fatty acid：CoA ligases in planta are also discussed.展开更多
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for chemical profiling,also known as spectral fingerprinting,because of its inherent reproducibility.NMR is now increasing in use for authent...Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for chemical profiling,also known as spectral fingerprinting,because of its inherent reproducibility.NMR is now increasing in use for authentication of complex materials.Typically,the absorbance spectrum is used that is obtained as the phase-corrected real component of the Fourier transform(FT)of the free induction decay(FID).However,the practice discards half the information that is available in the dispersion spectrum obtained as the imaginary component from the FT.For qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis of small sets of absorbance peaks,the symmetric and sharp peaks of the real spectra work well.However,for pattern recognition of entire spectra,trading peak resolution for peak reproducibility is beneficial.The absolute value of the complex spectrum gives the length or magnitude of magnetization vector in the complex plane;therefore,the magnitude relates directly to the signal(i.e.,induced magnetization).The magnitude spectrum is obtained as the absolute value from the real and imaginary spectral components after the FT of the FID.By breaking with tradition and using the magnitude spectrum the reproducibility of the spectra and consequent recognition rates can be improved.This study used a 500-MHz 1H NMR instrument to obtain spectra from 4 diverse datasets;12 tea extracts,8 liquor samples,9 hops extracts,and 25 Cannabis extracts.Six classifiers were statistically evaluated using 100 bootstrapped Latin partitions.The classifiers were a fuzzy rule-building expert system(FuRES)tree,support vector machine trees(SVMTreeG and SVMTreeH),a regularized linear discriminant analysis(LDA),super partial least squares discriminant analysis(sPLS-DA),and a one against all support vector machine(SVM).All classifiers gave better or equivalent results for the magnitude spectral representation than for the real spectra,except for one case of the 24 evaluations.In addition,the enhanced reproducibility of the absolute value spectra is demonstrated by comparisons of the pooled within sample standard deviations.For pattern recognition of NMR spectra,the magnitude spectrum is advocated.展开更多
Operation conditions to recover and quantify active compounds from Perle Hallertau (PH) and Nuggets (N) hops, following a sequential combination of ultrasound and microwave assisted ethanolic extraction were studied. ...Operation conditions to recover and quantify active compounds from Perle Hallertau (PH) and Nuggets (N) hops, following a sequential combination of ultrasound and microwave assisted ethanolic extraction were studied. Ultrasound treatment (55℃, 60% ethanol, 30 minutes) allowed extracts with phenolic contents of 160.43 mg GAE/g extract and ABTS radical scavenging capacity equivalent to 400.24 mg Trolox/g extract for PH. Optimal conditions for N were found at 55℃, using 60% ethanol for 120 minutes (98.80 mg GAE/g extract) and 55℃, 40% ethanol for 180 min (370.00 mg Trolox/g extract). The remaining solids were further processed under ethanolic microwave extraction (130–190℃, 5 minutes) with the optimal results obtained at 190℃ for PH (77.11 and 98.67 mg GAE/g extract) and N (226.96 and 368.72 mg Trolox/g extract). Results obtained provided hops pellets as a rich source of active compounds that could be suitable for food and no food industry applications.展开更多
文摘Objective:Weed pollens are common sources of allergens worldwide.The prevalence of weed pollen sensitization is not yet fully known in China.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sensitization to weed allergens from Artemisia,Ambrosia,and Humulus in northern China.Methods:A total of 1144 subjects(aged from 5 to 68 years) visiting our clinic from June to October 2011 underwent intradermal testing using a panel of 25 allergen sources.Subjects with positive skin responses to any pollen were further tested for their serum concentrations of IgE antibodies against Artemisia vulgaris,Ambrosia artemisiifolia,and Humulus scandens,and against the purified allergens,Art v 1 and Amb a 1.Results:Of 1144 subjects,170 had positive intradermal reactions to pollen and 144 donated serum for IgE testing.The prevalence of positive intradermal responses to pollens of Artemisia sieversiana,Artemisia annua,A.artemisiifolia,and H.scandens was 11.0%,10.2%,3.7%,and 6.6%,respectively.Among the intradermal positive subjects,the prevalence of specific IgE antigens to A.vulgaris was 58.3%,to A.artemisiifolia 14.7%,and to H.scandens 41.0%.The prevalence of specific IgE antigens to the allergen Art v 1 was 46.9%,and to Amb a 1 was 11.2%.The correlation between the presence of IgE antibodies specific to A.vulgaris and to the Art v 1 antigen was very high.Subjects with A.artemisiifolia specific IgE also had A.vulgaris specific IgE,but with relatively high levels of A.vulgaris IgE antibodies.There were no correlations between the presence of IgE antibodies to H.scandens and A.vulgaris or to H.scandens and A.artemisiifolia.Conclusions:The intradermal prevalence of weed pollen sensitization among allergic subjects in northern China is about 13.5%.Correlations of specific IgE antibodies suggest that pollen allergens from Artemisia and Humulus are independent sources for primary sensitization.
