[Objective] The satisfaction degree of agricultural water demand was analyzed to provide climate basis for the agricultural structure adjustment and good harvest.[Method] By using integral humidity index and climatic ...[Objective] The satisfaction degree of agricultural water demand was analyzed to provide climate basis for the agricultural structure adjustment and good harvest.[Method] By using integral humidity index and climatic tendency rate,the satisfaction degree of water demand of crops and its trend variation were studied.[Result] The precipitation in the growing season of crops showed decrease trend in western Liaoning,and the climatic tendency rate was-8.660--18.560 mm/10 a,with the precipitation decrease of 43-93 mm in recent 50 years.The satisfaction degree of agricultural water demand was up to 72%-88% in average,and over 80% satisfaction degree accounted for 30%-60%,while water shortage probability reached 68%-90%.The satisfaction degree of Chaoyang,Lingyuan and Beipiao was the lowest,while that of Jianchang and Jiangping was relative higher.The satisfaction degree of gross agriculture water demand went down with the time,and climate tendency rate was up to-2.490%--3.863%/10 a,with the decrease of 12%-19% in recent 50 years.[Conclusion] With the reduction of precipitation,the satisfaction degree of water demand of crops went down,and the climate in western Liaoning became more and more dry.展开更多
Based on data from 210 meteorological stations in Northeast China and survey on zonal climax vegetation, the Kira's warmth index (W l), coldness index (C l), and Xu Wenduo's humidity index (H l) were adopted t...Based on data from 210 meteorological stations in Northeast China and survey on zonal climax vegetation, the Kira's warmth index (W l), coldness index (C l), and Xu Wenduo's humidity index (H l) were adopted to simulate and predict the dynamics of the vegetation eco-boundary under climate warming in Northeast China. The future vegetation eco-boundary alteration types of zonal climax vegetation could be divided into three types, such as extended vegetation eco-boundary species (W l value range for 45–95°C · month) which would move northwards under climate warming, retreated vegetation eco-boundary species (W l value range for 25–65°C · month) which would retreat from the present localities, and extinct population species (W l value range for 5–35°C · month) which would be extinguished because the ecosystems they depend on disappeared. In Northeast China, there were differences for 15° latitudinal and 2600 m altitudinal. Based on our research results, the edificators would move northwards about 400–700 km, steppe vegetation would move eastwords 900 km, and the populations would move upwards about 260–360 m in mountains if the global temperature increases 2°C in the future. However, the moving distance would become shorter and shorter as the latitude and altitude increased. Therefore, the populations in alpine tundra zone at Daxing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountain might disappear. The results were expected to supply reference to local government when they set down strategies to respond to climate change in the future.展开更多
Objective:To measure the seasonal effect on endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural profiles during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Methods:Ten adult ...Objective:To measure the seasonal effect on endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural profiles during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Methods:Ten adult male Andaman local goats were selected from the goat breeding farm,ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute,Port Blair,Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone,thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),cortisol and prolactin were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Sex behavioural profiles such as libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were measured during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat.Results:Endocrinological profiles as well as sex behavioural profiles differed significantly between rainy season and dry summer season(P<0.05).The levels of FSH,LH,testosterone,TSH,T3,and T4 were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season whereas cortisol and prolactin were significantly higher in dry summer season than in rainy season(P<0.05).The ratio of T3:T4 was significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season.Similarly,libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season(P<0.05).Conclusions:Rainy season has significantly higher beneficial effects than summer season on reproduction and artificial breeding programmes in semi-intensive management of goat under the tropical humid island ecosystem in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.展开更多
Precipitation and temperature are the most abiotic factors that greatly impact the yield of crop,particularly in dryland.Barley,as the main cereal is predominantly cultivated in dryland and the livelihood of smallhold...Precipitation and temperature are the most abiotic factors that greatly impact the yield of crop,particularly in dryland.Barley,as the main cereal is predominantly cultivated in dryland and the livelihood of smallholders depends on the production of this crop,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study aimed to investigate the response of the grain yield of dryland barley to temperature and precipitation variations at annual,seasonal and monthly scales in seven counties of East and West Azerbaijan provinces in northwestern Iran during 1991-2010.Humidity index(HI)was calculated and its relationship with dryland barley yield was evaluated at annual and monthly scales.The results showed that the minimum,maximum and mean temperatures increased by 0.19℃/a,0.11℃/a and 0.10℃/a,respectively,while annual precipitation decreased by 0.80 mm/a during 1991-2010.Climate in study area has become drier by 0.22/a in annual HI during the study period.Negative effects of increasing temperature on the grain yield of dryland barley were more severe than the positive effects of increasing precipitation.Besides,weather variations in April and May were related more to the grain yield of dryland barley than those in other months.The grain yield of dryland barley was more drastically affected by the variation of annual minimum temperature comparing with other weather variables.Furthermore,our findings illustrated that the grain yield of dryland barley increased by 0.01 t/hm^(2) for each unit increase in annual HI during 1991-2010.Finally,any increase in the monthly HI led to crop yield improvement in the study area,particularly in the drier counties,i.e.,Myaneh,Tabriz and Khoy in Iran.展开更多
