Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudst...Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.展开更多
Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefor...Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefore,this paper analyzes the spatial interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban networks in China from 2019 to 2023,drawing on Baidu migration data and employing a spatial simultaneous equation model.The results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation between cities with higher hierarchy and those with greater network centrality.Within a static framework,we identify a positive interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban network centrality,while their spatial cross-effects manifest as negative neighborhood interactions based on geographical distance and positive cross-scale interactions shaped by network connections.Within a dynamic framework,changes in urban scale hierarchy and urban networks are mutually reinforcing,thereby widening disparities within the urban hierarchy.Furthermore,an increase in a city’s network centrality had a dampening effect on the population growth of neighboring cities and network-connected cities.This study enhances understanding of the spatial organisation of urban systems and offers insights for coordinated regional development.展开更多
Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results ca...Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.展开更多
The complex behaviors of expansive soils,particularly their volumetric changes driven by moisture variations,pose significant challenges in urban geotechnical engineering.Although vegetation-induced moisture changes a...The complex behaviors of expansive soils,particularly their volumetric changes driven by moisture variations,pose significant challenges in urban geotechnical engineering.Although vegetation-induced moisture changes are known to affect ground movement,quantitative characterization of tree–soil interactions remains limited due to insufficient field data and unclear relationships between tree water uptake and soil response.This study investigates the mechanical behavior of expansive clay soils influenced by two Lophostemon confertus samples during a 14-month field monitoring program in Melbourne,Australia.The research methodology integrates measurements of soil displacement,total soil suction,moisture content,and tree water consumption through instrumentation and monitoring systems.Field measurements suggest that tree roots reached the limits of their water extraction capacity when total soil suction exceeded 2880 kPa within the active root zone.The spatial extent of tree-induced soil desiccation reached 0.6–0.7 times the tree height laterally and penetrated to depths of 2.5–3.3 m vertically.The mature sample,with an 86%greater crown area and a threefold larger sapwood area,exhibited 142%higher water consumption(35 kL),demonstrating the scalability of tree–soil interaction mechanisms.A multiple linear regression model was developed to quantify the coupled relationships between soil movement and key variables,achieving a high adjusted R2 value of 0.97,which provides engineers and practitioners with a practical tool for estimating ground movement near trees.These findings offer valuable insights for infrastructure design in tree-adjacent environments and can inform computational models and design codes to enable more accurate site assessments and sustainable urban development.展开更多
Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model...Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model based on the Congyou platform.Through the building block curriculum system,the HarmonyOS technology stack is decoupled into dynamic capability units,and a multi-disciplinary cross-case library is jointly built with Huawei,which significantly improves the synchronization of teaching content and industrial technology.This paper innovatively designs an AI collaborative teaching system,which employs knowledge graphs to plan learning paths,utilizes virtual equipment clusters to simulate development environments,and establishes a“diagnosis-feedback-enhancement”closed loop through AI-based review,thereby effectively improving students’development efficiency and code reuse rate.A three-dimensional evaluation model integrating task outcomes,process performance,and innovation is constructed,incorporating indicators such as code standardization and an innovation index to strengthen the cultivation of engineering thinking and innovative ability.Furthermore,a data-driven support platform is built to generate student competency profiles,open up the“credit-competency-certification”pathway,promote the transformation of course achievements into contributions to the Huawei ecosystem,and significantly shorten the job adaptation cycle for graduates.The research results provide a replicable paradigm for the cultivation of domestic operating system talents.展开更多
A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and...A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and development of the NMI model and then emphasize that the NMI model represents a new tool for identifying the basic physics of how climate change influences mid-to-high latitude weather extremes.The building of the NMI model took place over three main periods.In the 1990s,a nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation model was presented to describe atmospheric blocking as a wave packet;however,it could not depict the lifetime(10-20 days)of atmospheric blocking.In the 2000s,we proposed an NMI model of atmospheric blocking in a uniform basic flow by making a scale-separation assumption and deriving an eddyforced NLS equation.This model succeeded in describing the life cycle of atmospheric blocking.In the 2020s,the NMI model was extended to include the impact of a changing climate mainly by altering the basic zonal winds and the magnitude of the meridional background potential vorticity gradient(PVy).Model results show that when PVy is smaller,blocking has a weaker dispersion and a stronger nonlinearity,so blocking can be more persistent and have a larger zonal scale and weaker eastward movement,thus favoring stronger weather extremes.However,when PVy is much smaller and below a critical threshold under much stronger winter Arctic warming of global warming,atmospheric blocking becomes locally less persistent and shows a much stronger westward movement,which acts to inhibit local cold extremes.Such a case does not happen in summer under global warming because PVy fails to fall below the critical threshold.Thus,our theory indicates that global warming can render summer-blocking anticyclones and mid-to-high latitude heatwaves more persistent,intense,and widespread.展开更多