基金Financial support was provided by Science and Technology Bureau of Shijiazhuang City,China (07150082A)China Commonweal Industry Scientific Research(Nyhyzx07040)
文摘This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa ＋ 50% HS, 100% HS, respectively. 30 rabbits [（1.42 ± 0.056） kg] were used to determine nutrient digestibility. A feeding trial was carried out using 90 weaning rabbits [35 d of age; （512±6.5） g]. Increasing content of HS in the diet did not affect digestibility of DM （dry matter）, CF （crude fiber）, CP （crude protein）, GE （gross energy）, and EE （ether extract）. But diarrhea decreased markedly （P〈0.01） compared with the diets that had no HS. ADF1 （average daily feed intake） increased by 4.3% （P 〈 0.05） and 3.6% （P 〈 0.05） when rabbits fed the diet with 100% HS of fresh forage compared with the diets containing 0 and 50% HS, respectively. Feed efficiency improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） by 2.07 and 5.30% when rabbits fed 0 and 50% HS of fresh forage, respectively, compared with 100% HS. There was no effect on ADG （average daily weight gain）. In conclusion, the mixture （50：50） of HS and alfalfa constitutes an alternative source of fiber for fattening rabbits and prevents diarrhea effectively.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise and Startups (MSS),Korea,under the Social Economy Innovation Growth Project (R&D)(Project number P0013037)
文摘Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The cell activity,intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects,and other related indicators and related signaling pathways were evaluated to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of Humulus japonicus extract.Results:Humulus japonicus extract exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in 6-OHDA-stimulated PC12 cells.It also reduced oxidative stress-induced ROS accumulation;upregulated antioxidant enzymes,such as glutathione,catalase,heme oxidase-1,and 8-oxguanine glycosylase 1;promoted cell survival by decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 expression via the MAPK and/or Nrf2 signaling pathways.Conclusions:Humulus japonicus extract has antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and could be developed as a promising candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘s: From hops of Humulus lupulus, a novel prenylchalcone was isolated, which showed inhibition against BGC-823 cells. The structure was elucidated as 5'-(2''-hydroxyisopropyl-)- dihydrofurano-[2', 3'-B]-4, 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone, by HRFABMS and NMR spectra.
文摘This article mainly studied Humulus scandens’ ITS sequence, its system position and its divergent time. ITS is 624 bp with a GC percentage content of 57.21%. It only has the variation in 585 (C changes T), systematic position in Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) and Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990), with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) has the near sibship. Humulus in Moraceae family system position between Cudrania tricuspidata and Artocarpeae, support the Cannabiodeae promotion for Cannabinaceae. The divergent time of Humulus is 70.88 mya in Moraceae, Humulus scandens and Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) is 12.78 mya, with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) is 1.10 mya. In the Moraceae branch’s molecular systematics research, the suitable choice is to choose Humulus scandens as Moraceae’s outgroup.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1603283)。
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the protective effects of Humulus lupulus L.extract(HLE)on osteoporosis mice.Methods:In vivo experiment,a total of 3512-week-old female ICR mice were equally divided into 5 groups:the sham control group(sham);the ovariectomy with vehicle group(OVX);the OVX with estradiol valerate[EV,0.2 mg/(kg·d)];the OVX with low-or high-dose HLE groups[HLE,1 g/(kg·d)and 3 g/(kg·d)],7 in each group.Treatment began 1 week after the ovariectomized surgery and lasted for 12 weeks.Bone mass and trabecular bone mircoarchitecture were evaluated by micro computed tomography,and bone turnover markers in serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.In vitro experiment,osteoblasts and osteoclasts were treated with HLE at doses of 0,4,20 and 100μg/mL.Biomarkers for bone formation in osteoblasts and bone resorption in osteoclasts were analyzed.Results:Compared with the OVX group,HLE exerted bone protective effects by the increase of estradiol(P<0.05),the improvement of cancellous bone structure,bone mineral density(P<0.01)and the reduction of serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),bone gla-protein,c-terminal telopeptides of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-Ⅰ)and deoxypyridinoline levels(P<0.01 for all).In vitro experiment,compared with the control group,HLE at 20μg/mL promoted the cell proliferation(P<0.01),and increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteopontin levels in osteoblasts(both P<0.05).HLE at 100μg/mL increased the osteoblastic ALP activities,and HLE at all dose enhanced the extracellular matrix mineralization(both P<0.01).Furthermore,compared with the control group,HLE at 20μg/m L and 100μg/m L inhibited osteoclastic TRAP activity(P<0.01),and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cathepsin K(both P<0.05).Conclusion:HLE may protect against bone loss,and have potentials in the treatment of osteoporosis.
