We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parame...We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with D_(H)/r_(d) data to derive a model-independent result r_(d)h=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance D_(M)(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of D_(M)/r_(d) to constrain the value of r_(d).We find that the value of r_(d),derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.展开更多
In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a ser...In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a series of cosmological predictions can be derived solely from two constants, namely the Planck length and the speed of gravity. The speed of gravity can be easily determined without knowledge of the speed of light [1] [2]. This provides a new perspective on cosmology and demonstrates that there is a link between the Planck scale and cosmology. This is fully consistent with a recent quantization of general relativity theory that links general relativity to the Compton frequency and the Planck scale. We examine both the Friedmann cosmology and the recently introduced cosmology based on the extremal solution of the Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman metric.1.展开更多
We apply a canonical transformation Hubble’s law to turn it into a quantum equation and derive its solutions in a homogenous universe (assumptions analogous to the FLRW universe). The eigenfunctions of Hubble’s law ...We apply a canonical transformation Hubble’s law to turn it into a quantum equation and derive its solutions in a homogenous universe (assumptions analogous to the FLRW universe). The eigenfunctions of Hubble’s law are also stationary states (eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian). The study of these solutions reveals many striking results, including: 1) By enforcing boundary conditions at the cosmic horizon, we derive a fundamental lower limit to the uncertainty in any rest mass (or measurement thereof) . This implies a lower limit also to the mean particle mass which we call the mass quantum . 2) We postulate that particles with finite mass can be regarded as a composition of a large number of mass quanta and deduce a relation between mass uncertainty and mass m0: . 3) This uncertainty leads naturally to localization of the composite mass, with the radius of localization proportional to the inverse square root of mass . We associate this localization with the classical localization of a massive particle. 4) We derive an expression for the critical mass where there is a crossover from quantum behavior to classical behavior , where is the material mass density. The classical sizes derived in 4) are consistent with empirical results for our universe. We note the theory described here has no free parameters, hence it points to a new fundamental equation of the universe, essentially defining the mass quantum. It is a pure quantum theory that does not invoke general relativity at any stage, and the derivation uses mathematics accessible to an upper level undergraduate student in physics.展开更多
Using a relationship between Hubble’s “parameter”, Temperature, Energy and effective mass, from there obtain in 3 + 1 dimensions a relationship between effective mass, and the initial degrees of freedom, to the 1/4...Using a relationship between Hubble’s “parameter”, Temperature, Energy and effective mass, from there obtain in 3 + 1 dimensions a relationship between effective mass, and the initial degrees of freedom, to the 1/4<sup>th</sup> power, we will discuss candidates for entry into this, assuming for a start that initial universe conditions are similar to a black hole, i.e. a nearly singular start to inflationary expansion;this would necessitate a HUGE initial degree of freedom value as outlined in our argument.展开更多
With an initial requirement to make observations a minimum of 5–10 years,Hubble Space Telescope(HST)has continued to operate well for 30 years.It has relied upon five servicing missions to repair and replace essentia...With an initial requirement to make observations a minimum of 5–10 years,Hubble Space Telescope(HST)has continued to operate well for 30 years.It has relied upon five servicing missions to repair and replace essential components.Since the final Space Shuttle mission 10 years ago,it has avoided major breaks in its operation,with the only serious effects of aging in space being a progressive deterioration in the performance of the gyroscopes and sensitivity of the instrument detectors.A number of factors were important in making HST a scientific landmark.Ground-breaking discoveries have been made with HST-the most important being the discovery of cosmic acceleration.When HST operation ceases,future observations in space should be assured with successful operation of major missions now planned by NASA,ESA,and the Chinese and Japanese Space Agencies.展开更多
NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that hum...NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.展开更多
Based upon Alcubierre’s formalism about energy flux of gravitational waves, as well as Saunder’s treatment of temperature dependence of the Hubble parameter in the early universe, we initiate a particle count treatm...Based upon Alcubierre’s formalism about energy flux of gravitational waves, as well as Saunder’s treatment of temperature dependence of the Hubble parameter in the early universe, we initiate a particle count treatment of gravitons, and subsequent entropy generation which gives, via the standard model treatment of the FRW metric a way to explain/justify a value of entropy of the order of S～106-107 at the very onset of inflation.展开更多