Electromyography(EMG)has already been broadly used in human-machine interaction(HMI)applications.Determining how to decode the information inside EMG signals robustly and accurately is a key problem for which we urgen...Electromyography(EMG)has already been broadly used in human-machine interaction(HMI)applications.Determining how to decode the information inside EMG signals robustly and accurately is a key problem for which we urgently need a solution.Recently,many EMG pattern recognition tasks have been addressed using deep learning methods.In this paper,we analyze recent papers and present a literature review describing the role that deep learning plays in EMG-based HMI.An overview of typical network structures and processing schemes will be provided.Recent progress in typical tasks such as movement classification,joint angle prediction,and force/torque estimation will be introduced.New issues,including multimodal sensing,inter-subject/inter-session,and robustness toward disturbances will be discussed.We attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of current research by discussing the advantages,challenges,and opportunities brought by deep learning.We hope that deep learning can aid in eliminating factors that hinder the development of EMG-based HMI systems.Furthermore,possible future directions will be presented to pave the way for future research.展开更多
This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interaction...This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interactions.Within the context of large models,AIx is characterized by its innovative interaction patterns and a plethora of application scenarios that hold great potential.The paper highlights the pivotal role of AIx in shaping the future landscape of the large model industry,emphasizing its adoption and necessity from a user's perspective.This study underscores the pivotal role of AIx in dictating the future trajectory of a large model industry by emphasizing the importance of its adoption and necessity from a user-centric perspective.The fundamental drivers of AIx include the introduction of novel capabilities,replication of capabilities(both anthropomorphic and superhuman),migration of capabilities,aggregation of intelligence,and multiplication of capabilities.These elements are essential for propelling innovation,expanding the frontiers of capability,and realizing the exponential superposition of capabilities,thereby mitigating labor redundancy and addressing a spectrum of human needs.Furthermore,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the structural components and operational mechanisms of agents supported by large models.Such advancements significantly enhance the capacity of agents to tackle complex problems and provide intelligent services,thereby facilitating a more intuitive,adaptive,and personalized engagement between humans and machines.The study further delineates four principal categories of interaction patterns that encompass eight distinct modalities of interaction,corresponding to twenty-one specific scenarios,including applications in smart home systems,health assistance,and elderly care.This emphasizes the significance of this new paradigm in advancing HCI,fostering technological advancements,and redefining user experiences.However,it also acknowledges the challenges and ethical considerations that accompany this paradigm shift,recognizing the need for a balanced approach to harness the full potential of AIx in modern society.展开更多
The study of virus-host interactions has been significantly advanced using model organisms,with nematodes being a prominent example.Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)nematodes have provided valuable insights into the m...The study of virus-host interactions has been significantly advanced using model organisms,with nematodes being a prominent example.Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)nematodes have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of viral infections,host defense strategies,and the development of antiviral therapies.With the discovery of natural viral pathogens of nematodes,Orsay virus,Le Blanc virus,Santeuil virus,and Mělník virus,the exploration of the virus-host interaction model based on nematodes has entered a new era.The virus-host interaction network consists of viruses,hosts,and the antagonistic effects of viruses on host immunity.The nematode virus-host interaction model is a concrete manifestation used to study the complex relationships among these three elements.Previous studies have indicated that during the entire process of nematode infection by viruses,antiviral RNA interference(RNAi)plays a crucial role.Additionally,the host’s innate immune responses,such as the antiviral-specific intracellular pathogen response(IPR)and certain signaling pathways homologous to those in humans,are particularly important in the natural immune and antiviral processes of nematodes.These processes are regulated by multiple genes in the host.The reverse genetics system for Orsay virus has been successfully developed to study viral gene function and virus-host interactions.Nematodes serve as simple host models for understanding RNA virus replication,related cellular components,and virus-host interaction mechanisms.These findings will likely contribute to the development of antiviral treatment strategies based on novel targets.展开更多
Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been develop...Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been developed over time to guide practice,incorporating fundamental concepts of therapeutic encounters;nevertheless,the majority are not designed for application in both inpatient and outpatient settings.The SAIDAR communication model is suggested to address this disparity.This review integrates elements of an integrative review with a critical review perspective to provide a narrative synthesis of theoretical and applied communication models derived from seminal works in the field of health communication.Using the CINAHL,Scopus,and Web of Science databases without date restrictions,the selected seminal authors were retrieved.Elicit,an artificial intelligence-driven research assistant,and the Google Scholar search engine were utilized together,and citation chaining facilitated the retrieval of relevant studies,which were analyzed using inductive dominant thematic analysis.Thirteen studies beneficial to the review question were included,and six themes were generated.These themes were salutation,assessing the environment,informing and explaining the task,doing,demonstrating,and performing the task;applauding,correcting,and appreciating,and reinforcing knowledge of the receiver of care.The critical analysis of these themes culminated in the formulation of the SAIDAR communication model.The current model integrates a structured communication framework that acknowledges the individuality of man and environmental assessment and demonstrates,appreciates,and reinforces knowledge.This model is an adaptable and acontextual communication tool suitable for various healthcare environments.展开更多
Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriousl...Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriously hinder its development.Herein,we report a robust route to a liquid metal(LM)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel-based TENG(LP-TENG).Owing to the intrinsically liquid feature of conductive LM within the flexible PVA hydrogel,the as-prepared LP-TENG exhibited comprehensiye advantages of adaptability,biocompatibility,outstanding electrical performance,superior stability,recyclability and diverse applications,which were unattainable by traditional systems.Concretely,the LP-TENG delivered appealing open circuit voltage of 250 V,short circuit current of 4μA and transferred charge of 120 nC with high stability,outperforming most advanced TENG systems.The LP-TENG was successfully employed for versatile applications with multifunctionality,including human motion detection,handwriting recognition,energy collection,message transmission and human-machine interaction.This work presents significant prospects for crafting advanced materials and devices in the fields of wearable electronics,flexible skin and smart robots.展开更多
Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental s...Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.展开更多
Video action recognition(VAR)aims to analyze dynamic behaviors in videos and achieve semantic understanding.VAR faces challenges such as temporal dynamics,action-scene coupling,and the complexity of human interactions...Video action recognition(VAR)aims to analyze dynamic behaviors in videos and achieve semantic understanding.VAR faces challenges such as temporal dynamics,action-scene coupling,and the complexity of human interactions.Existing methods can be categorized into motion-level,event-level,and story-level ones based on spatiotemporal granularity.However,single-modal approaches struggle to capture complex behavioral semantics and human factors.Therefore,in recent years,vision-language models(VLMs)have been introduced into this field,providing new research perspectives for VAR.In this paper,we systematically review spatiotemporal hierarchical methods in VAR and explore how the introduction of large models has advanced the field.Additionally,we propose the concept of“Factor”to identify and integrate key information from both visual and textual modalities,enhancing multimodal alignment.We also summarize various multimodal alignment methods and provide in-depth analysis and insights into future research directions.展开更多
The northern South China Sea(SCS) is frequently affected by typhoons. During severe storm events, wave-current interactions produce storm surges causing enormous damage in the path of the typhoon. To evaluate the infl...The northern South China Sea(SCS) is frequently affected by typhoons. During severe storm events, wave-current interactions produce storm surges causing enormous damage in the path of the typhoon. To evaluate the influence of wave-current interactions on storm surge, we used a coupled ocean-atmospherewave-sediment transport(COAWST) modeling system with radiation-stress and vortex-force formulations to simulate two typically intense tropical storms that invaded the SCS, namely Typhoons Nuri(2008) and Hagupit(2008), and compared results with observations from the Hong Kong Observatory. Both radiationstress and vortex-force formulations significantly improved the accuracy of the simulation. Depending on which typhoon and the topography encountered, the influence of surface waves on the oceanic circulation showed different characteristics, including the differences of range and intensity of storm surge between vortex-force and radiation-stress experiments. During typhoon landing, strong sea-surface elevation in concert with wave set-up/set-down caused the adjustment of the momentum balance. In the direction perpendicular to the current, but especially in the cross-shore direction, the pressure gradient and wave effects on the current dominated the momentum balance.展开更多
Ursolic acid(UA) and oleanolic acid(OA) are insoluble drugs. The objective of this study was to encapsulate them into β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) and compare the solubility and intermolecular force of β-CD with the two is...Ursolic acid(UA) and oleanolic acid(OA) are insoluble drugs. The objective of this study was to encapsulate them into β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) and compare the solubility and intermolecular force of β-CD with the two isomeric triterpenic acids. The host-vip interaction was explored in liquid and solid state by ultraviolet-visible absorption,1H NMR, phase solubility analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffractometry, and molecular modeling studies. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that β-CD formed 1: 1 water soluble inclusion complexes and the complexation process was naturally favorable. In addition, the overall results suggested that ring E with a carboxyl group of the drug was encapsulated into the hydrophobic CD nanocavity. Therefore, a clear different inclusion behavior was observed, and UA exhibited better affinity to β-CD compared with OA in various media due to little steric interference, which was beneficial to form stable inclusion complex with β-CD and increase its water solubility effectively.展开更多
This paper proposes a method to recognize human-object interactions by modeling context between human actions and interacted objects.Human-object interaction recognition is a challenging task due to severe occlusion b...This paper proposes a method to recognize human-object interactions by modeling context between human actions and interacted objects.Human-object interaction recognition is a challenging task due to severe occlusion between human and objects during the interacting process.Since that human actions and interacted objects provide strong context information,i.e.some actions are usually related to some specific objects,the accuracy of recognition is significantly improved for both of them.Through the proposed method,both global and local temporal features from skeleton sequences are extracted to model human actions.In the meantime,kernel features are utilized to describe interacted objects.Finally,all possible solutions from actions and objects are optimized by modeling the context between them.The results of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more ...The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe.However,there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs.Therefore,this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs,involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing.The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)and the structural coupling of the PLFPs.The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments.The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed.This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.展开更多
Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)mode...Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models were introduced to perform ventricle mechanical analysis,investigate flow behaviors,and evaluate the impact of myocardial infarction(MI)and hypertension on blood flow in the LV.Echo image data were acquired from 3 patients with consent obtained:one healthy volunteer(P1),one hypertension patient(P2),and one patient who had an inferior and posterior myocardial infarction(P3).The nonlinear Mooney-Rivlin model was used for ventricle tissue with material parameter values chosen to match echo-measure LV volume data.Using the healthy case as baseline,LV with MI had lower peak flow velocity(30%lower at beginejection)and hypertension LV had higher peak flow velocity(16%higher at begin-filling).The vortex area(defined as the area with vorticity>0)for P3 was 19%smaller than that of P1.The vortex area for P2 was 12%smaller than that of P1.At peak of filling,the maximum flow shear stress(FSS)for P2 and P3 were 390%higher and 63%lower than that of P1,respectively.Meanwhile,LV stress and strain of P2 were 41%and 15%higher than those of P1,respectively.LV stress and strain of P3 were 36%and 42%lower than those of P1,respectively.In conclusion,FSI models could provide both flow and structural stress/strain information which would serve as the base for further cardiovascular investigations related to disease initiation,progression,and treatment strategy selections.Large-scale studies are needed to validate our findings.展开更多
Today’s product creative design has rendered many fe atures and has brought a great change in our everyday life, there are many new c hallenges in its traditional theory and principle. According to the traditional de...Today’s product creative design has rendered many fe atures and has brought a great change in our everyday life, there are many new c hallenges in its traditional theory and principle. According to the traditional design theory, the FBS design model pays more attention to the function and stru cture of the product. But this model still couldn’t strengthen the relation bet ween product appearance design and human-machine design effectively. This paper adopt converse design thinking and presents an improved design thinking methodo logy based on C: FBS for product appearance design and give a general summarizat ion for the features, methods and technology based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile it also combines with the behavior design of product r elated IT fields and constructs a new outline to improve the design of product a ppearance supported by the technology of computer aided design. So the new metho d about design thinking for computer aided design, the new abstract product design model and the key problem of design thinking based on human-machine inte raction and interface are addressed in this paper. This kind of creative design theory that is driven by human-machine interaction and interface will help the development of CAD software system and the research of product design and manufa cture. Additionally, this paper gives some beneficial characters to address the theory based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile, combining with the developing of computer technology, the trends of design thinking based on t he technology of human-machine interaction and interface are also analyzed and discussed at the end of this paper.展开更多
The physico-chemical exchanges between hydrothermal fluids and the host rock are usually controlled by elemental interaction effects.A criterion-based backward elimination approach applies the iterative regression ana...The physico-chemical exchanges between hydrothermal fluids and the host rock are usually controlled by elemental interaction effects.A criterion-based backward elimination approach applies the iterative regression analysis and analysis of variance to investigate the geochemical features of the polymetallic Glojeh(Au-Ag-CuPb-Zn)deposit in NW Iran.A statistical definition of the elemental interaction effects(X(i-j)^2,Xi×Xj)could elucidate the relationship between variables and the performance of a full quadratic polynomial model(QPM).The model optimization procedure was carried out by the removal of insignificant predictors(P value 95%CL)based on R^2(pred.)criterion.In order to straighten the convergent trend with R^2 and R^2(adj.),R^2(pred.)gradually increased from 0%to 77.8%by 15-steps optimization.The miniature-scale geochemical changes indicate double ordinal Au(Ag,Pb)and Au(Ag,Zn)interactions within the vein and host rock,in QPM.Results show that the Au(Pb-Zn)commonly presents ordinal effect at the vein and disordinal interaction at the host rock.This ordinal-disordinal interaction revealed that elements Pb and Zn have similar geochemical features during mineralization.In addition,Akima's polynomial contour map confirms the results from Pb-Zn interaction effects by dependency tracing between Au-Pb-Zn at different populations.However,it is noteworthy that Pb and Zn occur together in the second phase of Pb-Zn-Cu±(Ag±Cd)sulfide mineralization at Glojeh,which implies intergrowth and interaction of Pb-Zn on Au concentration.Pb and Zn demonstrate relatively high mobility and are generally concentrated in the near surface zones.Nb is an immobile element during alteration and high content Hg zone is mainly restricted to narrow stripes above ore vein and veinlets.展开更多
基金supported by“the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378440,52078067,52078066,42477143,52408458)the Key Science and Technology Program in the Transportation Industry(2022-MS1-032,2022-MS5-125)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ10045)the Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program of Changsha City(kq2305023)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(24B0292)Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(XSKJ2023059-41)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(AB23075184)。
文摘Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371222,41971167)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Central China Normal University(No.CCNU24ZZ120)。
文摘Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefore,this paper analyzes the spatial interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban networks in China from 2019 to 2023,drawing on Baidu migration data and employing a spatial simultaneous equation model.The results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation between cities with higher hierarchy and those with greater network centrality.Within a static framework,we identify a positive interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban network centrality,while their spatial cross-effects manifest as negative neighborhood interactions based on geographical distance and positive cross-scale interactions shaped by network connections.Within a dynamic framework,changes in urban scale hierarchy and urban networks are mutually reinforcing,thereby widening disparities within the urban hierarchy.Furthermore,an increase in a city’s network centrality had a dampening effect on the population growth of neighboring cities and network-connected cities.This study enhances understanding of the spatial organisation of urban systems and offers insights for coordinated regional development.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3081200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077264)the Scientific Research Project of PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited(HDEC-2022-0301).
