Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, a...Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, along with endothelial dysfunction of the corpora cavernosa and impaired blood flow to the penis considered underlying factors. However, the current treatments are limited to Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. ED is the primary symptom of andropathy. This study reports the clinical efficacy of human stem cell-conditioned medium cream for ED treatment. Ten men without underlying diseases suspected of andropause with ED (mean age 43.2 ± 4.4 y, Hb 15.2 ± 0.6 gm/dL, AST/ALT 30.2/37.9 ± 12.4/14.0, eGFR 82.7 ± 12.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) were targeted. The cream was applied twice daily to the genital and scrotal areas. The erectile hardness score (EHS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), and Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale were used to evaluate the participants before and 30 days after use, and the results were compared using paired t-tests. The post-use qualitative opinions were collected through interviews. Significant improvements were observed compared to baseline in the IIEF-5 (11.8 ± 4.6→17.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), and AMS (46.3 ± 6.7→37.6 ± 5.3, P < 0.001) scores post cream use. EHS did not show a statistically significant difference, but a trend towards improvement was observed. Qualitative feedback included increased morning erection, improved maintenance of erection during intercourse, and reduced post work fatigue. Human stem cell-conditioned medium contains endothelial growth factors that potentially contribute to the improvement of ED and andropause by enhancing corporal endothelial function. Future studies should include control groups to further investigate the efficacy of these treatments.展开更多
BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal ...BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium (HCAM) can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HCAM can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Taixing People's Hospital; Central Laboratory, North China Coal Medical College. MATERIALS: Donor of adipose tissue was donated by female volunteers suffering from caesarean section in the department of obstetrics & gynecology in our hospital and aged 20-35 years. Adipose tissue was collected from subcutaneous tissue of abdomen during the operation. In addition, 8 male newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours with average body mass of 20 g were provided by Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Rabbit-anti-human Nestin polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human neuro-specific enolase polyclonal antibody and mouse-anti-human microtubal associated protein 2 (MAP-2) polyclonal antibody were provided by Wuhan Boster Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of North China Coal Medical College from October 2004 to June 2005. hADASC was cultured with HCAM and its growth and morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. RESULTS: On the 3rd day of culture, partial hADASC started deformation from slender shuttle-shape cells to neuron-like cells. It suggested that cells stretched out apophysis, which were mainly double-pole or multiple-pole cells. Five days later, immunohistochemical detection suggested that expression of Nestin (10.5±0.037) was found out in cells; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP (38.4±0.052) and neuro-specific enolase (NSE) (15.7±0.023) were also found out in cells; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. Western blot indicated that, 5 days after effect of HCAM, Nestin was found out in hADASC; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP and neuro-specific enolase were also found out; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. CONCLUSION: HCAM can induce the differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells in vitro.展开更多
The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that...The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.展开更多
"Substantial" changes have taken place in China’s human rights conditions, according to Professor Xu Xianming, president of the China University of Law and Political Sciences. As a member of the Law Committ..."Substantial" changes have taken place in China’s human rights conditions, according to Professor Xu Xianming, president of the China University of Law and Political Sciences. As a member of the Law Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s highest legislature, he is known for his contributions to improvements in the country’s legal system. In an interview with Human Rights magazine, Professor Xu Xianming listed what he chose to call the "five most important changes" in China’s human rights conditions:展开更多
After riots that occurred on March 14, 2008 in Lhasa, Tibet, the China Central Television Station broadcast a documentary film titled Tibet＇s Past shot years ago by the Central Newsreel ＆ Documentary Film Studio abo...After riots that occurred on March 14, 2008 in Lhasa, Tibet, the China Central Television Station broadcast a documentary film titled Tibet＇s Past shot years ago by the Central Newsreel ＆ Documentary Film Studio about the miserable life of serfs under Tibet＇s feudal serf system before a democratic reform was carried out in the region. The documentary stunned many people. It helps people see through the reactionary and corrupt nature of the Dalai clique.展开更多