We constrain cosmological parameters using only Hubble parameter data and quantify the impact of future Hubble parameter measurements on parameter estimation for the most typical dark energy models. We first constrain...We constrain cosmological parameters using only Hubble parameter data and quantify the impact of future Hubble parameter measurements on parameter estimation for the most typical dark energy models. We first constrain cosmological parameters using 52 current Hubble parameter data including the Hubble constant measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope. Then we simulate the baryon acoustic oscillation signals from WFIRST(Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope) covering the redshift range of z ∈ [0.5, 2] and the redshift drift data from E-ELT(European Extremely Large Telescope) in the redshift range of z ∈ [2, 5]. It is shown that solely using the current Hubble parameter data could give fairly good constraints on cosmological parameters. Compared to the current Hubble parameter data, with the WFIRST observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy would be improved slightly, while with the E-ELT observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy is enormously improved.展开更多
The universe is vast and when we look at the sky, its parameters (dimensions, mass, and age) seems limitless. Lemaître proposed that the universe began from a primeval-atom [1] which was later ironically nic...The universe is vast and when we look at the sky, its parameters (dimensions, mass, and age) seems limitless. Lemaître proposed that the universe began from a primeval-atom [1] which was later ironically nicknamed by Hoyle “Big Bang” in a BBC broadcast in 1949 [2]. From general relativity, Einstein proposed a cosmological model [3] with a spatially finite universe. He assumed a uniform distribution of matter in a huge 4-D sphere. Even if his equations were showing that the universe was either contracting or expanding, Einstein introduced the “cosmological constant” in his equation to force the universe to be static (being consistent with the general way of thinking of his time). In 1929, from observations of galaxies, Hubble found that the universe was expanding. From that moment, Einstein discarded his cosmological constant as an unnecessary fudge factor. Many cosmological models have been built over time. Each of them excels in explaining some aspects of the universe. We consider that the global topology of the universe is not known, but making the assumptions that it is relatively homogenous and isotropic, its extrapolated local topology leads us to some global “apparent” parameters. From our new cosmological model, we calculate the main parameters of the universe which are its apparent mass mu, its apparent curving radius Ru, its apparent age Tu and the “quantum of speed” εv. The quantum of speed is a new notion in physics. It is the smallest speed increment that may exist. For metrology purposes, we calculate these parameters from the most precise physics’ parameters available.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC2201504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12588101 and 12535002)。
文摘We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with D_(H)/r_(d) data to derive a model-independent result r_(d)h=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance D_(M)(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of D_(M)/r_(d) to constrain the value of r_(d).We find that the value of r_(d),derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.
文摘In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a series of cosmological predictions can be derived solely from two constants, namely the Planck length and the speed of gravity. The speed of gravity can be easily determined without knowledge of the speed of light [1] [2]. This provides a new perspective on cosmology and demonstrates that there is a link between the Planck scale and cosmology. This is fully consistent with a recent quantization of general relativity theory that links general relativity to the Compton frequency and the Planck scale. We examine both the Friedmann cosmology and the recently introduced cosmology based on the extremal solution of the Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman metric.1.
文摘We apply a canonical transformation Hubble’s law to turn it into a quantum equation and derive its solutions in a homogenous universe (assumptions analogous to the FLRW universe). The eigenfunctions of Hubble’s law are also stationary states (eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian). The study of these solutions reveals many striking results, including: 1) By enforcing boundary conditions at the cosmic horizon, we derive a fundamental lower limit to the uncertainty in any rest mass (or measurement thereof) . This implies a lower limit also to the mean particle mass which we call the mass quantum . 2) We postulate that particles with finite mass can be regarded as a composition of a large number of mass quanta and deduce a relation between mass uncertainty and mass m0: . 3) This uncertainty leads naturally to localization of the composite mass, with the radius of localization proportional to the inverse square root of mass . We associate this localization with the classical localization of a massive particle. 4) We derive an expression for the critical mass where there is a crossover from quantum behavior to classical behavior , where is the material mass density. The classical sizes derived in 4) are consistent with empirical results for our universe. We note the theory described here has no free parameters, hence it points to a new fundamental equation of the universe, essentially defining the mass quantum. It is a pure quantum theory that does not invoke general relativity at any stage, and the derivation uses mathematics accessible to an upper level undergraduate student in physics.