Based on the climate observation data of Kangding City in recent 60 years,the changing trends of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index in Kangding City are analyzed.The results show that the annual ...Based on the climate observation data of Kangding City in recent 60 years,the changing trends of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index in Kangding City are analyzed.The results show that the annual average temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index of Kangding in recent 60 years showed an upward trend,which is consistent with global warming climate.Temperature and humidity index tended to change from the cold grade to the relatively cold and cool grades,and wind efficiency index changed from the slightly cold wind grade to the cool wind grade.Seen from temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index,the climate was comfortable and relatively comfortable from May to September,which will become an important climatic reference to attract tourists.展开更多
The influence of daytime tropical heat stress in the summer was studied in Holstein and Jersey heifers already acclimatized to tropical environments to determine their physiological response based on body thermal patt...The influence of daytime tropical heat stress in the summer was studied in Holstein and Jersey heifers already acclimatized to tropical environments to determine their physiological response based on body thermal patterns and respiratory alterations according to psychrometric caloric indicators. Daytime psychrometric elements showed a tropical caloric potential for developing moderate to severe heat stress in dairy cattle. Body temperature and respiratory rate increased in both breeds open and pregnant (P < 0.01). Thermal body overload and respiratory works increased from 09 am to 12 md (P < 0.001);reaching and sustaining hyperthermia under the highest caloric pressure from 12 md to 03 pm. Rectal temperature increased +1.5˚C in open Holstein (OH), +1.3˚C in pregnant Holstein (PH), +0.8˚C in open jersey (OJ) and +0.8˚C in pregnant Jersey (PJ). The lowest heat stress index (HSI) was at 06 am, where OH and PH showed a HIS +2.25 and +2.30 and OJ and PJ +2.34 and +2.38. Maximum heat stress occurred at 12 md where OH averaged +3.28 and Pregnant Holsteins showed +3.85 at 03 pm. Open Jersey (OJ) showed a maximum HSI at 12 md (3.54) and PJ resulted in +3.89 at 03 pm. Open and pregnant Jersey heifers were more tolerant to heat stress based on lower body mass, insulation, feed consumption and greater relation between body surface and metabolic body size for thermolysis. Acclimatization between five and twenty-five months under tropical heat stress allowed Holstein and Jersey heifers to develop thermal tolerance. Middle thermal acclimatization lowered thermal sensitivity, hyperthermia and hyperpnea in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the morning;however, pregnant heifers in both breeds showed higher thermal alteration in the afternoon. Tropical acclimatization at low altitudes could be integrated with environmental improvements and nutritional and health management to reduce influences of severe heat stress and improve physiological comfort and welfare in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the summer. Those combined strategies will reduce daytime thermal and respiratory responses and allow growth, pregnancy and health with lower body heat overload and less hyperthermia.展开更多
Using monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature, a surface humid index was proposed. According to the index, the distributed characteristics of extreme dryness has been fully analyzed. The results indicated t...Using monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature, a surface humid index was proposed. According to the index, the distributed characteristics of extreme dryness has been fully analyzed. The results indicated that there is an obvious increasing trend of extreme dryness in the central part of northern China and northeastern China in the last 10 years, which shows a high frequency period of extreme dryness; while a low frequency period in the regions during the last 100 years. Compared with variation trend of the temperature in these regions, the region of high frequent extreme dryness is consistent with the warming trend in the same region.展开更多
The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined env...The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.展开更多
This study utilizes meteorological station data from Mile City(1991-2020)to analyze the effects of temperature,humidity,and wind efficiency index on human thermal perception and heat dissipation.The results demonstrat...This study utilizes meteorological station data from Mile City(1991-2020)to analyze the effects of temperature,humidity,and wind efficiency index on human thermal perception and heat dissipation.The results demonstrate that Mile City offers year-round travel suitability with excellent climatic resources.April and October are particularly ideal for tourism due to synergistic interactions between temperature-humidity conditions and wind efficiency.January,February,March,May,and September also prove suitable for travel,as wind efficiency during winter months enhances comfort perception while transitional seasons optimize tourism experiences through coordinated temperature-humidity-WEI adjustments.Notably,March shows only a 1.3-point difference in wind efficiency index compared to the optimal travel month.For travelers planning June-August visits,light summer retreats are recommended as high temperatures and humidity may cause discomfort,though this remains within acceptable thresholds.The temporal distribution analysis of Mile City’s tourism climate comfort provides valuable insights for travel planning and supports sustainable development of the local tourism industry.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The satisfaction degree of agricultural water demand was analyzed to provide climate basis for the agricultural structure adjustment and good harvest.[Method] By using integral humidity index and climatic tendency rate,the satisfaction degree of water demand of crops and its trend variation were studied.[Result] The precipitation in the growing season of crops showed decrease trend in western Liaoning,and the climatic tendency rate was-8.660--18.560 mm/10 a,with the precipitation decrease of 43-93 mm in recent 50 years.The satisfaction degree of agricultural water demand was up to 72%-88% in average,and over 80% satisfaction degree accounted for 30%-60%,while water shortage probability reached 68%-90%.The satisfaction degree of Chaoyang,Lingyuan and Beipiao was the lowest,while that of Jianchang and Jiangping was relative higher.The satisfaction degree of gross agriculture water demand went down with the time,and climate tendency rate was up to-2.490%--3.863%/10 a,with the decrease of 12%-19% in recent 50 years.[Conclusion] With the reduction of precipitation,the satisfaction degree of water demand of crops went down,and the climate in western Liaoning became more and more dry.