Following is a summary of an interview given by Zhao Qizheng, director-general of the State Council Information Office (SCIO), to mark the launching of this magazine. In the interview, Zhao elaborated on the current h...Following is a summary of an interview given by Zhao Qizheng, director-general of the State Council Information Office (SCIO), to mark the launching of this magazine. In the interview, Zhao elaborated on the current human rights conditions in China and their developments, why there are differences between the East and West regarding human rights, and China's stand on the issue.展开更多
Urban parks are of paramount importance in ensuring the availability of green spaces and the improvement of the overall quality of life in highly populated urban areas.The complex surface structure of urban parks gene...Urban parks are of paramount importance in ensuring the availability of green spaces and the improvement of the overall quality of life in highly populated urban areas.The complex surface structure of urban parks generates an environment with distinct microclimatic characteristics.They influence the use of outdoor spaces,particularly in scorching and arid regions.The present work aims to investigate the climatic condition and climatic factors(temperature and humidity)of the park during the peak summertime.It also intends to examine the level of comfort experienced by users in an urban park located in Dhaka city.The project comprised of measuring the climatic factors(temperature and humidity)from various locations(natural and built-up area)inside the park.The investigation also included a subjective survey with queries about the perceived level of user comfort.The current apparel of individuals and the peak visitation time of day were also recorded.GIS,SPSS,Microsoft Excel,and other tools were used to analyse the research data.Results reveal that the park has"Hot Spots,""Cool Spots,"and a"Moderate Spots,"making garden temperature swings easier to explain.Also,the botanical garden’s lower-temperature zones have excellent human comfort ratings,indicating a pleasant and satisfying experience.The study shows how microclimatic factors affect park design and provides a roadmap for improving urban parks.Greenery and cooling may make metropolitan communities healthier and happier in the park.This research attempts to lessen urban heat island impacts through park design and improve community vitality.展开更多
The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to inves...The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P < 0.001), and the interaction between human disturbance activities and water conditions was also significant(P < 0.01). The C mineralization rate and the cumulative mineralized carbon dioxide-carbon(CO_2-C)(at the 49th day) ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Phragmites australis wetland soil > aquaculture pond sediment > soil near the discharge outlet > rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R^2 > 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.展开更多
目的探讨以HRE和hTERT修饰条件复制型腺病毒携带Egr-1介导的Smac(CARd.pE-Smac)对人食管癌细胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影响。方法利用氯化钴进行化学乏氧,病毒感染滴度为5MOI[Multiplicity of infection(virus/cell)]感染人食管癌Eca109细胞...目的探讨以HRE和hTERT修饰条件复制型腺病毒携带Egr-1介导的Smac(CARd.pE-Smac)对人食管癌细胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影响。方法利用氯化钴进行化学乏氧,病毒感染滴度为5MOI[Multiplicity of infection(virus/cell)]感染人食管癌Eca109细胞24h,并进行2Gy照射,12h后分别利用Western blotting检测Smac蛋白的表达,PI染色和AnnexinⅤ-FITC双染,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡变化。实验分为control、CARd.pESmac、hypoxia、2Gy、H+CARd.pE-Smac、CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy和H+CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy组。结果 CARd.pE-Smac感染常氧和乏氧的Eca109细胞后均未见Smac蛋白表达增加,而2Gy照射后,常氧、感染CARd.pE-Smac和乏氧再感染CARd.pE-Smac均能使Smac蛋白表达增加,尤其以三者联用后Smac表达增加最大;感染CARd.pESmac未对细胞周期有明显改变,而乏氧、2Gy和感染CARd.pE-Smac任二者(乏氧与2Gy除外)或者三者联用均能显著增加S期和G2/M期细胞百分比增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),尤其以三者联用作用更强;而且,对于细胞凋亡的诱导作用与周期进程变化的规律相类似。结论 HRE和hTERT修饰条件复制型腺病毒携带Egr-1介导的Smac在人食管癌细胞Eca109中显著过表达,且能够导致细胞发生S期延迟和G2/M期阻滞,并诱导细胞发生凋亡。展开更多
Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensi...Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated.Therefore,our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players,in comparison to a control condition.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus,up to July 2020.Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes(muscle power,i.e.,jumping performance,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength)in basketball players,with no restrictions on their playing level,sex,or age.Hedge’s g effect sizes(ES)were calculated for physical fitness variables.Using a random-effects model,potential sources of heterogeneity were selected,including subgroup analyses(age,sex,body mass,and height)and single training factor analysis(program duration,training frequency,and total number of training sessions).Computation of metaregression was also performed.Results:Thirty-two studies were included,involving 818 total basketball players.Significant(p<0.05)small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power(ES=0.45),countermovement jump height with(ES=1.24)and without arm swing(ES=0.88),squat jump height(ES=0.80),drop jump height(ES=0.53),horizontal jump distance(ES=0.65),linear sprint time across distances≤10 m(ES=1.67)and>10 m(ES=0.92),change-of-direction performance time across distances≤40 m(ES=1.15)and>40 m(ES=1.02),dynamic(ES=1.16)and static balance(ES=1.48),and maximal strength(ES=0.57).The meta-regression revealed that training duration,training frequency,and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes.Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance(>17.15 years,ES=2.11;≤17.15 years,ES=0.10;p<0.001),linear sprint time>10 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.83;≤16.3 years,ES=0.36;p=0.010),and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.65;≤16.3 years,ES=0.75;p=0.005).Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with>2 compared with≤2 weekly PJT sessions(ES=2.12 and ES=0.39,respectively;p<0.001).Conclusion:Data from 32 studies(28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality)indicate PJT improves muscle power,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex,age,or PJT program variables.However,the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance,linear sprint time>10 m,and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m,appear to be more evident among older basketball players.展开更多
文摘Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, exceeding 30%, and increasing with age. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, obesity, insufficient exercise, and smoking have been implicated in its pathogenesis, along with endothelial dysfunction of the corpora cavernosa and impaired blood flow to the penis considered underlying factors. However, the current treatments are limited to Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. ED is the primary symptom of andropathy. This study reports the clinical efficacy of human stem cell-conditioned medium cream for ED treatment. Ten men without underlying diseases suspected of andropause with ED (mean age 43.2 ± 4.4 y, Hb 15.2 ± 0.6 gm/dL, AST/ALT 30.2/37.9 ± 12.4/14.0, eGFR 82.7 ± 12.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) were targeted. The cream was applied twice daily to the genital and scrotal areas. The erectile hardness score (EHS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), and Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale were used to evaluate the participants before and 30 days after use, and the results were compared using paired t-tests. The post-use qualitative opinions were collected through interviews. Significant improvements were observed compared to baseline in the IIEF-5 (11.8 ± 4.6→17.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), and AMS (46.3 ± 6.7→37.6 ± 5.3, P < 0.001) scores post cream use. EHS did not show a statistically significant difference, but a trend towards improvement was observed. Qualitative feedback included increased morning erection, improved maintenance of erection during intercourse, and reduced post work fatigue. Human stem cell-conditioned medium contains endothelial growth factors that potentially contribute to the improvement of ED and andropause by enhancing corporal endothelial function. Future studies should include control groups to further investigate the efficacy of these treatments.
文摘BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium (HCAM) can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HCAM can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Taixing People's Hospital; Central Laboratory, North China Coal Medical College. MATERIALS: Donor of adipose tissue was donated by female volunteers suffering from caesarean section in the department of obstetrics & gynecology in our hospital and aged 20-35 years. Adipose tissue was collected from subcutaneous tissue of abdomen during the operation. In addition, 8 male newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours with average body mass of 20 g were provided by Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Rabbit-anti-human Nestin polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human neuro-specific enolase polyclonal antibody and mouse-anti-human microtubal associated protein 2 (MAP-2) polyclonal antibody were provided by Wuhan Boster Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of North China Coal Medical College from October 2004 to June 2005. hADASC was cultured with HCAM and its growth and morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. RESULTS: On the 3rd day of culture, partial hADASC started deformation from slender shuttle-shape cells to neuron-like cells. It suggested that cells stretched out apophysis, which were mainly double-pole or multiple-pole cells. Five days later, immunohistochemical detection suggested that expression of Nestin (10.5±0.037) was found out in cells; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP (38.4±0.052) and neuro-specific enolase (NSE) (15.7±0.023) were also found out in cells; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. Western blot indicated that, 5 days after effect of HCAM, Nestin was found out in hADASC; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP and neuro-specific enolase were also found out; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. CONCLUSION: HCAM can induce the differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells in vitro.
文摘The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.