文摘Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.
基金funded by the Australian Research Council via the ARC Linkage(Grant No.LP16160100649).
文摘The complex behaviors of expansive soils,particularly their volumetric changes driven by moisture variations,pose significant challenges in urban geotechnical engineering.Although vegetation-induced moisture changes are known to affect ground movement,quantitative characterization of tree–soil interactions remains limited due to insufficient field data and unclear relationships between tree water uptake and soil response.This study investigates the mechanical behavior of expansive clay soils influenced by two Lophostemon confertus samples during a 14-month field monitoring program in Melbourne,Australia.The research methodology integrates measurements of soil displacement,total soil suction,moisture content,and tree water consumption through instrumentation and monitoring systems.Field measurements suggest that tree roots reached the limits of their water extraction capacity when total soil suction exceeded 2880 kPa within the active root zone.The spatial extent of tree-induced soil desiccation reached 0.6–0.7 times the tree height laterally and penetrated to depths of 2.5–3.3 m vertically.The mature sample,with an 86%greater crown area and a threefold larger sapwood area,exhibited 142%higher water consumption(35 kL),demonstrating the scalability of tree–soil interaction mechanisms.A multiple linear regression model was developed to quantify the coupled relationships between soil movement and key variables,achieving a high adjusted R2 value of 0.97,which provides engineers and practitioners with a practical tool for estimating ground movement near trees.These findings offer valuable insights for infrastructure design in tree-adjacent environments and can inform computational models and design codes to enable more accurate site assessments and sustainable urban development.
文摘Aiming at the problems of lagging curriculum,weak practice,and single evaluation in the cultivation of HarmonyOS Development talents,this study constructs a“teacher-machine-student”ternary interactive teaching model based on the Congyou platform.Through the building block curriculum system,the HarmonyOS technology stack is decoupled into dynamic capability units,and a multi-disciplinary cross-case library is jointly built with Huawei,which significantly improves the synchronization of teaching content and industrial technology.This paper innovatively designs an AI collaborative teaching system,which employs knowledge graphs to plan learning paths,utilizes virtual equipment clusters to simulate development environments,and establishes a“diagnosis-feedback-enhancement”closed loop through AI-based review,thereby effectively improving students’development efficiency and code reuse rate.A three-dimensional evaluation model integrating task outcomes,process performance,and innovation is constructed,incorporating indicators such as code standardization and an innovation index to strengthen the cultivation of engineering thinking and innovative ability.Furthermore,a data-driven support platform is built to generate student competency profiles,open up the“credit-competency-certification”pathway,promote the transformation of course achievements into contributions to the Huawei ecosystem,and significantly shorten the job adaptation cycle for graduates.The research results provide a replicable paradigm for the cultivation of domestic operating system talents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42150204 and 2288101)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230045)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730279)。
文摘A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and development of the NMI model and then emphasize that the NMI model represents a new tool for identifying the basic physics of how climate change influences mid-to-high latitude weather extremes.The building of the NMI model took place over three main periods.In the 1990s,a nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation model was presented to describe atmospheric blocking as a wave packet;however,it could not depict the lifetime(10-20 days)of atmospheric blocking.In the 2000s,we proposed an NMI model of atmospheric blocking in a uniform basic flow by making a scale-separation assumption and deriving an eddyforced NLS equation.This model succeeded in describing the life cycle of atmospheric blocking.In the 2020s,the NMI model was extended to include the impact of a changing climate mainly by altering the basic zonal winds and the magnitude of the meridional background potential vorticity gradient(PVy).Model results show that when PVy is smaller,blocking has a weaker dispersion and a stronger nonlinearity,so blocking can be more persistent and have a larger zonal scale and weaker eastward movement,thus favoring stronger weather extremes.However,when PVy is much smaller and below a critical threshold under much stronger winter Arctic warming of global warming,atmospheric blocking becomes locally less persistent and shows a much stronger westward movement,which acts to inhibit local cold extremes.Such a case does not happen in summer under global warming because PVy fails to fall below the critical threshold.Thus,our theory indicates that global warming can render summer-blocking anticyclones and mid-to-high latitude heatwaves more persistent,intense,and widespread.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U181321461773369+2 种基金61903360)the Selfplanned Project of the State Key Laboratory of Robotics(2020-Z12)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019M661155)。
文摘Electromyography(EMG)has already been broadly used in human-machine interaction(HMI)applications.Determining how to decode the information inside EMG signals robustly and accurately is a key problem for which we urgently need a solution.Recently,many EMG pattern recognition tasks have been addressed using deep learning methods.In this paper,we analyze recent papers and present a literature review describing the role that deep learning plays in EMG-based HMI.An overview of typical network structures and processing schemes will be provided.Recent progress in typical tasks such as movement classification,joint angle prediction,and force/torque estimation will be introduced.New issues,including multimodal sensing,inter-subject/inter-session,and robustness toward disturbances will be discussed.We attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of current research by discussing the advantages,challenges,and opportunities brought by deep learning.We hope that deep learning can aid in eliminating factors that hinder the development of EMG-based HMI systems.Furthermore,possible future directions will be presented to pave the way for future research.
