NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an ...NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management, technology,and natural sciences. Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a formthat is comprehendsible not only to specialists.展开更多
NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions may besummarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an in...NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions may besummarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields of ecology,environmental management, technology andnatural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of highsci-entific standard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also to scientistsin other fields, to students,politicians,professional planners,and interested laymen.Allmanuscripts submitted to Ambio are accepted forconsideration with the understanding that theyhave not been published elsewhere and are展开更多
NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Amblo in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summrily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an i...NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Amblo in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summrily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management,technology and natural sciences. Ambiopublishes papers of high scientificstandard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also展开更多
NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Ambio in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an ...NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Ambio in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management,technology and natural sciences. Ambiopublishes papers of high scientificstandard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also toscientists in other ficlds, to students,展开更多
NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an ...NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management, technology,and natural sciences. Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a formthat is comprehendsible not only to specialists,but also to scientists in other fields, tostudents, politicians, professional planners,and interested laymen. All manuscripts submittedto Ambio are accepted for consider-展开更多
NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions maybe summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an in...NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions maybe summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology,environmental management,technologyand natural sciences.Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a展开更多
NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house stylewill be considered for publication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined In these Instructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an ...NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house stylewill be considered for publication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined In these Instructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishing recent work in theinterrlated fields of ecology.environmental management,technologyand natural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of high sciendfic standardin a form that is comprehendsible not only to specialists.but also toscientists in other fields.to students,politicians,professional planners,and interested laymen.All manuscripts submitted to Ambio areaccepted for consideration with the understanding that they have展开更多
NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house style will be consideredfor publication.Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.Ambio has no page charges.EDI...NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house style will be consideredfor publication.Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.Ambio has no page charges.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishing recentwork in the interrelated fields of ecology,environmental management,technology andnatural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of展开更多
In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-ti...In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-tions across scales.We find that the health issues have been mainly addressed by disciplinary endeavors which unfortunately will not result in panoramic theories or effective solutions.We recommend focusing on the intri-cate interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environment for developing common theoretical under-standings and practical solutions for safeguarding planetary health,with human health as the key indicator and endpoint.To facilitate this paradigm shift,a holistic framework is formulated that incorporates disturbances from inner Earth and our solar system,and accommodates interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environ-ment in a nested hierarchy.An integrative and transdisciplinary health science is advocated along with holistic thinking to resolve our current health challenges and to achieve the health-related sustainable development goals.展开更多
As urbanization continues, traditional villages are confronted by the conflict between protection and development, especially for ancient villages in living envi- ronment. China landscape is so vast, dominated by rura...As urbanization continues, traditional villages are confronted by the conflict between protection and development, especially for ancient villages in living envi- ronment. China landscape is so vast, dominated by rural areas. Human settlement environment of ancient villages is so important for studying domestic human settle- ment environment, including ancient structure analysis and eco-resource organization. The research explored Xichong Village, Sikou Town, Wuyuan County and detailed how to improve its environment, providing references for ancient village development in settlement environment.展开更多
With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization,human environment has attracted great attention worldwide.This paper sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index(HEI) model and evaluates the n...With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization,human environment has attracted great attention worldwide.This paper sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index(HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology.The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general,HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient(r) between them reaches 0.93,which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution.Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability.The total suitable area is 430.47×104 km2,which accounts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China,while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%.With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer,the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China.The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million.The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.展开更多