文摘"Substantial" changes have taken place in China’s human rights conditions, according to Professor Xu Xianming, president of the China University of Law and Political Sciences. As a member of the Law Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, China’s highest legislature, he is known for his contributions to improvements in the country’s legal system. In an interview with Human Rights magazine, Professor Xu Xianming listed what he chose to call the "five most important changes" in China’s human rights conditions:
文摘After riots that occurred on March 14, 2008 in Lhasa, Tibet, the China Central Television Station broadcast a documentary film titled Tibet＇s Past shot years ago by the Central Newsreel ＆ Documentary Film Studio about the miserable life of serfs under Tibet＇s feudal serf system before a democratic reform was carried out in the region. The documentary stunned many people. It helps people see through the reactionary and corrupt nature of the Dalai clique.
文摘Following is a summary of an interview given by Zhao Qizheng, director-general of the State Council Information Office (SCIO), to mark the launching of this magazine. In the interview, Zhao elaborated on the current human rights conditions in China and their developments, why there are differences between the East and West regarding human rights, and China's stand on the issue.
文摘Urban parks are of paramount importance in ensuring the availability of green spaces and the improvement of the overall quality of life in highly populated urban areas.The complex surface structure of urban parks generates an environment with distinct microclimatic characteristics.They influence the use of outdoor spaces,particularly in scorching and arid regions.The present work aims to investigate the climatic condition and climatic factors(temperature and humidity)of the park during the peak summertime.It also intends to examine the level of comfort experienced by users in an urban park located in Dhaka city.The project comprised of measuring the climatic factors(temperature and humidity)from various locations(natural and built-up area)inside the park.The investigation also included a subjective survey with queries about the perceived level of user comfort.The current apparel of individuals and the peak visitation time of day were also recorded.GIS,SPSS,Microsoft Excel,and other tools were used to analyse the research data.Results reveal that the park has"Hot Spots,""Cool Spots,"and a"Moderate Spots,"making garden temperature swings easier to explain.Also,the botanical garden’s lower-temperature zones have excellent human comfort ratings,indicating a pleasant and satisfying experience.The study shows how microclimatic factors affect park design and provides a roadmap for improving urban parks.Greenery and cooling may make metropolitan communities healthier and happier in the park.This research attempts to lessen urban heat island impacts through park design and improve community vitality.
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB956100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301085)the Key Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(No.2016R1032-1)
文摘The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P < 0.001), and the interaction between human disturbance activities and water conditions was also significant(P < 0.01). The C mineralization rate and the cumulative mineralized carbon dioxide-carbon(CO_2-C)(at the 49th day) ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Phragmites australis wetland soil > aquaculture pond sediment > soil near the discharge outlet > rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R^2 > 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.
文摘Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated.Therefore,our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players,in comparison to a control condition.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus,up to July 2020.Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes(muscle power,i.e.,jumping performance,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength)in basketball players,with no restrictions on their playing level,sex,or age.Hedge’s g effect sizes(ES)were calculated for physical fitness variables.Using a random-effects model,potential sources of heterogeneity were selected,including subgroup analyses(age,sex,body mass,and height)and single training factor analysis(program duration,training frequency,and total number of training sessions).Computation of metaregression was also performed.Results:Thirty-two studies were included,involving 818 total basketball players.Significant(p<0.05)small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power(ES=0.45),countermovement jump height with(ES=1.24)and without arm swing(ES=0.88),squat jump height(ES=0.80),drop jump height(ES=0.53),horizontal jump distance(ES=0.65),linear sprint time across distances≤10 m(ES=1.67)and>10 m(ES=0.92),change-of-direction performance time across distances≤40 m(ES=1.15)and>40 m(ES=1.02),dynamic(ES=1.16)and static balance(ES=1.48),and maximal strength(ES=0.57).The meta-regression revealed that training duration,training frequency,and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes.Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance(>17.15 years,ES=2.11;≤17.15 years,ES=0.10;p<0.001),linear sprint time>10 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.83;≤16.3 years,ES=0.36;p=0.010),and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.65;≤16.3 years,ES=0.75;p=0.005).Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with>2 compared with≤2 weekly PJT sessions(ES=2.12 and ES=0.39,respectively;p<0.001).Conclusion:Data from 32 studies(28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality)indicate PJT improves muscle power,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex,age,or PJT program variables.However,the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance,linear sprint time>10 m,and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m,appear to be more evident among older basketball players.