文摘This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interactions.Within the context of large models,AIx is characterized by its innovative interaction patterns and a plethora of application scenarios that hold great potential.The paper highlights the pivotal role of AIx in shaping the future landscape of the large model industry,emphasizing its adoption and necessity from a user's perspective.This study underscores the pivotal role of AIx in dictating the future trajectory of a large model industry by emphasizing the importance of its adoption and necessity from a user-centric perspective.The fundamental drivers of AIx include the introduction of novel capabilities,replication of capabilities(both anthropomorphic and superhuman),migration of capabilities,aggregation of intelligence,and multiplication of capabilities.These elements are essential for propelling innovation,expanding the frontiers of capability,and realizing the exponential superposition of capabilities,thereby mitigating labor redundancy and addressing a spectrum of human needs.Furthermore,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the structural components and operational mechanisms of agents supported by large models.Such advancements significantly enhance the capacity of agents to tackle complex problems and provide intelligent services,thereby facilitating a more intuitive,adaptive,and personalized engagement between humans and machines.The study further delineates four principal categories of interaction patterns that encompass eight distinct modalities of interaction,corresponding to twenty-one specific scenarios,including applications in smart home systems,health assistance,and elderly care.This emphasizes the significance of this new paradigm in advancing HCI,fostering technological advancements,and redefining user experiences.However,it also acknowledges the challenges and ethical considerations that accompany this paradigm shift,recognizing the need for a balanced approach to harness the full potential of AIx in modern society.
基金supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Ministry of Education,China.
文摘The study of virus-host interactions has been significantly advanced using model organisms,with nematodes being a prominent example.Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)nematodes have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of viral infections,host defense strategies,and the development of antiviral therapies.With the discovery of natural viral pathogens of nematodes,Orsay virus,Le Blanc virus,Santeuil virus,and Mělník virus,the exploration of the virus-host interaction model based on nematodes has entered a new era.The virus-host interaction network consists of viruses,hosts,and the antagonistic effects of viruses on host immunity.The nematode virus-host interaction model is a concrete manifestation used to study the complex relationships among these three elements.Previous studies have indicated that during the entire process of nematode infection by viruses,antiviral RNA interference(RNAi)plays a crucial role.Additionally,the host’s innate immune responses,such as the antiviral-specific intracellular pathogen response(IPR)and certain signaling pathways homologous to those in humans,are particularly important in the natural immune and antiviral processes of nematodes.These processes are regulated by multiple genes in the host.The reverse genetics system for Orsay virus has been successfully developed to study viral gene function and virus-host interactions.Nematodes serve as simple host models for understanding RNA virus replication,related cellular components,and virus-host interaction mechanisms.These findings will likely contribute to the development of antiviral treatment strategies based on novel targets.
文摘Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been developed over time to guide practice,incorporating fundamental concepts of therapeutic encounters;nevertheless,the majority are not designed for application in both inpatient and outpatient settings.The SAIDAR communication model is suggested to address this disparity.This review integrates elements of an integrative review with a critical review perspective to provide a narrative synthesis of theoretical and applied communication models derived from seminal works in the field of health communication.Using the CINAHL,Scopus,and Web of Science databases without date restrictions,the selected seminal authors were retrieved.Elicit,an artificial intelligence-driven research assistant,and the Google Scholar search engine were utilized together,and citation chaining facilitated the retrieval of relevant studies,which were analyzed using inductive dominant thematic analysis.Thirteen studies beneficial to the review question were included,and six themes were generated.These themes were salutation,assessing the environment,informing and explaining the task,doing,demonstrating,and performing the task;applauding,correcting,and appreciating,and reinforcing knowledge of the receiver of care.The critical analysis of these themes culminated in the formulation of the SAIDAR communication model.The current model integrates a structured communication framework that acknowledges the individuality of man and environmental assessment and demonstrates,appreciates,and reinforces knowledge.This model is an adaptable and acontextual communication tool suitable for various healthcare environments.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22109120,62104170 and 82202757)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ21B030002 and LY23F040001)。
文摘Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriously hinder its development.Herein,we report a robust route to a liquid metal(LM)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel-based TENG(LP-TENG).Owing to the intrinsically liquid feature of conductive LM within the flexible PVA hydrogel,the as-prepared LP-TENG exhibited comprehensiye advantages of adaptability,biocompatibility,outstanding electrical performance,superior stability,recyclability and diverse applications,which were unattainable by traditional systems.Concretely,the LP-TENG delivered appealing open circuit voltage of 250 V,short circuit current of 4μA and transferred charge of 120 nC with high stability,outperforming most advanced TENG systems.The LP-TENG was successfully employed for versatile applications with multifunctionality,including human motion detection,handwriting recognition,energy collection,message transmission and human-machine interaction.This work presents significant prospects for crafting advanced materials and devices in the fields of wearable electronics,flexible skin and smart robots.