文摘Using a relationship between Hubble’s “parameter”, Temperature, Energy and effective mass, from there obtain in 3 + 1 dimensions a relationship between effective mass, and the initial degrees of freedom, to the 1/4<sup>th</sup> power, we will discuss candidates for entry into this, assuming for a start that initial universe conditions are similar to a black hole, i.e. a nearly singular start to inflationary expansion;this would necessitate a HUGE initial degree of freedom value as outlined in our argument.
文摘With an initial requirement to make observations a minimum of 5–10 years,Hubble Space Telescope(HST)has continued to operate well for 30 years.It has relied upon five servicing missions to repair and replace essential components.Since the final Space Shuttle mission 10 years ago,it has avoided major breaks in its operation,with the only serious effects of aging in space being a progressive deterioration in the performance of the gyroscopes and sensitivity of the instrument detectors.A number of factors were important in making HST a scientific landmark.Ground-breaking discoveries have been made with HST-the most important being the discovery of cosmic acceleration.When HST operation ceases,future observations in space should be assured with successful operation of major missions now planned by NASA,ESA,and the Chinese and Japanese Space Agencies.
文摘NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.
文摘Based upon Alcubierre’s formalism about energy flux of gravitational waves, as well as Saunder’s treatment of temperature dependence of the Hubble parameter in the early universe, we initiate a particle count treatment of gravitons, and subsequent entropy generation which gives, via the standard model treatment of the FRW metric a way to explain/justify a value of entropy of the order of S～106-107 at the very onset of inflation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11522540,11690021,11375153,11675145the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionalsthe 2016 Program for Postdoctoral Fellowship of Zhejiang Province
文摘We constrain cosmological parameters using only Hubble parameter data and quantify the impact of future Hubble parameter measurements on parameter estimation for the most typical dark energy models. We first constrain cosmological parameters using 52 current Hubble parameter data including the Hubble constant measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope. Then we simulate the baryon acoustic oscillation signals from WFIRST(Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope) covering the redshift range of z ∈ [0.5, 2] and the redshift drift data from E-ELT(European Extremely Large Telescope) in the redshift range of z ∈ [2, 5]. It is shown that solely using the current Hubble parameter data could give fairly good constraints on cosmological parameters. Compared to the current Hubble parameter data, with the WFIRST observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy would be improved slightly, while with the E-ELT observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy is enormously improved.
文摘The universe is vast and when we look at the sky, its parameters (dimensions, mass, and age) seems limitless. Lemaître proposed that the universe began from a primeval-atom [1] which was later ironically nicknamed by Hoyle “Big Bang” in a BBC broadcast in 1949 [2]. From general relativity, Einstein proposed a cosmological model [3] with a spatially finite universe. He assumed a uniform distribution of matter in a huge 4-D sphere. Even if his equations were showing that the universe was either contracting or expanding, Einstein introduced the “cosmological constant” in his equation to force the universe to be static (being consistent with the general way of thinking of his time). In 1929, from observations of galaxies, Hubble found that the universe was expanding. From that moment, Einstein discarded his cosmological constant as an unnecessary fudge factor. Many cosmological models have been built over time. Each of them excels in explaining some aspects of the universe. We consider that the global topology of the universe is not known, but making the assumptions that it is relatively homogenous and isotropic, its extrapolated local topology leads us to some global “apparent” parameters. From our new cosmological model, we calculate the main parameters of the universe which are its apparent mass mu, its apparent curving radius Ru, its apparent age Tu and the “quantum of speed” εv. The quantum of speed is a new notion in physics. It is the smallest speed increment that may exist. For metrology purposes, we calculate these parameters from the most precise physics’ parameters available.
