In the Hubble sphere,we assume that the wavelength of pure energy spreads out in all directions.The maximum wavelength in the Hubble sphere is then the circumference of the Hubble sphere.We assume the minimum waveleng...In the Hubble sphere,we assume that the wavelength of pure energy spreads out in all directions.The maximum wavelength in the Hubble sphere is then the circumference of the Hubble sphere.We assume the minimum wavelength occurs in a Planck mass black hole,which is given by,4πR_(s,p)= 8πl_(p).Here,we build further on the geometric mean CMB approach by Haug and Tatum and based on new analysis given in this paper1 we conclude that the CMB temperature is simply given as:cmb min max T_(cmb)=T_(min)T_(max),which is the geometric mean of the minimum and maximum physically possible temperatures in the Hubble sphere.This again means the CMB temperature simply is the geometric mean of the Hawking temperature of the Hubble sphere(in black hole cosmology)and the Hawking temperature of the Planck mass black hole,se we have also T_(cmb)=T_(Haw,H) T_(Haw,p).展开更多
Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble tempe...Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble temperature and the maximum Planck temperature of the expanding universe over the course of cosmic time. This mathematical discovery suggests a re-consideration of Rh=ctcosmological models, including black hole cosmological models, even if it possibly could also be consistent with the Λ-CDM model. Most importantly, this paper contributes to the growing literature in the past year asserting a tightly constrained mathematical relationship between the CMB temperature, the Hubble constant, and other global parameters of the Hubble sphere. Our approach suggests a solid theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the CMB temperature rather than solely observing it.1.展开更多
We present how the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a growing black hole variant of R_(h)=ct cosmology model can be re-written as a function of the Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)radiation temperature or Hubble paramete...We present how the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a growing black hole variant of R_(h)=ct cosmology model can be re-written as a function of the Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)radiation temperature or Hubble parameter,rather than the Hubble radius,as first pointed out by Tatum and Seshavatharam[1].We then show how our CMB temperature formulae lead to much higher precision in the estimated entropy of the Hubble radius universe,since the CMB temperature can be measured with great precision.We also briefly discuss how the Schwarzschild metric can be re-written as a function of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy,and how the entropy of the universe can be directly linked to recent estimates of the number of quantum operations in the universe since its beginning.展开更多
文摘In the Hubble sphere,we assume that the wavelength of pure energy spreads out in all directions.The maximum wavelength in the Hubble sphere is then the circumference of the Hubble sphere.We assume the minimum wavelength occurs in a Planck mass black hole,which is given by,4πR_(s,p)= 8πl_(p).Here,we build further on the geometric mean CMB approach by Haug and Tatum and based on new analysis given in this paper1 we conclude that the CMB temperature is simply given as:cmb min max T_(cmb)=T_(min)T_(max),which is the geometric mean of the minimum and maximum physically possible temperatures in the Hubble sphere.This again means the CMB temperature simply is the geometric mean of the Hawking temperature of the Hubble sphere(in black hole cosmology)and the Hawking temperature of the Planck mass black hole,se we have also T_(cmb)=T_(Haw,H) T_(Haw,p).
文摘Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble temperature and the maximum Planck temperature of the expanding universe over the course of cosmic time. This mathematical discovery suggests a re-consideration of Rh=ctcosmological models, including black hole cosmological models, even if it possibly could also be consistent with the Λ-CDM model. Most importantly, this paper contributes to the growing literature in the past year asserting a tightly constrained mathematical relationship between the CMB temperature, the Hubble constant, and other global parameters of the Hubble sphere. Our approach suggests a solid theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the CMB temperature rather than solely observing it.1.
文摘We present how the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a growing black hole variant of R_(h)=ct cosmology model can be re-written as a function of the Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)radiation temperature or Hubble parameter,rather than the Hubble radius,as first pointed out by Tatum and Seshavatharam[1].We then show how our CMB temperature formulae lead to much higher precision in the estimated entropy of the Hubble radius universe,since the CMB temperature can be measured with great precision.We also briefly discuss how the Schwarzschild metric can be re-written as a function of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy,and how the entropy of the universe can be directly linked to recent estimates of the number of quantum operations in the universe since its beginning.