基金supported by National Science Foundation CAREER (2238972)National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research awards (R03DE031329 and R01DE030943)The Translational Tissue Modeling Laboratory is supported by the University of Michigan (Center for Gastrointestinal Research,Office of the Dean, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Departments of Pathology, Pharmacology, and Internal Medicine) with additional funding from the Endowment for Basic Sciences
文摘Understanding microbial-host interactions in the oral cavity is essential for elucidating oral disease pathogenesis and its systemic implications.In vitro bacteria-host cell coculture models have enabled fundamental studies to characterize bacterial infection and host responses in a reductionist yet reproducible manner.However,existing in vitro coculture models fail to establish conditions that are suitable for the growth of both mammalian cells and anaerobes,thereby hindering a comprehensive understanding of their interactions.Here,we present an asymmetric gas coculture system that simulates the oral microenvironment by maintaining distinct normoxic and anaerobic conditions for gingival epithelial cells and anaerobic bacteria,respectively.Using a key oral pathobiont,Fusobacterium nucleatum,as the primary test bed,we demonstrate that the system preserves bacterial viability and supports the integrity of telomerase-immortalized gingival keratinocytes.Compared to conventional models,this system enhanced bacterial invasion,elevated intracellular bacterial loads,and elicited more robust host pro-inflammatory responses,including increased secretion of CXCL10,IL-6,and IL-8.In addition,the model enabled precise evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against intracellular pathogens.Finally,we validate the ability of the asymmetric system to support the proliferation of a more oxygen-sensitive oral pathobiont,Porphyromonas gingivalis.These results underscore the utility of this coculture platform for studying oral microbial pathogenesis and screening therapeutics,offering a physiologically relevant approach to advance oral and systemic health research.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23F030001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62406280)+5 种基金the Autism Research Special Fund of Zhejiang Foundation for Disabled Persons(No.2023008)the Liaoning Province Higher Education Innovative Talents Program Support Project(No.LR2019058)the Liaoning Province Joint Open Fund for Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Bases(No.2021-KF-12-05)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH6/100100066)the Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education,Zhejiang University,Chinain part by the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning.
文摘Video action recognition(VAR)aims to analyze dynamic behaviors in videos and achieve semantic understanding.VAR faces challenges such as temporal dynamics,action-scene coupling,and the complexity of human interactions.Existing methods can be categorized into motion-level,event-level,and story-level ones based on spatiotemporal granularity.However,single-modal approaches struggle to capture complex behavioral semantics and human factors.Therefore,in recent years,vision-language models(VLMs)have been introduced into this field,providing new research perspectives for VAR.In this paper,we systematically review spatiotemporal hierarchical methods in VAR and explore how the introduction of large models has advanced the field.Additionally,we propose the concept of“Factor”to identify and integrate key information from both visual and textual modalities,enhancing multimodal alignment.We also summarize various multimodal alignment methods and provide in-depth analysis and insights into future research directions.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1402000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376027,U1133001,41606024)+3 种基金the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-IPOVAI-01-06)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406401)the NSFC Innovative Group Grant Project(No.41421005)the High Performance Computing Environment Qingdao Branch of Chinese Academy of Science(CAS)
文摘The northern South China Sea(SCS) is frequently affected by typhoons. During severe storm events, wave-current interactions produce storm surges causing enormous damage in the path of the typhoon. To evaluate the influence of wave-current interactions on storm surge, we used a coupled ocean-atmospherewave-sediment transport(COAWST) modeling system with radiation-stress and vortex-force formulations to simulate two typically intense tropical storms that invaded the SCS, namely Typhoons Nuri(2008) and Hagupit(2008), and compared results with observations from the Hong Kong Observatory. Both radiationstress and vortex-force formulations significantly improved the accuracy of the simulation. Depending on which typhoon and the topography encountered, the influence of surface waves on the oceanic circulation showed different characteristics, including the differences of range and intensity of storm surge between vortex-force and radiation-stress experiments. During typhoon landing, strong sea-surface elevation in concert with wave set-up/set-down caused the adjustment of the momentum balance. In the direction perpendicular to the current, but especially in the cross-shore direction, the pressure gradient and wave effects on the current dominated the momentum balance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21303086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130884)the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20123234120012)
文摘Ursolic acid(UA) and oleanolic acid(OA) are insoluble drugs. The objective of this study was to encapsulate them into β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) and compare the solubility and intermolecular force of β-CD with the two isomeric triterpenic acids. The host-vip interaction was explored in liquid and solid state by ultraviolet-visible absorption,1H NMR, phase solubility analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffractometry, and molecular modeling studies. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that β-CD formed 1: 1 water soluble inclusion complexes and the complexation process was naturally favorable. In addition, the overall results suggested that ring E with a carboxyl group of the drug was encapsulated into the hydrophobic CD nanocavity. Therefore, a clear different inclusion behavior was observed, and UA exhibited better affinity to β-CD compared with OA in various media due to little steric interference, which was beneficial to form stable inclusion complex with β-CD and increase its water solubility effectively.