基金Supported by the Research Affairs of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(No.3001)
文摘Objective:To investigate the impact of Humulus Lupulus L.hydroalcoholic extract on the body weights,reproductive organs,sperm quality and hormone levels in male rats.Methods:By simple random sampling method,seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups including control group[distilled water,1 mL/(kg·d)],Tween 80 group[25%Tween 80 solution,1 mL/(kg·d)],olive oil group[olive oil,1 mL/(kg·d)],diethyl stilbestrol(DES)group[DES,100μg/(kg·body weight)],H50,H150 and H450[50,150 and 400 mg/(kg·d)of Humulus Lupulus L extract,respectively].The administration was performed via gavage once daily for 7 weeks.Body and reproductive organs weights including testes,seminal vesicles,epididymis and prostate were weighted and epididymal sperm quality were determined by digital balance.Blood samples were collected and serum free testosterone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and estrogen(E2)levels were measured by rat specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The percentage increase in mean body weights of rats in the DES and H50,H150 and H450 groups decreased significantly compared to olive oil and Tween 80 groups(all P<0.05).The weights of seminal vesicle,epididymis and testes in rats receiving H50 were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The sperm count in the rats receiving H50 was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The sperm motile characteristics of the rats receiving hydroalcoholic extract and DES were significantly lower than those of the control or rats receiving vehicles(all P<0.05).In H50,H150,H450 and DES groups,T and LH levels were decreased,and E2 was significantly increased compared to the control(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The FSH level did not change in all groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Humulus Lupulus L.extract significantly increased the seminal vesicle and testes weights and reduced the sperm motility.
文摘Total proteins in the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour,one of the most popular aeroallergens in China,were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in the current study.The proteins were extracted by Trichloracetic acid(TCA)method,and then separated by isoelectric focusing as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second dimension.The spots of proteins were visualized by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.After analysis with software(ImageMaster 2D),122 different proteins were detected;isoelectric point(pI),Molecular weight(MW)and relative volume of each protein in the pollen were also discovered.This is the first high-resolution,two-dimensional protein map of the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour in China.Our finding has built a solid foundation for identification,characteriza-tion,gene cloning and standardization of allergenic proteins in the pollen of Humulus scandens Lour for further studies.
文摘Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key component of beer brewing and a major by-product. The leftover, spent brewers’ yeast from large breweries has been used as a protein supplement in cattle;however the possible advantages of spent yeast from smaller craft breweries, containing much higher levels of bioactive hop acids, have not been evaluated. Hops secondary metabolites from the hops (Humulus lupulus L.) used to make beer are concentrated in the yeast during brewing, and have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Uncultivated suspensions of bovine rumen microorganisms produced less methane during fructose fermentation when exposed to inactivated, and freeze-dried spent craft brewers’ yeast than a bakers’ yeast control. The experiment was repeated with caprine rumen microorganisms and ground grass hay as the substrate. Likewise, in the presence of craft brewers’ yeast less methane was produced (2.7% vs. 6.9% CH<sub>4</sub>). Both experiments also revealed a decrease in acetic acid production, but not propionic acid production, when craft brewers’ yeast was included. These results indicated that spent yeast could represent a co-product for craft breweries, and a feed supplement for ruminants that has a favorable impact on methane production.
