The highest-level interference essence against virus and turnour genetic engineering medicine is a new type created in the 1980s. Compared with chemical medicines, the interference essence has a special effect in the ...The highest-level interference essence against virus and turnour genetic engineering medicine is a new type created in the 1980s. Compared with chemical medicines, the interference essence has a special effect in the treatment of viruses and tumours. The human a, type genetic engineering interference essense is prepared by the Institute of Viruses of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences, the Shanghai Vaccine展开更多
Conversion of natural environments to human-modified landscapes is continuing at an unprecedented rate,exerting fundamental influences on global biodiversity.Understanding how wildlife communities respond to landscape...Conversion of natural environments to human-modified landscapes is continuing at an unprecedented rate,exerting fundamental influences on global biodiversity.Understanding how wildlife communities respond to landscape modifications is critical to improve biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes.In this study,we surveyed bird communities in three common habitats(i.e.,farmland,village,and forest)in the southern Anhui Mountainous Area during summer(August 2019)and winter(December 2020).The diversity metrics and species compositions of the avian communities were compared among the habitats,and the effects of land use composition in these habitats were tested.During the field surveys,we recorded 7599 birds of 120 species along 45 line transects of 1km in length.The land use compositions differed among habitats,and land use diversity was the highest in villages and lowest in forests.The species richness and bird abundance in the two human-dominated habitats(i.e.,farmland and village)were higher than those in forest in both seasons.Bird species composition also differed across habitat types in both seasons.Bird species feeding on vertebrates,fish and carrion,and species feeding on plants and seeds were mainly found in habitats with less construction lands and lower land use diversity,while omnivorous species and species feeding on fruits and nectar or on invertebrates were less affected by these two variables.The indicator species analysis showed that most species associated with forest feed on invertebrates,while species feeding on plants and seeds were more correlated with farmland and village.The results indicated that the conversion of natural habitats to human-dominated landscapes has pronounced impacts on bird communities in the study area.Human-dominated habitats harboured more avian species that deserve conservation attention.Meanwhile,bird conservations should not be relaxed in forests because there were more than 20 species that had a high specificity for forests.展开更多
Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the a...Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the appropriate utilization of resources,community integration,and feasible management.In the present study,the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research object.Based on the critical goal of ecological protection,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivities were evaluated.The results showed that the ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivity of the whole region are high.Among them,lake,river and wetland as the most strictly protected ecosystems account for the highest proportion.Then this study divided the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park into five functional areas through grid calculations,spatial analysis and multifactor trade-off.The results indicated that the goal of functional zoning for national park is to maximize the overall utility of park protection value and its comprehensive functions based on its spatial units with different functions,management and control requirements.The zoning scheme addresses the lack of sustainable development in Qinghai Lake National Park due to ecological environmental changes and single-resource zoning with resource protection as the primary goal.This study can serve as a reference for spatial functional zoning methods of national land parks,nature reserves and other natural protected areas.展开更多
Aims Vegetation dynamics are simultaneously regulated by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Since the 1980s,climate has been warming on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)at a rate higher than North Hemisphere average.An...Aims Vegetation dynamics are simultaneously regulated by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Since the 1980s,climate has been warming on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)at a rate higher than North Hemisphere average.Anthropogenic activities,including grazing,farming,and urbanization,are also influencing the alpine ecosystem on the TP.Especially,an ensemble of large engineering projects,such as power transported from west to east by State Grid,has been in operation on the TP.While studies disentangling effects of climate and anthropogenic activities interference are still lacking for the forest ecosystems on the TP.The overarching objectives of this study were to separate effects of natural climates and human interferences on forest ecosystem dynamics on the TP.Methods We compared vegetation activities of two typical natural reserves(Gongbu natural reserve,GNR,and Yarlung zangbo river grand canyon natural reserve,YNR)and their surroundings in southeastern Tibet(outside of the natural reserves,ONR)using long-term satel-lite normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)dataset.Linear regression and partial correlation analyses were constructed for the relationship between vegetation activity and climates to evaluate the distinct climate effects on the two natural reserves.Important Findings The two natural reserves were established at different time,which were related to anthropogenic activities impact durations.The results showed that the annual mean NDVI fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.6 in the relatively longer reserved YNR,which was re-markably higher than those in other regions(with NDVI lower than 0.45).The vegetation vigor in the YNR showed neither a sig-nificant temporal trend nor significant relationship with climate.Nevertheless,vegetation vigor exhibited a significant increasing trend during the last three decades(0.012/decade)at the GNR.The inter-decadal analysis turned out positive relationships between vegetation vigor and annual temperature since late 1990s until early 2000s when the GNR was officially established.This study underlined the importance of considering human interference duration when assessing the relationships between vegetation dy-namics and climates.展开更多