文摘This paper proposes a method to recognize human-object interactions by modeling context between human actions and interacted objects.Human-object interaction recognition is a challenging task due to severe occlusion between human and objects during the interacting process.Since that human actions and interacted objects provide strong context information,i.e.some actions are usually related to some specific objects,the accuracy of recognition is significantly improved for both of them.Through the proposed method,both global and local temporal features from skeleton sequences are extracted to model human actions.In the meantime,kernel features are utilized to describe interacted objects.Finally,all possible solutions from actions and objects are optimized by modeling the context between them.The results of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11972112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.N2103024 and N2103002)the Major Projects of Aero-Engines and Gasturbines(No.J2019-I-0008-0008)。
文摘The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe.However,there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs.Therefore,this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs,involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing.The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)and the structural coupling of the PLFPs.The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments.The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed.This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.
文摘Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models were introduced to perform ventricle mechanical analysis,investigate flow behaviors,and evaluate the impact of myocardial infarction(MI)and hypertension on blood flow in the LV.Echo image data were acquired from 3 patients with consent obtained:one healthy volunteer(P1),one hypertension patient(P2),and one patient who had an inferior and posterior myocardial infarction(P3).The nonlinear Mooney-Rivlin model was used for ventricle tissue with material parameter values chosen to match echo-measure LV volume data.Using the healthy case as baseline,LV with MI had lower peak flow velocity(30%lower at beginejection)and hypertension LV had higher peak flow velocity(16%higher at begin-filling).The vortex area(defined as the area with vorticity>0)for P3 was 19%smaller than that of P1.The vortex area for P2 was 12%smaller than that of P1.At peak of filling,the maximum flow shear stress(FSS)for P2 and P3 were 390%higher and 63%lower than that of P1,respectively.Meanwhile,LV stress and strain of P2 were 41%and 15%higher than those of P1,respectively.LV stress and strain of P3 were 36%and 42%lower than those of P1,respectively.In conclusion,FSI models could provide both flow and structural stress/strain information which would serve as the base for further cardiovascular investigations related to disease initiation,progression,and treatment strategy selections.Large-scale studies are needed to validate our findings.
文摘Today’s product creative design has rendered many fe atures and has brought a great change in our everyday life, there are many new c hallenges in its traditional theory and principle. According to the traditional design theory, the FBS design model pays more attention to the function and stru cture of the product. But this model still couldn’t strengthen the relation bet ween product appearance design and human-machine design effectively. This paper adopt converse design thinking and presents an improved design thinking methodo logy based on C: FBS for product appearance design and give a general summarizat ion for the features, methods and technology based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile it also combines with the behavior design of product r elated IT fields and constructs a new outline to improve the design of product a ppearance supported by the technology of computer aided design. So the new metho d about design thinking for computer aided design, the new abstract product design model and the key problem of design thinking based on human-machine inte raction and interface are addressed in this paper. This kind of creative design theory that is driven by human-machine interaction and interface will help the development of CAD software system and the research of product design and manufa cture. Additionally, this paper gives some beneficial characters to address the theory based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile, combining with the developing of computer technology, the trends of design thinking based on t he technology of human-machine interaction and interface are also analyzed and discussed at the end of this paper.
文摘The physico-chemical exchanges between hydrothermal fluids and the host rock are usually controlled by elemental interaction effects.A criterion-based backward elimination approach applies the iterative regression analysis and analysis of variance to investigate the geochemical features of the polymetallic Glojeh(Au-Ag-CuPb-Zn)deposit in NW Iran.A statistical definition of the elemental interaction effects(X(i-j)^2,Xi×Xj)could elucidate the relationship between variables and the performance of a full quadratic polynomial model(QPM).The model optimization procedure was carried out by the removal of insignificant predictors(P value 95%CL)based on R^2(pred.)criterion.In order to straighten the convergent trend with R^2 and R^2(adj.),R^2(pred.)gradually increased from 0%to 77.8%by 15-steps optimization.The miniature-scale geochemical changes indicate double ordinal Au(Ag,Pb)and Au(Ag,Zn)interactions within the vein and host rock,in QPM.Results show that the Au(Pb-Zn)commonly presents ordinal effect at the vein and disordinal interaction at the host rock.This ordinal-disordinal interaction revealed that elements Pb and Zn have similar geochemical features during mineralization.In addition,Akima's polynomial contour map confirms the results from Pb-Zn interaction effects by dependency tracing between Au-Pb-Zn at different populations.However,it is noteworthy that Pb and Zn occur together in the second phase of Pb-Zn-Cu±(Ag±Cd)sulfide mineralization at Glojeh,which implies intergrowth and interaction of Pb-Zn on Au concentration.Pb and Zn demonstrate relatively high mobility and are generally concentrated in the near surface zones.Nb is an immobile element during alteration and high content Hg zone is mainly restricted to narrow stripes above ore vein and veinlets.