To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pattern of human settlements environmental suitability （HSES） in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA）, terrain, climate, hydrology,...To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pattern of human settlements environmental suitability （HSES） in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA）, terrain, climate, hydrology, vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation, and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing（RS） and Geographic Informational System （GIS） to reveal geo- graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES. The results are obtained as follows： （1） inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate h.igh HSES, which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area; （2） the HSES is closely related to the terrain, and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern： relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south; （3） large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability （with higher population density than the average of the western China）, but economic development level in these areas is quite low. Moreover, these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile, many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities. Therefore, population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.展开更多
The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ...The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.展开更多
The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment systems.This paper introduces the risk index(RI)and adaptation capacity ...The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment systems.This paper introduces the risk index(RI)and adaptation capacity index(ACI)to evaluate the rural human–environment system.An evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human–environment systems is configured in the context of climate change and policy implementation.On this basis,the stages,features,dominant control factors,and evolution mechanism were examined vis-à-vis the adaptability of the rural human–environment system in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner from 1952 to 2017.The main results are as follows:(1)The evolution of the rural human–environment system can be divided into three stages,namely,the reorganization and rapid development stage(1952–2002)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland increasing by 260%,13%,134%and 16.33%,respectively.The rapid to stable development stage(2003–2010)with population increasing by 2.8%;cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.3%,13.6%and 10.7%,respectively.The stable to release stage(2011–2017)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.6%,0.2%,10.6%and 3.8%,respectively.(2)With the passage of time,the ACI of the rural human–environment system first increased slightly(–0.016–0.031),followed by a slight decline(0.031–0.003),and culminating in a rapid increase(0.003–0.088).In terms of spatial patterns,adaptability is high in the middle,moderate in the north,and low in the south.(3)The evolution of adaptability in the rural human–environment system was mainly controlled by the per capita effective irrigation area(22.31%)and the per capita number of livestock(23.47%)from 1990 to 2000,the desertified area(25.06%)and the land use intensity(21.27%)from 2000 to 2005,and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen(20.08%)and the per capita number of livestock(18.52%)from 2010 to 2007.(4)Under the effects of climate change and policy interventions,the cyclic adaptation of the rural human–environment system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects:farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and rural communities on the other hand.The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects,which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system.As a result,the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states.Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of the rural human–environment system.展开更多
Development of urban human settlement environments(HSEs)is an integral part of promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development and constructing a beautiful China.The city of Lanzhou,located at the geometri...Development of urban human settlement environments(HSEs)is an integral part of promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development and constructing a beautiful China.The city of Lanzhou,located at the geometric center of China,is the only provincial capital traversed by the Yellow River.Given the constraints posed by the valley topography and the need for economic development,the development of this HSE,which is located within an arid region,poses considerable challenges.Evidently,an understanding of the evolution of HSEs and drivers of changes in them contributes to high-quality,sustainable urban development in arid and semi-arid regions.An analytical model was developed using the parameters of relief degree of land surface,human comfort days,the land cover index,nighttime light index,and precipitation.This model was used in combination with population density and the gross domestic product to analyze the spatial distribution of Lanzhou's HSE and its drivers.The results showed that landscapes in Lanzhou underwent significant changes between 2000 and 2022,with an increase in building-up land(+0.946%),cultivated land(+0.134%),and forest land(+0.018%)and a decrease in grassland(-1.10%).There was significant outward expansion of the main urban zone of Lanzhou and of various county towns,with the increase in building-up land being most prominent.During this period,there were significant changes in the periphery of the core urban area and county towns in Lanzhou,with decreases moving from the urban center(the highest value)to the surrounding areas(Yongdeng County had the lowest value).The correlation between the HSE and population density grew stronger in Anning and Chengguan Districts but became weaker in Xigu and Qilihe Districts.Spatiotemporal variations in the HSE were primarily caused by climate change,followed by human activities,and were also influenced by the valley topography.Overall,the spatial distribution of population density and the HSE in Lanzhou demonstrated good consistency under the in-fluence of economic development and urbanization.展开更多
The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human set...The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.展开更多
The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (黄帝内经素问Huangdi Neijing Suwen), created in the Warring States period (475 to 221 BC) described a phenomenon whereby the eastern, western, northern, southern, ...The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (黄帝内经素问Huangdi Neijing Suwen), created in the Warring States period (475 to 221 BC) described a phenomenon whereby the eastern, western, northern, southern, and central regions were liable to different diseases. It brought forward the principle of treatment in accordance with local conditions. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, Huai Nan Tzu (Huainanzi), and the Regiment of Health (Yangshenglun) in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties all describe regional diseases such as goiter (endemic goiter) and yellowish teeth (dental fluorosis) as being caused by geologic and climatic factors. Zhang (miasma), first mentioned in the Han Dynasty, was considered related to the summer heat and dampness particular to the geographical environment of the south. Zhang was further associated with malaria in the Jin Dynasty. General Treatise on the Etiology and Symptomology of Diseases (Zhubingyuanhou Lun), in the Sui Dynasty, held that as a type of poisonous gas, Zhang was the predisposing cause of malaria, seasonal disease, and barbiers, among other conditions. General Guide (Zhinan Zonglun), in the Southern Song Dynasty, regarded Zhang malaria as a separate disease. Healthy Prescription in the Southern Wuling District (Lingnan Weisheng Fang), in the late Song and early Yuan Dynasties, explicitly put forward the concepts of cold Zhang, hot Zhang, and lockjaw Zhang. Guidelines for Treatment of Zhang Malaria (Zhangnue Zhinan), in the Ming Dynasty, maintained that cold Zhang was equivalent to malaria, while hot Zhang and lockjaw Zhang were equivalent to cold damage, the latter of which can be treated by prescriptions for cold damage. Records on Zhang gas and Zhang disease decreased during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.展开更多