基金Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of China!(No. 39900019).
文摘Based on data from 210 meteorological stations in Northeast China and survey on zonal climax vegetation, the Kira's warmth index (W l), coldness index (C l), and Xu Wenduo's humidity index (H l) were adopted to simulate and predict the dynamics of the vegetation eco-boundary under climate warming in Northeast China. The future vegetation eco-boundary alteration types of zonal climax vegetation could be divided into three types, such as extended vegetation eco-boundary species (W l value range for 45–95°C · month) which would move northwards under climate warming, retreated vegetation eco-boundary species (W l value range for 25–65°C · month) which would retreat from the present localities, and extinct population species (W l value range for 5–35°C · month) which would be extinguished because the ecosystems they depend on disappeared. In Northeast China, there were differences for 15° latitudinal and 2600 m altitudinal. Based on our research results, the edificators would move northwards about 400–700 km, steppe vegetation would move eastwords 900 km, and the populations would move upwards about 260–360 m in mountains if the global temperature increases 2°C in the future. However, the moving distance would become shorter and shorter as the latitude and altitude increased. Therefore, the populations in alpine tundra zone at Daxing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountain might disappear. The results were expected to supply reference to local government when they set down strategies to respond to climate change in the future.
基金This research was funded by a Grant from All India Coordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement(ICAR-AICRP on Goat Improvement),Indian Council of Agricultural Research,New Delhi,India with Grant number AICRP-Goat Improvement/ICAR-CIARI.
文摘Objective:To measure the seasonal effect on endocrinological profiles and sex behavioural profiles during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Methods:Ten adult male Andaman local goats were selected from the goat breeding farm,ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute,Port Blair,Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India.Endocrinological profiles such as follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone,thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),cortisol and prolactin were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Sex behavioural profiles such as libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were measured during rainy and dry summer seasons in male Andaman local goat.Results:Endocrinological profiles as well as sex behavioural profiles differed significantly between rainy season and dry summer season(P<0.05).The levels of FSH,LH,testosterone,TSH,T3,and T4 were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season whereas cortisol and prolactin were significantly higher in dry summer season than in rainy season(P<0.05).The ratio of T3:T4 was significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season.Similarly,libido score,mating ability score and sex behavioural score were significantly higher in rainy season than in dry summer season(P<0.05).Conclusions:Rainy season has significantly higher beneficial effects than summer season on reproduction and artificial breeding programmes in semi-intensive management of goat under the tropical humid island ecosystem in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
文摘Precipitation and temperature are the most abiotic factors that greatly impact the yield of crop,particularly in dryland.Barley,as the main cereal is predominantly cultivated in dryland and the livelihood of smallholders depends on the production of this crop,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study aimed to investigate the response of the grain yield of dryland barley to temperature and precipitation variations at annual,seasonal and monthly scales in seven counties of East and West Azerbaijan provinces in northwestern Iran during 1991-2010.Humidity index(HI)was calculated and its relationship with dryland barley yield was evaluated at annual and monthly scales.The results showed that the minimum,maximum and mean temperatures increased by 0.19℃/a,0.11℃/a and 0.10℃/a,respectively,while annual precipitation decreased by 0.80 mm/a during 1991-2010.Climate in study area has become drier by 0.22/a in annual HI during the study period.Negative effects of increasing temperature on the grain yield of dryland barley were more severe than the positive effects of increasing precipitation.Besides,weather variations in April and May were related more to the grain yield of dryland barley than those in other months.The grain yield of dryland barley was more drastically affected by the variation of annual minimum temperature comparing with other weather variables.Furthermore,our findings illustrated that the grain yield of dryland barley increased by 0.01 t/hm^(2) for each unit increase in annual HI during 1991-2010.Finally,any increase in the monthly HI led to crop yield improvement in the study area,particularly in the drier counties,i.e.,Myaneh,Tabriz and Khoy in Iran.