文摘The highest-level interference essence against virus and turnour genetic engineering medicine is a new type created in the 1980s. Compared with chemical medicines, the interference essence has a special effect in the treatment of viruses and tumours. The human a, type genetic engineering interference essense is prepared by the Institute of Viruses of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences, the Shanghai Vaccine
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31970500 and 31770571)the Excellent Youth Project of the Anhui Natural Science Foundation (2108085Y09)the Biodiversity Investigation,Observation and Assessment Program (2019-2023) of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China
文摘Conversion of natural environments to human-modified landscapes is continuing at an unprecedented rate,exerting fundamental influences on global biodiversity.Understanding how wildlife communities respond to landscape modifications is critical to improve biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes.In this study,we surveyed bird communities in three common habitats(i.e.,farmland,village,and forest)in the southern Anhui Mountainous Area during summer(August 2019)and winter(December 2020).The diversity metrics and species compositions of the avian communities were compared among the habitats,and the effects of land use composition in these habitats were tested.During the field surveys,we recorded 7599 birds of 120 species along 45 line transects of 1km in length.The land use compositions differed among habitats,and land use diversity was the highest in villages and lowest in forests.The species richness and bird abundance in the two human-dominated habitats(i.e.,farmland and village)were higher than those in forest in both seasons.Bird species composition also differed across habitat types in both seasons.Bird species feeding on vertebrates,fish and carrion,and species feeding on plants and seeds were mainly found in habitats with less construction lands and lower land use diversity,while omnivorous species and species feeding on fruits and nectar or on invertebrates were less affected by these two variables.The indicator species analysis showed that most species associated with forest feed on invertebrates,while species feeding on plants and seeds were more correlated with farmland and village.The results indicated that the conversion of natural habitats to human-dominated landscapes has pronounced impacts on bird communities in the study area.Human-dominated habitats harboured more avian species that deserve conservation attention.Meanwhile,bird conservations should not be relaxed in forests because there were more than 20 species that had a high specificity for forests.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1100401)The Young Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University(GG6J007)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662021JC009)。
文摘Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the appropriate utilization of resources,community integration,and feasible management.In the present study,the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research object.Based on the critical goal of ecological protection,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivities were evaluated.The results showed that the ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivity of the whole region are high.Among them,lake,river and wetland as the most strictly protected ecosystems account for the highest proportion.Then this study divided the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park into five functional areas through grid calculations,spatial analysis and multifactor trade-off.The results indicated that the goal of functional zoning for national park is to maximize the overall utility of park protection value and its comprehensive functions based on its spatial units with different functions,management and control requirements.The zoning scheme addresses the lack of sustainable development in Qinghai Lake National Park due to ecological environmental changes and single-resource zoning with resource protection as the primary goal.This study can serve as a reference for spatial functional zoning methods of national land parks,nature reserves and other natural protected areas.
基金Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGxzzzlwzhbGCJS1700095)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFA0606101,2017YFA0604802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501103).
文摘Aims Vegetation dynamics are simultaneously regulated by climate change and anthropogenic activities.Since the 1980s,climate has been warming on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)at a rate higher than North Hemisphere average.Anthropogenic activities,including grazing,farming,and urbanization,are also influencing the alpine ecosystem on the TP.Especially,an ensemble of large engineering projects,such as power transported from west to east by State Grid,has been in operation on the TP.While studies disentangling effects of climate and anthropogenic activities interference are still lacking for the forest ecosystems on the TP.The overarching objectives of this study were to separate effects of natural climates and human interferences on forest ecosystem dynamics on the TP.Methods We compared vegetation activities of two typical natural reserves(Gongbu natural reserve,GNR,and Yarlung zangbo river grand canyon natural reserve,YNR)and their surroundings in southeastern Tibet(outside of the natural reserves,ONR)using long-term satel-lite normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)dataset.Linear regression and partial correlation analyses were constructed for the relationship between vegetation activity and climates to evaluate the distinct climate effects on the two natural reserves.Important Findings The two natural reserves were established at different time,which were related to anthropogenic activities impact durations.The results showed that the annual mean NDVI fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.6 in the relatively longer reserved YNR,which was re-markably higher than those in other regions(with NDVI lower than 0.45).The vegetation vigor in the YNR showed neither a sig-nificant temporal trend nor significant relationship with climate.Nevertheless,vegetation vigor exhibited a significant increasing trend during the last three decades(0.012/decade)at the GNR.The inter-decadal analysis turned out positive relationships between vegetation vigor and annual temperature since late 1990s until early 2000s when the GNR was officially established.This study underlined the importance of considering human interference duration when assessing the relationships between vegetation dy-namics and climates.