This paper focuses on the historical transition of human being's activities and the eco-environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The history is divided into 4 periods, each with its own feature. During ...This paper focuses on the historical transition of human being's activities and the eco-environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The history is divided into 4 periods, each with its own feature. During the period of nomad immigration, the top-line of the subalpine forest was forced downward by the expanding subalpine meadow. During the period of farming nationality immigration, the bottom-line of middle mountain forest had moved upward forced by the needs for land or timber of the increasing population in the valley basia During the period of the early exploiting, the focus resource was the timber. The total output was limited, comparing with the later period, because of the bad accessibility. But it was large enough to impact the forest ecosystem of the deforesting area. The recent 50 years is the crucial period of economic development and eco-environment degradation. This paper points out that the impact of human being's activities for environment lies on 3 factors: 1) physical features control the location and tendency eco-environmental change; 2) population and productivity control the scale and speed of eco-environmental change; 3) regional accessibility controls the time and location of eco-environmental change.展开更多
Based on fundamental principles of ecology ,the ecological philosophy connotation of Feng-Shui(Wind and Water) concept from experiences of Chinese agricultural culture was first discussed , and then hu-man-ecological ...Based on fundamental principles of ecology ,the ecological philosophy connotation of Feng-Shui(Wind and Water) concept from experiences of Chinese agricultural culture was first discussed , and then hu-man-ecological implications of Feng-Shui environment architecture is analyzed. As a theoretical integrationbetween human ecology and Feng-Shui theory ,“environment” and “environmental design” concepts were re-examined and given new definitions. With holistic principles of human ecological design in the context ofFeng-Shui , essential technical ways of integrative human ecological design were explored in the presentationof a case study of an urban environmental design in east China.展开更多
文摘NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management, technology,and natural sciences. Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a formthat is comprehendsible not only to specialists.
文摘NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions may besummarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields of ecology,environmental management, technology andnatural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of highsci-entific standard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also to scientistsin other fields, to students,politicians,professional planners,and interested laymen.Allmanuscripts submitted to Ambio are accepted forconsideration with the understanding that theyhave not been published elsewhere and are
文摘NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Amblo in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summrily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management,technology and natural sciences. Ambiopublishes papers of high scientificstandard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also
文摘NB. Only manuscripts that comply withthe Ambio in-house style will beconsidered for publication. Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management,technology and natural sciences. Ambiopublishes papers of high scientificstandard in a form that is comprehendsiblenot only to specialists, but also toscientists in other ficlds, to students,
文摘NB. Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication. Papers that do not meet the criteriaoutlined in these Instructions may be summarilyrejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology, environmental management, technology,and natural sciences. Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a formthat is comprehendsible not only to specialists,but also to scientists in other fields, tostudents, politicians, professional planners,and interested laymen. All manuscripts submittedto Ambio are accepted for consider-
文摘NB.Only manuscripts that comply with theAmbio in-house style will be considered forpublication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined in these Instructions maybe summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishingrecent work in the interrelated fields ofecology,environmental management,technologyand natural sciences.Ambio publishespapers of high scientific standard in a
文摘NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house stylewill be considered for publication.Papers that do not meet thecriteria outlined In these Instructions may be summarily rejected.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishing recent work in theinterrlated fields of ecology.environmental management,technologyand natural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of high sciendfic standardin a form that is comprehendsible not only to specialists.but also toscientists in other fields.to students,politicians,professional planners,and interested laymen.All manuscripts submitted to Ambio areaccepted for consideration with the understanding that they have
文摘NB.Only manuscripts that comply with the Ambio in-house style will be consideredfor publication.Papers that donot meet the criteria outlined in theseInstructions may be summarily rejected.Ambio has no page charges.EDITORIAL POLICYAmbio is an international journal publishing recentwork in the interrelated fields of ecology,environmental management,technology andnatural sciences.Ambio publishes papers of
基金This work was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA23070201)The Science-based Advisory Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations。
文摘In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-tions across scales.We find that the health issues have been mainly addressed by disciplinary endeavors which unfortunately will not result in panoramic theories or effective solutions.We recommend focusing on the intri-cate interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environment for developing common theoretical under-standings and practical solutions for safeguarding planetary health,with human health as the key indicator and endpoint.To facilitate this paradigm shift,a holistic framework is formulated that incorporates disturbances from inner Earth and our solar system,and accommodates interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environ-ment in a nested hierarchy.An integrative and transdisciplinary health science is advocated along with holistic thinking to resolve our current health challenges and to achieve the health-related sustainable development goals.