基金Supported by the Project of Education Department of Sichuan Province,China(16ZB0365)Project of Sichuan Minzu College(XYZB18041SB).
文摘Based on the climate observation data of Kangding City in recent 60 years,the changing trends of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index in Kangding City are analyzed.The results show that the annual average temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index of Kangding in recent 60 years showed an upward trend,which is consistent with global warming climate.Temperature and humidity index tended to change from the cold grade to the relatively cold and cool grades,and wind efficiency index changed from the slightly cold wind grade to the cool wind grade.Seen from temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index,the climate was comfortable and relatively comfortable from May to September,which will become an important climatic reference to attract tourists.
文摘The influence of daytime tropical heat stress in the summer was studied in Holstein and Jersey heifers already acclimatized to tropical environments to determine their physiological response based on body thermal patterns and respiratory alterations according to psychrometric caloric indicators. Daytime psychrometric elements showed a tropical caloric potential for developing moderate to severe heat stress in dairy cattle. Body temperature and respiratory rate increased in both breeds open and pregnant (P < 0.01). Thermal body overload and respiratory works increased from 09 am to 12 md (P < 0.001);reaching and sustaining hyperthermia under the highest caloric pressure from 12 md to 03 pm. Rectal temperature increased +1.5˚C in open Holstein (OH), +1.3˚C in pregnant Holstein (PH), +0.8˚C in open jersey (OJ) and +0.8˚C in pregnant Jersey (PJ). The lowest heat stress index (HSI) was at 06 am, where OH and PH showed a HIS +2.25 and +2.30 and OJ and PJ +2.34 and +2.38. Maximum heat stress occurred at 12 md where OH averaged +3.28 and Pregnant Holsteins showed +3.85 at 03 pm. Open Jersey (OJ) showed a maximum HSI at 12 md (3.54) and PJ resulted in +3.89 at 03 pm. Open and pregnant Jersey heifers were more tolerant to heat stress based on lower body mass, insulation, feed consumption and greater relation between body surface and metabolic body size for thermolysis. Acclimatization between five and twenty-five months under tropical heat stress allowed Holstein and Jersey heifers to develop thermal tolerance. Middle thermal acclimatization lowered thermal sensitivity, hyperthermia and hyperpnea in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the morning;however, pregnant heifers in both breeds showed higher thermal alteration in the afternoon. Tropical acclimatization at low altitudes could be integrated with environmental improvements and nutritional and health management to reduce influences of severe heat stress and improve physiological comfort and welfare in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the summer. Those combined strategies will reduce daytime thermal and respiratory responses and allow growth, pregnancy and health with lower body heat overload and less hyperthermia.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of China No.G1999043400+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40375028
文摘Using monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature, a surface humid index was proposed. According to the index, the distributed characteristics of extreme dryness has been fully analyzed. The results indicated that there is an obvious increasing trend of extreme dryness in the central part of northern China and northeastern China in the last 10 years, which shows a high frequency period of extreme dryness; while a low frequency period in the regions during the last 100 years. Compared with variation trend of the temperature in these regions, the region of high frequent extreme dryness is consistent with the warming trend in the same region.
基金funded by ‘‘a group of four’’ Safety Science and Technology Project of State Production Safety Supervision Administration of China (No. 20130801)
文摘The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Yunnan Province,with the project title“Analysis of Tourism Development and Tourism Climate Resources in Mile City,Yunnan Province”.
文摘This study utilizes meteorological station data from Mile City(1991-2020)to analyze the effects of temperature,humidity,and wind efficiency index on human thermal perception and heat dissipation.The results demonstrate that Mile City offers year-round travel suitability with excellent climatic resources.April and October are particularly ideal for tourism due to synergistic interactions between temperature-humidity conditions and wind efficiency.January,February,March,May,and September also prove suitable for travel,as wind efficiency during winter months enhances comfort perception while transitional seasons optimize tourism experiences through coordinated temperature-humidity-WEI adjustments.Notably,March shows only a 1.3-point difference in wind efficiency index compared to the optimal travel month.For travelers planning June-August visits,light summer retreats are recommended as high temperatures and humidity may cause discomfort,though this remains within acceptable thresholds.The temporal distribution analysis of Mile City’s tourism climate comfort provides valuable insights for travel planning and supports sustainable development of the local tourism industry.