基金the National Program on Key Basic Research Projects，the 'One hundred talents' project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China，the National Science Foundation，the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China
文摘Bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop （Humulus lupulus） glandular trichomes. Branched short-chain acyI-CoAs （e.g. isobutyryI-CoA, isovaleryl- CoA and 2-methylbutyryI-CoA）, derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids （BCAAs）, are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. However, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool of branched short-chain acyI-CoAs in hop trichomes. Here, we present several lines of evidence that both CoA ligases and thioesterases are likely involved in bitter acid biosynthesis. Recombinant HICCL2 （carboxyl CoA ligase） protein had high specific activity for isovaleric acid as a substrate （Kcat/Km = 4100 s-~ M-l）, whereas recombinant HICCL4 specifically utilized isobutyric acid （Kcat/Km = 1800 s-1 M-1） and 2-methylbutyric acid （Kcat/ Km = 6900 s-1 M-~） as substrates. Both HICCLs, like hop valerophenone synthase （HIVPS）, were expressed strongly in glandular trichomes and localized to the cytoplasm. Co-expression of HICCL2 and HICCL4 with HIVPS in yeast led to significant production of acylphloroglucinols （the direct precursors for bitter acid biosynthesis）, which further confirmed the biochemical function of these two HICCLs in vivo. Functional identification of a thioesterase that catalyzed the reverse reaction of CCLs in mitochondria, together with the comprehensive analysis of genes involved BCAA catabolism, supported the idea that cytosolic CoA ligases are required for linking BCAA degradation and bitter acid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes. The evolution and other possible physiological roles of branched short-chain fatty acid：CoA ligases in planta are also discussed.
文摘Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for chemical profiling,also known as spectral fingerprinting,because of its inherent reproducibility.NMR is now increasing in use for authentication of complex materials.Typically,the absorbance spectrum is used that is obtained as the phase-corrected real component of the Fourier transform(FT)of the free induction decay(FID).However,the practice discards half the information that is available in the dispersion spectrum obtained as the imaginary component from the FT.For qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis of small sets of absorbance peaks,the symmetric and sharp peaks of the real spectra work well.However,for pattern recognition of entire spectra,trading peak resolution for peak reproducibility is beneficial.The absolute value of the complex spectrum gives the length or magnitude of magnetization vector in the complex plane;therefore,the magnitude relates directly to the signal(i.e.,induced magnetization).The magnitude spectrum is obtained as the absolute value from the real and imaginary spectral components after the FT of the FID.By breaking with tradition and using the magnitude spectrum the reproducibility of the spectra and consequent recognition rates can be improved.This study used a 500-MHz 1H NMR instrument to obtain spectra from 4 diverse datasets;12 tea extracts,8 liquor samples,9 hops extracts,and 25 Cannabis extracts.Six classifiers were statistically evaluated using 100 bootstrapped Latin partitions.The classifiers were a fuzzy rule-building expert system(FuRES)tree,support vector machine trees(SVMTreeG and SVMTreeH),a regularized linear discriminant analysis(LDA),super partial least squares discriminant analysis(sPLS-DA),and a one against all support vector machine(SVM).All classifiers gave better or equivalent results for the magnitude spectral representation than for the real spectra,except for one case of the 24 evaluations.In addition,the enhanced reproducibility of the absolute value spectra is demonstrated by comparisons of the pooled within sample standard deviations.For pattern recognition of NMR spectra,the magnitude spectrum is advocated.
基金Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities for her postdoctoral grant(RYC 2018-024454-I).
文摘Operation conditions to recover and quantify active compounds from Perle Hallertau (PH) and Nuggets (N) hops, following a sequential combination of ultrasound and microwave assisted ethanolic extraction were studied. Ultrasound treatment (55℃, 60% ethanol, 30 minutes) allowed extracts with phenolic contents of 160.43 mg GAE/g extract and ABTS radical scavenging capacity equivalent to 400.24 mg Trolox/g extract for PH. Optimal conditions for N were found at 55℃, using 60% ethanol for 120 minutes (98.80 mg GAE/g extract) and 55℃, 40% ethanol for 180 min (370.00 mg Trolox/g extract). The remaining solids were further processed under ethanolic microwave extraction (130–190℃, 5 minutes) with the optimal results obtained at 190℃ for PH (77.11 and 98.67 mg GAE/g extract) and N (226.96 and 368.72 mg Trolox/g extract). Results obtained provided hops pellets as a rich source of active compounds that could be suitable for food and no food industry applications.