文摘As urbanization continues, traditional villages are confronted by the conflict between protection and development, especially for ancient villages in living envi- ronment. China landscape is so vast, dominated by rural areas. Human settlement environment of ancient villages is so important for studying domestic human settle- ment environment, including ancient structure analysis and eco-resource organization. The research explored Xichong Village, Sikou Town, Wuyuan County and detailed how to improve its environment, providing references for ancient village development in settlement environment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40771204No.40801223National Key Technology R&D Program,No.2006BAC18B01
文摘With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization,human environment has attracted great attention worldwide.This paper sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index(HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology.The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general,HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient(r) between them reaches 0.93,which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution.Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability.The total suitable area is 430.47×104 km2,which accounts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China,while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%.With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer,the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China.The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million.The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077 Key Scientific Research Projects of the Ministry of Education, No.209100+1 种基金 Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No.CSTC, 2008BB7367 Science ＆ Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No.K J070811
文摘To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pattern of human settlements environmental suitability （HSES） in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA）, terrain, climate, hydrology, vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation, and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing（RS） and Geographic Informational System （GIS） to reveal geo- graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES. The results are obtained as follows： （1） inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate h.igh HSES, which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area; （2） the HSES is closely related to the terrain, and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern： relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south; （3） large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability （with higher population density than the average of the western China）, but economic development level in these areas is quite low. Moreover, these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile, many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities. Therefore, population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.
基金Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of PRC, No.11YJCZH201 Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No.10JJ5017+1 种基金 Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No.2010JD19 No.09YBA003
文摘The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China,No.18AZD021,No.17CGL024Major Project of the Ministry of Education of China,No.19JZD014Major Science and Technology Projects in Inner Mongolia,No.ZDZX2018058。
文摘The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment systems.This paper introduces the risk index(RI)and adaptation capacity index(ACI)to evaluate the rural human–environment system.An evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human–environment systems is configured in the context of climate change and policy implementation.On this basis,the stages,features,dominant control factors,and evolution mechanism were examined vis-à-vis the adaptability of the rural human–environment system in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner from 1952 to 2017.The main results are as follows:(1)The evolution of the rural human–environment system can be divided into three stages,namely,the reorganization and rapid development stage(1952–2002)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland increasing by 260%,13%,134%and 16.33%,respectively.The rapid to stable development stage(2003–2010)with population increasing by 2.8%;cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.3%,13.6%and 10.7%,respectively.The stable to release stage(2011–2017)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.6%,0.2%,10.6%and 3.8%,respectively.(2)With the passage of time,the ACI of the rural human–environment system first increased slightly(–0.016–0.031),followed by a slight decline(0.031–0.003),and culminating in a rapid increase(0.003–0.088).In terms of spatial patterns,adaptability is high in the middle,moderate in the north,and low in the south.(3)The evolution of adaptability in the rural human–environment system was mainly controlled by the per capita effective irrigation area(22.31%)and the per capita number of livestock(23.47%)from 1990 to 2000,the desertified area(25.06%)and the land use intensity(21.27%)from 2000 to 2005,and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen(20.08%)and the per capita number of livestock(18.52%)from 2010 to 2007.(4)Under the effects of climate change and policy interventions,the cyclic adaptation of the rural human–environment system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects:farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and rural communities on the other hand.The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects,which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system.As a result,the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states.Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of the rural human–environment system.
基金supported by Longyuan Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Individual Project of Gansu Province in 2023 (Zhu Rong)Innovative Development Special Project of China Meteorological Administration (CXFZ2023J040)Science and Technology Plan Project of Gansu Province (22JR4ZA103)
文摘Development of urban human settlement environments(HSEs)is an integral part of promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development and constructing a beautiful China.The city of Lanzhou,located at the geometric center of China,is the only provincial capital traversed by the Yellow River.Given the constraints posed by the valley topography and the need for economic development,the development of this HSE,which is located within an arid region,poses considerable challenges.Evidently,an understanding of the evolution of HSEs and drivers of changes in them contributes to high-quality,sustainable urban development in arid and semi-arid regions.An analytical model was developed using the parameters of relief degree of land surface,human comfort days,the land cover index,nighttime light index,and precipitation.This model was used in combination with population density and the gross domestic product to analyze the spatial distribution of Lanzhou's HSE and its drivers.The results showed that landscapes in Lanzhou underwent significant changes between 2000 and 2022,with an increase in building-up land(+0.946%),cultivated land(+0.134%),and forest land(+0.018%)and a decrease in grassland(-1.10%).There was significant outward expansion of the main urban zone of Lanzhou and of various county towns,with the increase in building-up land being most prominent.During this period,there were significant changes in the periphery of the core urban area and county towns in Lanzhou,with decreases moving from the urban center(the highest value)to the surrounding areas(Yongdeng County had the lowest value).The correlation between the HSE and population density grew stronger in Anning and Chengguan Districts but became weaker in Xigu and Qilihe Districts.Spatiotemporal variations in the HSE were primarily caused by climate change,followed by human activities,and were also influenced by the valley topography.Overall,the spatial distribution of population density and the HSE in Lanzhou demonstrated good consistency under the in-fluence of economic development and urbanization.
基金Supported by 2019 University Students in Tianjin Innovation Training Program Project"Investigation and Research on Rural Living Environment in Xiqing District"(201910061080)
文摘The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.
文摘The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (黄帝内经素问Huangdi Neijing Suwen), created in the Warring States period (475 to 221 BC) described a phenomenon whereby the eastern, western, northern, southern, and central regions were liable to different diseases. It brought forward the principle of treatment in accordance with local conditions. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, Huai Nan Tzu (Huainanzi), and the Regiment of Health (Yangshenglun) in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties all describe regional diseases such as goiter (endemic goiter) and yellowish teeth (dental fluorosis) as being caused by geologic and climatic factors. Zhang (miasma), first mentioned in the Han Dynasty, was considered related to the summer heat and dampness particular to the geographical environment of the south. Zhang was further associated with malaria in the Jin Dynasty. General Treatise on the Etiology and Symptomology of Diseases (Zhubingyuanhou Lun), in the Sui Dynasty, held that as a type of poisonous gas, Zhang was the predisposing cause of malaria, seasonal disease, and barbiers, among other conditions. General Guide (Zhinan Zonglun), in the Southern Song Dynasty, regarded Zhang malaria as a separate disease. Healthy Prescription in the Southern Wuling District (Lingnan Weisheng Fang), in the late Song and early Yuan Dynasties, explicitly put forward the concepts of cold Zhang, hot Zhang, and lockjaw Zhang. Guidelines for Treatment of Zhang Malaria (Zhangnue Zhinan), in the Ming Dynasty, maintained that cold Zhang was equivalent to malaria, while hot Zhang and lockjaw Zhang were equivalent to cold damage, the latter of which can be treated by prescriptions for cold damage. Records on Zhang gas and Zhang disease decreased during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovative program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX1-07-03)
文摘This paper focuses on the historical transition of human being's activities and the eco-environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The history is divided into 4 periods, each with its own feature. During the period of nomad immigration, the top-line of the subalpine forest was forced downward by the expanding subalpine meadow. During the period of farming nationality immigration, the bottom-line of middle mountain forest had moved upward forced by the needs for land or timber of the increasing population in the valley basia During the period of the early exploiting, the focus resource was the timber. The total output was limited, comparing with the later period, because of the bad accessibility. But it was large enough to impact the forest ecosystem of the deforesting area. The recent 50 years is the crucial period of economic development and eco-environment degradation. This paper points out that the impact of human being's activities for environment lies on 3 factors: 1) physical features control the location and tendency eco-environmental change; 2) population and productivity control the scale and speed of eco-environmental change; 3) regional accessibility controls the time and location of eco-environmental change.
文摘Based on fundamental principles of ecology ,the ecological philosophy connotation of Feng-Shui(Wind and Water) concept from experiences of Chinese agricultural culture was first discussed , and then hu-man-ecological implications of Feng-Shui environment architecture is analyzed. As a theoretical integrationbetween human ecology and Feng-Shui theory ,“environment” and “environmental design” concepts were re-examined and given new definitions. With holistic principles of human ecological design in the context ofFeng-Shui , essential technical ways of integrative human ecological design were explored in the presentationof a case study of an urban environmental design in east China.
